污泥与餐厨垃圾联合厌氧技术的研究及应用

对国内外城市污水污泥与餐厨垃圾混合厌氧消化的研究进行了综述,介绍了厌氧消化技术在以上两种废弃物处理处置中的不足,提出了污水污泥与餐厨垃圾联合厌氧消化的可行性,分析了该技术的研究及应用现状,并对未来的研究热点及方向进行了展望。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化系统酸化调控研究进展

介绍了餐厨垃圾的特点，针对餐厨垃圾在厌氧消化过程中容易出现的酸化抑制，梳理了目前常用的缓冲溶液添加、多元物料混合厌氧消化和两相厌氧消化等酸化调控技术，以及处于研发阶段的生物预处理、添加生物炭、驯化培养耐酸型产甲烷菌等酸化调控技术。比较了各种技术的优势与不足，提出未来的技术路径和研究方向，以期为餐厨垃圾厌氧消化工程的稳定运行提供技术支撑。     

多元回归和BP人工神经网络模型对混合厌氧消化产气量的预测研究

在中温且控制pH值条件下,对脂肪类单基质和城市污水厂剩余污泥进行混合厌氧消化试验。基于多元回归原理和BP人工神经网络原理,对其建立产气量预测模型。由实验数据计算得出:两个阶段多元回归模型的预测平均准确率分别为75.69%和79.29%;BP神经网络模型的预测平均准确率为79.05%。通过对比两种模型的预测结果可知,两种模型都有较高的预测准确率,但BP模型的预测准确率更高,更适用于混合厌氧消化产气量预测。     

污泥厌氧消化技术发展应用现状及趋势

简介了污泥厌氧消化技术的情况;以美国、欧盟和日本为侧重点,对该技术在国内外的主要研究进展和应用现状做了较详细的描述;提出了国内的污泥厌氧消化技术研究重点,展望了该技术的发展趋势。     

餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化产沼气研究

为探索餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合高温厌氧消化的可行性。在一个50m~3的CSTR反应器模拟实际工程运行条件,结果表明,当水力停留时间20d以上,餐厨和污泥比例为4∶1时,沼气产量和甲烷浓度相比单纯餐厨垃圾厌氧消化分别提高了34.2%和8.1%,硫化氢浓度降低了65%。通过餐厨垃圾和市政污泥联合厌氧,既提高了反应器的稳定性和处理能力,又增加了沼气产出与品质,是城市有机固废协同处理的新途径。     

污泥高固体厌氧消化研究进展

厌氧消化是实现污泥的减量化、稳定化和资源化的重要手段,相对于传统的低浓度污泥厌氧消化工艺高固体污泥厌氧消化可以直接利用污水处理厂排放的脱水污泥,具有设施体积小、单位容积产气率较高和水耗及能耗较低等优势。本文综述了近年来污泥高固体消化的研究进展,从污泥高固体厌氧消化的基本特征出发,总结了污泥高固体厌氧消化的影响因素和对反应器的要求;同时对污泥高固体消化存在的搅拌不匀、传质传热困难、有机质降解率偏低、搅拌系统不成熟等问题作了简要分析,这些问题都还有待于深入研究解决。     

荷兰废水厌氧处理技术与科研进展考察

本文在简要地报道了赴西欧荷兰考察废水厌氧处理技术和科研进展概况后,重点介绍高效厌氧工艺UASB(上流式厌氧污泥床)的设计特点、研究进展和在(?)水厌氧处理中生产规模虚用情况与UASB反应器相匹配的关键生物枝术—高活性厌氧污泥颗粒化研究应用进展,有关颗粒污泥形状、类型、微生物组成、形成机理及厌氧活性污泥颗粒化的主要影响因素等,希望能借鉴国外先进厌氧工艺UASB及其厌氧颗粒化污泥培养技术应用于我国废水厌氧处理中,为提高我国废水厌氧消化技术水平提供参考。     

市政污泥分级分相厌氧消化技术

<正>由中持水务股份有限公司开发的市政污泥分级分相厌氧消化技术,适用于含水量约80%的污泥处置。主要技术内容一、基本原理采用高温水解酸化、中温甲烷化分级分相两级反应系统,提高污泥可生化性,破解了污泥厌氧消化的限速步骤。厌氧消化时间比单级单相厌氧消化缩短30%,污泥有机物降解率大于50%,沼气产率提高35%。     

PAM投加量对臭氧氧化厌氧消化耦合工艺污泥脱水性的影响

提高污泥的脱水性是降低污泥处理难度的必要前提.本文以传统厌氧消化工艺为参照,研究臭氧氧化厌氧消化耦合工艺对化学一级强化污泥脱水挂的影响,以及PAM投加量对厌氧消化污泥脱水性的影响.结果表明,与浓缩污泥相比,传统厌氧消化后污泥脱水性下降了11.8％,而臭氧氧化厌氧消化耦合工艺中污泥没有变化;随着PAM投加量的增加,污泥的脱水性能显著提高;当PAM梗加量为2.0 mg/g DS时,臭氧氧化厌氧消化耦合工艺中污泥的脱水性能达到最佳状态,而当PAM投加量为2.5 mg/g DS时,厌氧消化工艺中污泥的脱水性能才达到最佳状态.     

固体厌氧消化原料流变特性研究综述

厌氧消化原料的流变特性是厌氧消化工艺设计和运行的重要参数。本文从研究对象、实验操作、研究内容和结果、影响因素以及发展方向等方面对固体厌氧消化原料,特别是污泥的流变特性研究现状进行了概述。研究表明,污泥来源广泛,成分复杂,属于非牛顿流体的范畴,其流变特性受多种因素影响,其中污泥的总悬浮固体(TSS)(或混合液悬浮固体(MLSS))和温度是最主要的影响因素。大部分研究采用层流剪切实验对物料的流变特性进行表征,研究对象范围有待于扩大。尚需针对流体本构方程的改进,共消化对于原料流变特性的影响,混合液固、液相指标与流变参数的关系等方面开展研究,为利用流变参数作为工艺控制参数提供理论依据,并解决工程放大等问题。     

An overview on biogas generation from anaerobic digestion of food waste

Food waste is an inevitable type of waste in every city, and its treatment technology evolves with time. Due to the high organic content and high biodegradability of food waste, anaerobic digestion becomes a commonly accepted treatment method to deal with it. This review article summarizes key factors for anaerobic digestion and provides useful information for successful anaerobic digestions. Reasonable temperature and pH are essential for a successful and productive anaerobic digestion process. A good inoculum to substrate ratio triggers a profitable food waste digestion. Good mixing and small particle sizes are important factors too. In addition, the pros and cons of different reactors to food waste digestion are highlighted. Moreover, co-digestion of food waste with animal manures, sewage sludge, and green waste were introduced.     

市政污泥与高浓度废弃物的厌氧共消化：一种生物质能源净产生的途径

厌氧共消化是一种绿色、实用的回收废弃物中能源的技术。本文介绍了厌氧共消化技术的原理，并介绍了美国佐治亚州F. Wayne Hil水资源处理中心采用油脂废弃物（FOG）和含糖工业废水与市政污泥进行连续流厌氧共消化的实际应用案例。结果表明，厌氧共消化可显著提高甲烷产量达2倍以上，甲烷产量随着高浓度有机废弃物负荷率及厌氧消化反应器停留时间的延长而增加，且COD和VS降解率可保持在合理范围内，经济效益显著。     

Impact of food industrial waste on anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and pig manure

The performance of an anaerobic digestion process is much dependent on the type and the composition of the material to be digested. The effects on the degradation process of co-digesting different types of waste were examined in two laboratory-scale studies. In the first investigation, sewage sludge was co-digested with industrial waste from potato processing. The co-digestion resulted in a low buffered system and when the fraction of starch-rich waste was increased, the result was a more sensitive process, with process overload occurring at a lower organic loading rate (OLR). In the second investigation, pig manure, slaughterhouse waste, vegetable waste and various kinds of industrial waste were digested. This resulted in a highly buffered system as the manure contributed to high amounts of ammonia. However, it is important to note that ammonia might be toxic to the micro-organisms. Although the conversion of volatile fatty acids was incomplete the processes worked well with high gas yields, 0.8-1.0 m3 kg(-1) VS.     

Improvement of fruit and vegetable waste anaerobic digestion performance and stability with co-substrates addition

The effect of fish waste (FW), abattoir wastewater (AW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) addition as co-substrates on the fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) anaerobic digestion performance was investigated under mesophilic conditions using four anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBR) with the aim of finding the better co-substrate for the enhanced performance of co-digestion. The reactors were operated at an organic loading rate of 2.46–2.51 g volatile solids (VS) l⁻¹ d⁻¹, of which approximately 90% were from FVW, and a hydraulic retention time of 10 days. It was observed that AW and WAS additions with a ratio of 10% VS enhanced biogas yield by 51.5% and 43.8% and total volatile solids removal by 10% and 11.7%, respectively. However FW addition led to improvement of the process stability, as indicated by the low VFAs/Alkalinity ratio of 0.28, and permitted anaerobic digestion of FVW without chemical alkali addition. Despite a considerable decrease in the C/N ratio from 34.2 to 27.6, the addition of FW slightly improved the gas production yield (8.1%) compared to anaerobic digestion of FVW alone. A C/N ratio between 22 and 25 seemed to be better for anaerobic co-digestion of FVW with its co-substrates. The most significant factor for enhanced FVW digestion performance was the improved organic nitrogen content provided by the additional wastes. Consequently, the occurrence of an imbalance between the different groups of anaerobic bacteria which may take place in unstable anaerobic digestion of FVW could be prevented.     

城市污水厂混合污泥好氧消化处理研究

以城市污水处理厂的初沉污泥与剩余污泥的混合污泥为对象,研究了影响污泥好氧消化处理的各项因素.通过测定氧摄取速率(OUR)和此污泥好氧速率(SOUR),对实验结果进行了探讨.     

Composting and compost application in China

The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge production (in terms of volume as well as composition) in China is introduced. Composting and compost application in China are reviewed. In China, the production of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge is changing rapidly along with economic development. Composting is mainly applied for treating MSW, about 20% of the total amount of MSW being disposed. MSW composting is mainly co-composted with night soil or sewage sludge. Compost is used in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Compost application is the key factor influencing the composting development in China. To promote composting and compost application in China, a state-wide survey on the production, composition and physical and chemical properties of MSW and sewage sludge should be carried out. More effort should be made to develop low cost and high efficient composting technologies according to China's conditions. The environmental impact of compost application should also be given more attention.     

Modeling of real scale waste activated sludge anaerobic digestion process by Anaerobic Digestion Model 1 (ADM1)

In this study, real-scale wastewater treatment plant (Hurma WWTP) sludge anaerobic digestion process was modeled by Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) with the purpose of generating the data to understand the process better by contributing to the prediction of the process operational conditions and process performance, which will be a base for future anaerobic sludge stabilization process investments.

Real-scale anaerobic sludge digestion process data was evaluated in terms of known process and state variables and also process yields. Average VS removal yield, methane production yield, and methane production rate values of the anaerobic sludge digestion unit were calculated as 46.4%, 0.49 m³CH₄/kg VS_removed, and 0.33 m³ CH₄/m³day, respectively. In this study, ADM1 was intended to predict the behavior of real-scale anaerobic digester processing sewage sludge under dynamic conditions. To estimate the variables of real-scale sludge anaerobic digestion process with high accuracy and to provide high model prediction performance, values of the four parameters (disintegration rate constant, carbohydrate hydrolysis rate constant, protein hydrolysis rate constant, and lipid hydrolysis rate constant) that have strong effects on structured ADM1 were estimated by using the parameter estimation module in Aquasim program and their values were found as 0.101, 10, 10, and 9.99, respectively. When the numbers of kinetic parameters with the processes included in ADM1 along with the dynamic and non-linear structure of the real scale anaerobic digestion were taken into consideration, model simulations were in good agreement with measured results of the biogas flow rate, methane flow rate, pH, total alkalinity, and volatile fatty acids.     

Environmental and economic analysis of management systems for biodegradable waste

The management system for solid and liquid organic waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method. The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.