依法科学管理处置医疗废物

针对我国医疗废物管理和处置现状,提出完善有关医疗废物管理和处置的法律体系等七项措施。     

我国医疗废物处理处置技术及其应用前景

本文针对我国医疗废物处理处置现状和目前国内外医疗废物处理处置技术比较,探讨了我国医疗废物 处理处置技术的应用前景。     

河北省医疗废物处置现状分析及建议

通过列表法对河北省医疗废物的产生和处置现状进行归纳分析,对医疗废物处置单位情况进行简要介绍,揭示了医疗废物处置相关规划缺失、医疗废物监管存在漏洞、处置单位自身疏于管理等问题,结合河北省自身特点,提出尽快出台相关规划、强化环境监管、规范自身经营管理等建议。     

苏里格气田水基钻井废物资源化处置

为避免或减小水基钻井废物对环境造成的影响,苏里格气田本着"建一个气田,留一片绿色"的理念,对液相循环利用,固相外委处置,同时进一步探索钻井岩屑减量和资源化利用途径。文章通过对钻井岩屑成分分析,对泥浆池土壤和植被进行环境调研,进一步探讨钻井废物在苏里格气田的处置及资源化利用,介绍了2015年之前固化法的应用情况,2015年之后实施钻井液不落地技术的应用情况。提出优化钻井液体系,强化现场处置及监管力度,进一步实现源头控制及循环利用。同时,结合国内外钻井废物处置、再利用现状,积极探索钻井固废铺垫井场、铺垫油区道路等资源化利用方式。     

国家环境保护总局 关于加强废弃电子电气设备环境管理的公告

各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局(厅):随着我国经济的快速发展,社会消费水平的不断提高,电子电气设备废弃量迅速增长,已经成为不可忽视的环境污染源。近年来,个别地区使用简陋设备和落后工艺回收利用废弃电子电气设备(以下简称电子废物),对当地环境造成了严重污染。为加强电子废物的环境管理,防止污染环境,促进以环境无害化方式回收利用和处置电子废物,变废为宝,化害为利,根据《固体废物污染环境防治法》有关规定,现公告如下:一、产生电子废物的单位,包括电子电气设备制造企业、电子电气设备维修服务企业和大量使用电子电气设备的企事业单位…     

前沿动态

全球急需严控电子废物日前,《控制危险废物越境转移及其处置巴塞尔公约》(目的是遏制越境特别是向发展中国家转移危险废物)的第八次缔约方大会召开。联合国环境规划署执行主任指出,越来越多的电子废物成为日益严峻的事实,现已多达每年5000万吨,电子废物所含重金属和氯化物对环境和人类健康构成威胁,而贫穷国家正在成为倾倒电子废物的垃圾场。中日韩促进东北亚可持续发展近日,中日韩三国环境部长联合签署《第八次中日韩环境部长会议联合公报》,并指出中国提出的“新时期中国环境保护工作的三个转变”,日本提出的“环境、经济和社会综合改善”…     

世界中低水平放射性废物处置设施现状及启示

随着核科学的飞速发展和应用,产生了大量的放射性废物,合理、安全的处置各类放射性废物,已成为世界各国刻不容缓的研究课题。各国已建或在建了许多中低水平放射性废物处置设施,这些设施的信息分散在各国的官方报告中,研究分析这些信息将对我国放射性废物的处置具有重要意义。本文通过调研大量资料,总结了世界核反应堆的现状(数据截止到2013年)；介绍了中低水平放射性废物处置发展概况；分析了世界各国中低水平放射性废物处置设施的现状(数据截止到2011年)；并对我国的中低放废物处置提出建议。为我国全面和正确的认识放射性废物处置,有的放矢的制定发展规划和开展相关研究提供了科学依据。     

废旧线路板综合处置初探

废旧电路板是电子废物的主要种类之一。本文阐述了废旧线路板对环境的危害,提出了有别于传统及禁止的处置办法。     

医疗废物焚烧处置企业环境管理分析与对策研究

<正>针对我国医疗废物焚烧处置企业落实规范化环境管理的迫切需求,依据上海地区在医疗废物焚烧处置工作的环境管理实践经验,探讨医疗废物焚烧处置企业环境管理的基本内容,以期为我国其他地区医疗废物处置企业的环境管理工作提供借鉴。1974年在墨西哥召开的"资源利用、环境与发展战略方针"专题研讨会上首次正式提出"环境管理"概念,此次会议形成了三点共识:全人类的一切基本需要应当得到满足;要进行发展以满足基本需要,但不能超出生物圈的容许极限;协调这     

论医疗废物的管理

阐述了医疗废物的概念和国内外医疗废物的危害、管理、处置现状,对我国医疗废物的管理提出了建议。     

Electronic waste recycling: A review of U.S. infrastructure and technology options

The useful life of consumer electronic devices is relatively short, and decreasing as a result of rapid changes in equipment features and capabilities. This creates a large waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment, electronic waste (e-waste).Even though there are conventional disposal methods for e-waste, these methods have disadvantages from both the economic and environmental viewpoints. As a result, new e-waste management options need to be considered, for example, recycling. But electronic recycling has a short history, so there is not yet a solid infrastructure in place.In this paper, the first half describes trends in the amount of e-waste, existing recycling programs, and collection methods. The second half describes various methods available to recover materials from e-waste. In particular, various recycling technologies for the glass, plastics, and metals found in e-waste are discussed. For glass, glass-to-glass recycling and glass-to-lead recycling technologies are presented. For plastics, chemical (feedstock) recycling, mechanical recycling, and thermal recycling methods are analyzed. Recovery processes for copper, lead, and precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium are reviewed. These processes are described and compared on the basis of available technologies, resources, and material input–output systems.     

Environmental impacts and use of brominated flame retardants in electrical and electronic equipment

Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) or e-waste is becoming a major issue as around 20–50 million tons of such waste is generated worldwide and increasing at a higher rate than other solid waste streams. Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) contains over 1,000 materials of which brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been the target of the regulators forcing manufacturers to adopt halogen-free flame retardants. As far as these alternatives are concerned, key consideration should be its performance during the whole life cycle through design, use and end-of-life management. The global halogen-free flame retardant movement has reached a point of no return. The most important issue as far as the environment is concerned, for which the transformation to halogen-free retardants was initially targeted, is to make sure that life span of the EEE using the alternatives to BFRs is not shortened thereby resulting in unforeseen increases in e-waste to deal with. The aim of this article is to investigate the environmental issues and current developments related to the use of BFRs in EEE manufacture. It describes the sources, toxicity and human exposure of BFRs, EOL management such as recycling and thermal treatments, exposure of BFRs from e-waste processing facilities and the environment around them and examines the developments and feasibility of the alternatives to BFR in EEE manufacture.     

How much e-waste is there in US basements and attics? Results from a national survey

The fate of used electronic products (e-waste) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity and the growing volume of e-waste. Addressing these concerns requires developing the recycling infrastructure, but good estimates of the volume of e-waste stored by US households are still unavailable. In this context, we make two contributions based on a national random survey of 2136 US households. First, we explain how much e-waste is stored by US households using count models. Significant explanatory variables include age, marital and employment status, ethnicity, household size, previous e-waste recycling behavior, and to some extent education, home ownership, and understanding the consequences of recycling, but neither income nor knowledge of e-waste recycling laws. Second, we estimate that on average, each US household has 4.1 small (≤10 pounds) and 2.4 large e-waste items in storage. Although these numbers are likely lower bounds, they are higher than recent US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates (based on narrower product categories). This suggests that the backlog of e-waste in the US is likely larger than generally believed; it calls for developing the recycling infrastructure but also for targeted recycling campaigns.     

Environment-friendly technology for recovering nonferrous metals from e-waste: Eddy current separation

The current generation pattern of e-waste consisted of dead electronic and electrical equipments poses one of the world's greatest pollution problem due to the lack of appropriate recovery technology. Crude recovery methods of resource materials (aluminum, zinc, copper, lead, gold) from e-waste caused serious pollution in China in the past years. Thus, environment-friendly technologies have been the pressing demand in e-waste recovering. Eddy current separation (ECS) was advised as the preferable technology for recovering nonferrous metals from e-waste. However, just a few reports focused on the application of ECS in e-waste recovering. This paper introduced the information about ECS including the models of eddy current force and movement behavior of nonferrous metallic particle in the separation process. Meanwhile, the developing process of eddy current separator was summarized. New industrial applications of ECS in e-waste (waste toner cartridges and refrigerator cabinets) recovering were also presented. Finally, for improving separation rate of ECS in industrial application of e-waste recovering, some suggestions were proposed related to crushing process, separator design, and separator operation. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of ECS technology as practical and available tool for recovering non-ferrous metals from e-waste which is now being ignored.     

生产者责任延伸制与电子废弃物管理——环境法规

日益增加的固体废弃物和工业废弃物已成为主要的社会问题。回收服务相对来说还很不足,导致很多废弃物只能进行简单的填埋、焚烧处理。这将导致严重的环境污染。借鉴国外一些发达国家废物管理领域的政策趋势,我国近年来出台了一系列关于电子废弃物管理的政策法规,但也暴露出正规的废物处理企业无法取得规模收益,入不敷出,电子废弃物处理基金的征收及补贴对象不明确等诸多问题。引入生产者责任延伸制将外部影响内部化,在理念和功能等方面适应了电子废弃物管理的需要。     

德、日两国循环经济立法经验及对我国的启示

循环经济立法是发展循环经济的前提，对发展循环经济具有首要的、决定性的作用。借鉴德国、日本两个经济发达国家循环经济立法的成功经验，提出建立符合我国国情的循环经济立法模式和循环经济法律体系的构建。     

国内外建筑垃圾处理相关政策法规对比分析

综述了欧美、日本等发达国家和地区在建筑垃圾的处理、规范管理和再利用等方面的管理模式和政策法规。结合我国的国情和现行的法规政策进行了对比和分析,旨在为我国建筑垃圾的资源再利用提供参考。     

米东区居民生活垃圾分类收集及处理调查分析

随着城市的快速发展,城市生活垃圾对环境的危害越来越大,已经成为影响城市居住环境的重要污染源,如何进行城市生活垃圾的收集与处理显得至关重要。米东区作为乌鲁木齐市新型工业城区的代表,其经济虽然取得了飞速发展,但其城市居住环境却未得到足够地重视。鉴于此,围绕乌鲁木齐市新型工业城区的生活垃圾分类收集和处理现状展开了社会调查,选取乌鲁木齐市米东区作为靶区,随机选取70户人家进行了入户问卷调查,对调查结果进行了统计分析,得出了乌鲁木齐市米东区家庭生活垃圾分类收集及处理的特点,进而指出了新型工业城区垃圾分类工作存在的主要问题,根据影响城市家庭生活垃圾产生量的因素,针对如何更好的实现垃圾的分类收集工作提出了相应的建议。     

放射性固体废弃物浅地表处置场周围环境放射性水平分析

本文介绍了对某放射性固体废弃物浅地表处置场周围环境的终态和连续四年的放射性水平监测。发现该处置场在填埋放射性固体废弃物过程中未对周围环境造成放射性污染,并在四年时间内,该处置场还未出现放射性物质泄漏的情况     

Toward Active Community Environmental Policing: Potentials and Limits of a Catalytic Model

This paper offers a field tested community environmental policing model to address the pressing environmental management challenges of reducing e-waste burning in informal e-waste hubs, and enforcement against informal polluting industries more broadly. This is based on our intervention to reduce e-waste burning in a substantial informal e-waste hub in the West Bank, Palestine, a 45 km2 region in which an estimated 5–10 metric tonnes of cables are burnt daily, causing serious environmental and public health consequences. In analogous e-waste hubs in the global South, environmental management solutions have focused on economically attractive alternatives to replace cable burning or policies that integrate informal recyclers with formal e-waste management systems—achieving little success. Our paper describes a two-pronged intervention in Palestine’s e-waste hub, which reduced e-waste burning by 80% through a combination of economically competitive cable grinding services and an “active” community environmental policing initiative that lowered barriers to and successfully advocated for governmental policing of e-waste burning. Our discussion of this intervention addresses the community environmental policing literature, which has documented few successes stories of real improvements to the enforcement of environmental violations. We argue that existing strategies have relied on “passive” approaches comprised of monitoring and reporting environmental violations to advocate for change. Our strategy offers a template to improve outcomes through a more “active” approach, moving from monitoring environmental violations through understanding the rationale and dynamics of violators, identifying environmental policing barriers, and implementing a feasible and persuasive strategy to overcome them.