ppl-空间、wppl-空间、 meta-Lind?ff空间的映射性质

对ppl-空间、wppl-空间、meta-Lindel     

pp1-空间、wpp1-空间、meta-Lindff空间的映射性质

对ppl空间、wppl空间、metaLindelf空间的映射性质进行了探讨,证明了ppl空间、wppl空间、metaLindelf空间被可数对一开映射保持。     

基于GIS空间关联规则的挖掘综述

空间关联规则是将空间数据库访问技术与事物数据库中常用的关联规则挖掘算法相结合,能有效地挖掘出隐藏在数据背后的知识、规则。介绍了空间关联规则挖掘的现状,给出了空间关联规则及相关的术语定义,对基于地理信息科学(GIS)的空间关联规则挖掘方法进行了归纳与分析。通过对近年空间关联规则的发展研究,结合GIS的发展现状,提出了基于GIS的空间关联规则挖掘的发展趋势。     

旅游设施空间分布特征及其与旅游资源空间错位分析

探讨旅游设施空间分布及其与旅游资源的空间错位特征,能够为旅游设施空间合理规划、推动云南省旅游业高质量发展提供理论依据。以旅游设施兴趣点为研究对象,采用标准差椭圆、核密度估计等方法定量分析了2011年和2021年云南省旅游设施的空间格局分布特征,利用重力模型探究了云南省旅游设施与旅游资源的空间错位特征。结果表明:(1)云南省旅游设施空间上整体呈东—西分布格局,与旅游资源空间分布趋势具有一致性,且整体分布呈现收缩趋势;(2)不同旅游设施空间分布均朝着均衡的方向发展,各类旅游设施在空间上形成块状集聚、多中心发展的格局;(3)云南省旅游设施分布与旅游资源空间格局的不一致性较高,空间错位距离明显;(4)旅游设施与旅游资源整体空间错位距离在降低,但各州市间空间错位程度相差较大。     

鲁南经济带国土空间格局演变特征与驱动力分析

探究国土空间时空格局演变特征及其驱动因素对于实现国土空间资源高效配置和促进国土空间高质量发展具有重要意义。以鲁南经济带为研究对象,围绕时空演变和空间格局对国土空间格局演变特征展开分析,并运用地理探测器探究其驱动因素。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年,不同国土空间类型间动态变化差异明显,且综合动态度由东西失衡向全域均衡转变。(2)空间分布特征上,鲁南经济带国土空间变化整体分布较为均衡;在2005—2010年间各类型国土空间转换活跃。(3)空间格局演变特征上,各国土空间面积变化呈空间集聚特征,这一特征在2010—2020年相对减弱;各国土空间类型间变化关系以负相关为主,但相关系数绝对值明显降低。(4)驱动力方面,研究区国土空间面积变化受到自然、人口、经济等因素的共同作用,自然环境变化是基础性条件,人口和经济发展是主要驱动力,政策因素也发挥重要作用。     

贵州省乡村旅游空间特征的主导因子及其空间响应——基于地理加权相关系数的分析

选取贵州省1976个乡村旅游点作为研究对象,采用核密度、地理探测器、地理加权相关系数探究了2017—2019年该省乡村旅游空间特征、主导因子及其空间响应。结果表明:(1)乡村旅游空间格局为"中部集聚、周边随机"和"双核心、多热点"。(2)高程、住宿接待能力、水文环境、地形坡高等是影响乡村旅游空间特征的主要因素。(3)除地形坡高与乡村旅游呈负相关外,其他主导因子均与乡村旅游呈正相关,高程的起伏促进了乡村旅游的发展。     

从空间、圈层和系统谈到最高层次的生态系统

空间无边无际,是无限的。但就具体事物而言,空间又有边有际,是有限的。空间是无限和有限的对立统一。具体的空间,有目共睹;而抽象的空间,则为事物的升华。根据事物的属性、发生和发展、状态,可将空间划分成许多大小不同而又有交叉的圈层和系统。物质在自然界的空间、圈层和系统内的运动,处于无序到有序,有序到无序的永恒相互转化之中。同样的,圈层和系统既有实质性的,如它们所形成的生态景观;也有抽象的和概念化的,如人们思想领域的各种思维。各种空间、圈层和系统,都有一定的自然组织层次,彼此不是孤立的,而是共同组成最高层次的人类总体生态系统(Total human ecosystem)简称 THE。     

基于多源数据的城市空间活力时空特征分析——以南京市河西、仙林新城为例

采用微信宜出行数据、传统规划数据,探索南京市河西和仙林新城的空间活力时空特征。结果发现:(1)在空间层面,河西呈"东高西低、北高南低"的集聚特征,仙林活力分布与高校区位高度匹配。(2)在时间层面,河西呈"降—升—降—升—降"的波动特征,仙林呈"降—升—平缓"的波动特征。(3)工作日的河西活力集中在居住区,休息日集中在商业区;仙林在工作日和休息日无差异,均分布在高校区及其周边的商业区。     

京津冀城市群城市发展质量与空间关系演化研究

通过构建复合指标体系，利用熵权法、空间自相关分析，结合GIS对2005、2010、2015和2019年京津冀城市群城市发展质量进行研究。结果发现：(1)各城市发展质量普遍提升，空间格局由“京—津双核心”向“京—津—石弱三核心”转变，中心城市与周边城市发展差距明显，基础设施建设水平与其他方面发展不协调；(2)空间相关关系反映出中心城市辐射带动作用水平相对较低，且京津冀南部与中东部发展差距较大。由此提出促进城市发展质量子系统协调、完善协同发展机制、坚持生态文明导向及同数字经济发展相结合的建议。     

北京市中心城区公共文化设施空间分布研究

采用点密度法得到北京文化设施的密度分布图,从设施数量、类型两个方面对其空间分布进行定量和定性探讨。采用基尼系数、区(带)别特化系数、区(带)间差异系数对其分布均衡状况进行测算,发现文化设施在空间分布上具有中间多而集聚、边缘少而分散、区际差异大、集中程度高、沿环线从内到外递减分布的特征;不同种类的文化设施分布特点不一,文化设施分布与人口分布呈现高度一致性,并向交通干道集聚的特点。     

The shifting sea: from soft space to lively space

It is widely acknowledged that marine spatial planning (MSP) should be responsive to the dynamism of the marine environment and the relatively tenuous human relationship with the sea. However, MSP remains conceptualised within rationalistic terms that limit this potential. This article places MSP within the context of spatial theory that holds greater promise for developing more progressive practice. Firstly, the interrelation of MSP with current notions of soft space (less formal, cross-cutting spatialities) is explored, suggesting that MSP is expressing some of the geographical and institutional freedoms of soft space, and may contribute new insights to this concept. Secondly, a progressive framework is developed that builds upon soft space principles. This draws in, on the one hand, underlying relational understandings of space, and on the other hand, insights from marine contexts. This leads to a picture of marine space-being-planned as lively space, expressing, amongst other things, the sea’s materiality. This concept is illustrated through an application of the framework to a strategic MSP exercise for the Baltic Sea region. Finally, it is suggested that MSP itself should be reconceptualised as immersed into this spatial ontology, with the agents and practices of planning taking their place within the wider assemblage of marine actants and relations.     

National aeronautics and space administration

The United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an important real and potential source of global environmental data. This paper describes some of its capabilities as they relate to the their R&D and their data centers.     

An approach to the acoustic design of outdoor space

This paper focuses on soundscape planning, or acoustic design, in the planning and management of open space in both urban and non‐urban areas. It is based on notions, promoted over several decades, that the acoustic aspects of open space can, and should be, subject to design in the same way as are the visual dimensions. The current paradigm for the management of the outdoor acoustic environment is noise control and soundscape planning needs to adopt quite different practices from noise control with respect to acoustic criteria and measurement. The paper explores the specification of acoustic objectives for outdoor soundscapes and the translation of these objectives into acoustic criteria that are amenable to measurement and prediction as part of the design process. Such objectives, termed Proposed Acoustic Environments, focus on the information content in sounds in a particular space and, only indirectly, on characteristics such as level or loudness. Outdoor acoustic design is mostly concerned with avoiding, or achieving, the masking of one set of information in the acoustic signal with other sets of information in the same signal. These are critical methodological issues if soundscape planning is to move from being a good idea to common practice. The paper sets out the elements of a process for the acoustic design or management of outdoor space.     

Quantification of hydrochloric acid and particulate deposition resulting from space shuttle launches at John F. Kennedy space center,Florida, USA

Observations of damage to vegetation, acute reductions in surface water pH, and kills of small fish prompted the Biomedical Operations and Research Office at the John F. Kennedy Space Center to initiate intensive environmental evaluations of possible acute and long-term chronic impacts that may be produced by repeated launches of the space shuttle. An important step in this evaluation was the identification of deposition patterns and the quantification of ecosystem loading rates of exhaust constituents from the solid rocket motors (SRMs) in the area of the launch pad. These constituents are primarily aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). During three launches of the space transportation system (STS-11, 13, and 14) up to 100 bulk deposition collectors, 83 mm in diameter containing 100 ml of deionized water, were deployed in a grid pattern covering 12.6 ha north of launch pad 39-A. Estimates of HCl and particulate deposition levels were made based on laboratory measurements of items entrained in the collectors. Captured particulates consisted of a variety of items including Al₂O₃, sand grains, sea shell fragments, paint chips, and other debris ablated from the launch pad surface by the initial thrust of the SRMs. Estimated ranges of HCl and particulate deposition in the study area were 0–127 g/m² and 0–246 g/m², respectively. Deposition patterns were highly influenced by wind speed and direction. These measurements indicate that, under certain meteorological conditions, up to 7.1 × 10³ kg of particulates and 3.4 × 10³ kg of HCl can be deposited to the near-field environment beyond the launch pad perimeter fence.     

Creating sense of community: The role of public space

A strong sense of community has been associated with improved wellbeing, increased feelings of safety and security, participation in community affairs and civic responsibility. Although interest in how the broader built environment influences sense of community is gaining momentum, there is a dearth of empirical research examining the association between sense of community and the quality of public space. This study investigates the relationship between four public spaces – Public Open Space (POS), community centres, schools and shops – and sense of community in residents of new housing developments in the Perth metropolitan area, Western Australia. Data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey (n = 911), a POS audit, and Geographical Information Systems, and analysed using linear regression. The perceived quality of neighbourhood POS and shops was significantly and positively associated with sense of community. This relationship appears to be unaffected by how frequently people use these spaces. High quality public spaces may be important settings for enhancing sense of community within residents of new housing developments.     

Making space for social inclusion in conceptualising climate change vulnerability

Impacts from climate change pose a raft of challenges for societies, governments and policy-makers internationally. The anticipated changes are well documented, including rising sea levels, increased floods and other extreme weather conditions. Much research and policy emphasis has focused on technical and economic aspects. Less debated are questions about different communities' vulnerabilities, inequitable distributional impacts, social justice issues and how vulnerability links to social inclusion/exclusion. This paper explores a case study mapping social exclusion and vulnerability in Brisbane, Queensland, which found that while communities can be vulnerable through physical aspects of an area when social dimensions are added to the equation it amplifies or exacerbates the scale of vulnerability. The findings also suggest that in developing research agendas and policy debates around climate change, there could be benefits from interlinking the currently separate areas of work on social vulnerability to extreme weather events, to forms and processes of social inclusion/exclusion.     

Community gardening: cultivating subjectivities,space, and justice

Community gardens have been lauded for being inherently resistant to neoliberalism and criticised for underwriting it. To move beyond this either/or debate, we need to employ more focused lenses and specify both the processes of neoliberalisation at play and the outcomes they can produce. This paper explores the ways in which neoliberal processes of privatisation, state entrepreneurialism, and devolution intersect with community gardens, and the subjectivities that may be cultivated, the spaces that may be created and the types of justice that may be advanced as a result. It argues that certain characteristics and orientations of gardens are more conducive to resisting neoliberalism. These include the cultivation of producer, citizen, and activist subjectivities (over those of consumer, entrepreneur, and volunteer); the elevation of the use value of shared lived space (over a site’s potential exchange value) and the advancement of spatial justice through community access to non-privatised space; and food justice, through non-commodified means of obtaining food. Holding these ends in mind can help ensure that proponents of community gardening sow the seeds of the fruits they most wish to reap.