霉菌试验方法的对比分析

通过ＨＢ５８３０．１２－８６（新航标）和ＨＢ６－７１－７６（老航标）霉菌试验方法的实际试验,重点对霉菌试验菌种,试验温湿度,试验箱风速,孢子悬液配制以及试验结果的等级评定等,作了探讨及对比分析。     

磷霉素制药废水中α-苯乙胺的优势降解菌的选择

本研究在前期获得两株α-苯乙胺降解菌的基础上,研究了两株菌株P1、P2生长状况、不同接种量对其生长和降解效果的影响、两株菌在不同基质环境下的耐受能力,最终从两株菌中择优选择出α-苯乙胺的高效降解菌。结果表明:相同生长环境下,菌株P2较P1生长周期长;在不同接种量下,菌株P2对α-苯乙胺的降解效率高于菌株P1,最佳接种量为20%;P2比P1具有更高的耐受能力,因此选择菌株P2作为优势降解菌,为今后磷霉素制药废水的处理提供数据支持。     

甾体激素医药工业废水降解菌的分离与特性

从江苏省某甾体激素医药原料企业工业废水取样,经定向富集培养技术进行该类型废水降解功能菌株的分离,在好氧条件下分离得到54株细菌。通过高效菌的配伍分析,最后选择出了6株高活力功能降解菌,并初步鉴定为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）,编号：CDUT QY-12;假单胞杆菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）,编号：CDUT J-1、H-2、QU-5和醋酸杆菌属（Acetobacter sp.）,编号：CDUT Q-1、X-3。以选出的高效降解功能菌组合培养物,对废水样品的处理试验,经COD和TLC分析表明,确证其具有生物降解甾体激素医药工业废水的能力。     

高效纤维素分解菌复合系的构建及其环境适应性研究

以纤维素培养基和纤维素刚果红培养基为初筛和复筛培养基，从采集的样品中分离得到具有纤维素分解能力的菌株20株。选择其中具有较高纤维素酶活力的12个菌株与2株自生固氮菌和EM菌进行正交实验，得到3个组合表现出协同降解纤维素的作用，对滤纸降解效果为组合12〉组合8〉组合5。选用组合12进行了一系列的环境适应性研究，结果表明，碳源为微晶纤维素＋CMC-Na时CMC酶活最高，最适氮源为蛋白胨＋酵母膏，最适pH6．5，最适培养温度为30℃。培养第6天CMC酶活最高。     

石油降解菌的分离筛选及混合菌群的构建与优化

以河南濮阳油田超重质原油为研究对象,从污染井场土壤中分离并筛选出几株高效降解细菌、酵母菌和霉菌。由于不同类型微生物对碳源的利用目标和方式有所不同,而将3类不同类型菌种进行排列组合进行降解实验,最终优选出一组石油降解优势菌群。该文还利用正交优化法对降解菌的最佳添加量进行计算,结果显示,最佳接种量为X25：1．5％,Z3：1％,X18：1％,Z28：2％。利用该优化结果进行降解实验,石油的降解率在一定程度上提高了。在对濮阳、南阳和延长油田不同原油进行为期8d的降解实验中,显示了较高的降解效率,降解率分别为56．93％、65．66％、82．69％。实验证明,该降解菌群能不仅能有效够降解超重油,而且对重质原油和轻质原油表现出更好的降解能力。因此,该研究为石油污染物的降解提供了有效的菌种资源。     

铬酐退铜液影响退铜因素的研究及分析

铬酐退铜由于成份简单、退铜速度快、易于操作而为厂家普遍采用。本文着重研究了铬酐退铜液影响退铜效果的主要因素,通过对「ＣｒＯ３」－ｔ以及「Ｃｕ」＾２＋－ｔ曲线的测量找出退铜液的反应规律。实验表明：提高「ＣｒＯ３」、酸浓度均可提高溶液的退铜能力;溶液中「ＳＯ４」＾２－的增加,则加剧铜的溶解;当溶液中的「ＣｒＯ３」＝１２３－１２６ｇ／Ｌ「Ｃｕ」＾２＋＝２２－２７ｇ／ｌ时,退铜液即失效。失效的退铜液靠单纯     

混合型防霉剂HFM-01在三防涂层中的应用研究

通过筛选试验而研配的混合型防霉剂ＨＦＭ－０１具有高效、低毒和安全的特点,在涂料中添加ＨＦＭ－０１可以有效提高涂层的三防性能。     

纤维素降解真菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

经过实验分离到一株纤维素降解真菌CD-Q1,通过形态及分子生物学鉴定该真菌为匍匐根霉。该菌能够以滤纸、秸秆和脱酯棉为唯一碳源生长,8 d内可将26.5%的秸秆降解,可将7.5%的滤纸糖化。当以滤纸为唯一碳源时,pH=5条件下,滤纸失重及还原糖产生量最高,45 h内可将3%滤纸降解,生成0.845 mg/ml的还原糖(以葡萄糖计)。该纤维素降解真菌的分离为纤维素糖化及进一步利用提供了较好菌源,为纤维素降解性能的基因改良提供了理想的出发菌株。     

S-TE剩余污泥溶解过程中VSS的变化研究

从土壤中筛选出1株能分泌胞外酶、促进污泥溶解的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌Bacillus stearothermophilusAT07-1,将AT07-1培养液接种到不同浓度（TSS约为7.5、14.5、20.5 g/L）的剩余污泥中,于65℃进行嗜热菌溶解试验,并与未接种试验进行对比。结果表明,接种嗜热菌AT07-1促进了污泥中悬浮固体的溶解。60h时接种试验VSS的溶解率分别为61.41%、53.79%、41.86%,比不接种试验同期分别提高了27.57%、25.24%、16.26%。试验条件下VSS溶解过程在初始阶段（t=3d）符合一级反应动力学模型,接种后溶解速率常数Kd显著提高,从0.12 d-1、0.08 d-1、0.09 d^-1分别增加到0.27 d^-1、0.24 d^-1、0.13 d^-1。     

垃圾渗滤液COD降解菌株的筛选及其降解特性初探

采用不断增大垃圾渗滤液浓度的方法，筛选出3株能有效降解渗滤液的微生物DL01、DL02、DL03。以COD的去除率作为评价指标，研究常压。不同时间、温度以厦pH下优势菌株对渗滤液COD的降解特性。初步结果表明，优势菌株的接种量以7．5％（体积分数）最佳；各优势菌株对温度的适应范围较广，在20℃-40℃内具有较好的降解效果，COD的去除率均高于15．7％；3株优势茼株最适pH均为7，不同菌株耐受pH的范围不同，其中DL01对pH的适应范围最广，为6—9；在35℃，pH为7时，DL01对渗滤液COD的去除能力最强为35．5％，DL02和DL03分别为25．0％和21．5％；在此相同条件下，混合菌株比单一菌株的降解效果好，为39．3％；加入碳源有利于渗滤液COD的降解。无机氮源的加入使COD的去除率降低。     

Time and moisture effects on total and bioavailable copper in soil water extracts

Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in soil frequently involves testing of freshly spiked soils kept under stable humidity conditions, but it has been questioned whether these assessments are representative of the field situation. Furthermore, the poor correspondence that is often found between total metal content and metal toxicity calls for integrated chemical and biological analysis. The aim of this work was to determine time- and moisture-dependent changes in total water-extractable Cu as well as bioavailable Cu in soil water extracts. Measurements of total water-extractable copper ([Cu]tot) were performed using furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. An in vitro assay employing a Cu-specific Pseudomonas fluorescens reporter strain was used to estimate Cu that was biologically available to the reporter strain. We refer to this copper fraction as "bioavailable," [Cu]bio. We found a time-dependent decrease in [Cu]tot and [Cu]bio during incubation for up to 220 d at field capacity. Hence the [Cu]bio was reduced to between 32 and 40% of the initial values. Furthermore, the [Cu]bio to [Cu]tot ratio correlated positively with the amount of added Cu and tended to increase with time. The moisture content of the soil was important for Cu retention. Dry soil had higher [Cu]tot concentrations than humid soil, but the [Cu]bio to [Cu]tot, ratio was lower in the dry soil. Alternating drying and wetting did not lead to a more rapid Cu retention than observed under constant humid conditions. Our observations underline the need for considering both time and moisture effects when interpreting short-term toxicity studies and when making predictions concerning possible long-term effects of Cu in the soil environment.     

废弃钻井液微生物降解菌室内筛选研究

针对川渝地区废弃钻井液成分复杂、污染危害大的特点,提出利用微生物法处理废弃钻井液的方法。通过菌株分离、菌株筛选、菌株对废弃钻井液的降解利用实验筛选出8株降解菌株,进行了废弃钻井液的降解利用情况研究,表明筛选出的降解菌株均能够以废弃钻井液为唯一碳源,具备了快速分解废弃钻井液的能力。     

Studies on mobility and degradation pathways of terbuthylazine using lysimeters on a field scale

Terbuthylazine [N2-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] degradation pathways in agricultural soils were evaluated by following the appearance and mobility of its main transformation products: dealkylated and hydroxylated derivatives. Three experimental degradation studies in open field were performed in different hydraulic conditions: constant hydraulic head on topsoil, achieved to simulate the highest-risk situation for the aquifer, intermittent artificial precipitation to simulate a medium-risk situation; and natural precipitation to reproduce the lowest-risk condition. Concentrations of terbuthylazine transformation products derived from dealkylation and hydroxylation reactions were measured in leachates and soil samples collected during the three experiments. Desethylterbuthylazine (DET) and deethylterbuthylazine-2-hydroxide [DETH; 4-amino-6-terbutylamino-(1,3,5)-triazine-2-OH] were found to be the highest-leaching compounds and therefore can be considered as potential pollutants for aquifer contamination.     

四川北虫草菌株的比较研究

从不同来源的北虫草菌株中选育优质菌株,以菌株生长能力、出草试验、TTC酶活力为指标对北虫草菌株进行研究。结果表明,菌株A的长速相对较快,气生菌丝较多,菌落菌丝体较厚,菌落边缘整齐;菌丝出草尖时,草根没有紫红色的冷凝水珠,转色快,出草时间短,草的产量高,菌株A为筛选出的优质菌株。     

苯酚降解菌Y_1的分离与鉴定

旨在从微生物降解的角度出发,解决苯酚大量应用带来的含酚废水对环境污染问题.采用富集培养、驯化筛选和平板划线等方法,从某化工厂废水中分离得到4株苯酚降解菌.利用4-氨基吡啉分光光度法测定其苯酚降解能力,筛选出降解率较高的菌株Y_1.经形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Ba...     

Residual and contact herbicide transport through field lysimeters via preferential flow

Usage of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)-glycine] and glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxy-methylphosphinyl)butanoic acid] may reduce the environmental impact of agriculture because they are more strongly sorbed to soil and may be less toxic than many of the residual herbicides they replace. Preferential flow complicates the picture, because due to this process, even strongly sorbed chemicals can move quickly to ground water. Therefore, four monolith lysimeters (8.1 m(2) by 2.4 m deep) were used to investigate leaching of contact and residual herbicides under a worst-case scenario. Glufosinate, atrazine (6-chloro-N(2)-ethyl-N(4)-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl) acetamide], and linuron (3-3,4-dichlorophenyl-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) were applied in 1999 before corn (Zea mays L.) planting and glyphosate, alachlor, and metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] were applied in 2000 before soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting. A high-intensity rainfall was applied shortly after herbicide application both years. Most alachlor, metribuzin, atrazine, and linuron losses occurred within 1.1 d of rainfall initiation and the peak concentration of the herbicides coincided (within 0.1 d of rainfall initiation in 2000). More of the applied metribuzin leached compared with alachlor during the first 1.1 d after rainfall initiation (2.2% vs. 0.035%, P < 0.05). In 1999, 10 of 24 discrete samples contained atrazine above the maximum contaminant level (atrazine maximum contaminant level [MCL] = 3 mug L(-1)) while only one discrete sample contained glufosinate (19 mug L(-1), estimated MCL = 150 mug L(-1)). The results indicate that because of preferential flow, the breakthrough time of herbicides was independent of their sorptive properties but the transport amount was dependent on the herbicide properties. Even with preferential flow, glyphosate and glufosinate were not transported to 2.4 m at concentrations approaching environmental concern.     

复合絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3+PAM处理生活污水中CODCr和浊度的实验研究

研究絮凝剂硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3与助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)联合处理生活污水的效果。研究表明:Al2(SO4)3与PAM联用比单独用Al2(SO4)3处理生活污水效果更好;Al2(SO4)3 PAM对生活污水CODCr和浊度具有良好的去除能力;当投加1:1的50mg/L的Al2(SO4)3 0.5mg/L的PAM,调节水体pH=7时,处理效果最理想,CODCr去除率可达95.8%,浊度去除率可达97.5%。为复合絮凝剂Al2(SO4)3 PAM处理生活污水的应用提供了有价值的参考依据。     

EFFECT OF SULFOMETURON METHYL ON GROUND WATER AND STREAM QUALITY IN COASTAL PLAIN FOREST WATERSHEDS1

ABSTRACT: Sulfometuron methyl [methyl 2-[[[[4,6-dimethly 2-(pyrimidinyl) a-mino] carbony l]amino] sulfonyl] benzoate] was applied by a ground sprayer at a maximum labeled rate of 0.42 kg ha^-1 a.i. to a 4 ha Coastal Plain flatwoods watershed as site preparation for tree planting. Herbicide residues were detected in Streamflow for only seven days after treatment and did not exceed 7 mg m^-3. Sulfometuron methyl was not detected in any stormflow and was not found in any sediment (both bedload and suspended). Sampling of a shallow ground water aquifer, > 1.5 m below ground surface, did not detect any sulfometuron methyl residues for 203 days after herbicide application. Lack of herbicide residue movement was attributed to low application rates, rapid hydrolysis in acidic soils and water and dilution in streamflow.     

Upflow column reactor design for dechlorination of chlorinated pulping wastes by Penicillium camemberti

A Penicillium camemberti strain isolated in our laboratory has been studied for its ability to degrade chlorinated pulping wastes, presumably containing a variety of chlorinated polyphenols. In batch tests, the highest removals (76% AOX, 61% color and 65% TOC) were obtained with 0.2 g/l feed acetate concentration. The tendency of the fungus to dechlorinate bleachery effluents better under non-shaking conditions and to attach onto surfaces suggested the use of immobilized cells rather than freely suspended ones in further exploitation of the process. An upflow glass wool packed column reactor established with this fungus could be operated for nearly two years in the laboratory. At best around 70% AOX could be removed from chlorinated pulping wastes in 7.3 h of contact with no aeration and with a minimal amount of carbon supplement (0.2 g/l). Finally, an asymptotic mathematical formula for determining Michaelis-Menten kinetic rates has been derived. The kinetic rates K(m) (the Michaelis constant or saturation constant for the substrate) and V(m) (the product of maximum rate for the enzymatic reaction and biomass concentration) were then calculated as 126.386 mg/l and 2.83017 mg/lh, respectively.     

钝顶螺旋藻在有机污水处理方面的应用初探

以钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina Platenis)A9、A9L(藻体长直型)2种藻株为实验材料,研究了不同浓度苯酚(Phenol)对2种藻株生长的影响。结果显示:①低浓度苯酚能促进实验藻株生长;②不同藻株对苯酚浓度敏感性和忍受力有差异;③钝顶螺旋藻A9、A9L藻株可用于含低浓度苯酚的有机污水处理。