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大庆油田开发后期为了进一步提高聚驱后驱油效果并实现降本增效经济开发,利用含油污水再 配制注入聚合物母液进行污水的资源化再利用,在此过程中,为解决因含油污水中离子成分影响致使配制聚合 物母液黏损大的实际问题,进行了抗盐聚合物作为驱油剂的先导试验和推广应用,部分区块由于抗盐聚合物分子量和分子结构的差异,导致采出液及其脱出水的基本性质和沉降分离特性也发生了较大变化。文章通过对前期室内模拟配制抗盐聚合物含油污水,以及后期实施抗盐聚合物驱油先导试验实际采出的抗盐聚合物驱采出水,进行油水沉降分离特性的研究得出:抗盐聚合物对采出水的油水沉降分离影响较大,相比聚合物驱含油污水处理难度大,其沉降时间应大于720min,才能确保油水沉降分离后的水中含油量小于100mg/L。 相似文献
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聚合物驱采出水处理工艺研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
聚合物驱油技术在大庆油田得到广泛应用,由于采出水粘度大、油珠粒径小,其处理难度大于油田常规水驱采出水。通过对聚合物驱采出水的特性分析,并在现场分别进行了以横向流除油器(串联DTH聚结器)和水力旋流器为主体的工艺试验。其工艺参数分别为:横向流除油器和DTH聚结除油器的处理量均为85 m3/h,有效停留时间为2.4 h。过滤器为石英砂、磁铁矿双层滤料,处理量为20 m3/h,过滤周期24 h,反冲洗时间为15 min,一次和二次过滤的滤速分别为12 m3/h和8 m3/h。试验结果表明:两种工艺均可代替现有的沉降过滤工艺处理聚合物驱采出水。 相似文献
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油水井小修作业施工时,在起下油杆、油管和清蜡作业中,油杆、油管会将井内油水带出地面,对作业施工现场和周围环境造成污染。为解决这一问题,研究开发了一套绿色环保修井作业配套装置。从油井修井作业过程中的起下油杆、起下油管、清蜡作业三道作业工序,控制井内油水的排放,减少对周围环境的污染,消除安全隐患,实现绿色环保作业,节约了作业成本,提高了经济效益。 相似文献
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DTC型采出水净化剂研究进展概述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
二硫代胺基甲酸盐(DTC)是一种高效、多功能采出水净化剂,它由二硫化碳与伯胺或仲胺反应生成二硫代胺基甲酸,然后再与碱反应而制备。其作用机理是与采出水中的铁或其它溶解金属反应形成絮体,絮体迅速聚结形成网状而包裹油,从而使油去除。DTC具有净化作用快,除油功效高,适用于分离、重力沉降和浮选等水处理过程。目前,国外DTC型冷水剂已发展到第三代。 相似文献
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考察含气量对脱水效果的影响,重点研究油水在沉降罐分离过程中,气体上浮对于水滴聚结沉降的影响。文章分别在有无破乳剂的条件下进行了研究,明确了含气量对火驱采出液的影响规律。实验结果表明:在不加破乳剂的情况下,少量气体对脱水基本没有影响,当含气量较大时,大量气体上浮会干扰乳状液的絮凝过程,使脱水效果变差;而在加入破乳剂的情况下,由于破乳剂对脱水的促进作用,使得含气量的变化对热化学脱水影响不大。 相似文献
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测定了江苏油田黄珏污水站原水中油珠粒径分布,为合理选择和设计污水处理工艺与装置提供了必要的基础数据。实验测定江苏油田黄珏污水站原水含油量为62.3 mg/L。该站的三相分离器具有较好的油水分离能力。原水中浮油(粒径≥99.4μm)占8.3%,粒径≥28.4μm的分散油占14.3%,而粒径≤28.4μm的分散油、浮化油等约占77.4%。单纯采用重力沉降法可除去原水中22.6%的含油量。同时对油珠粒径分布测定方法进行了改进。新方法减少了水样含油量的测定工作量,且设备简单、操作方便。 相似文献
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近年来基于培养和非培养方法研究油藏微生物的报道已经不少,但鲜有基因组总DNA提取技术与微生物检出性的报道。文章通过对长庆油田Q2YG138140油井采出液进行现场分类分级处理,将原样本即时分为 油相及水相(分成4种孔径(10.00,1.00,0.22,0.10μm)膜滤)作为研究对象,结合自主原油基因组总DNA提取技 术对该油井采出液样本进行菌群分析。结果表明:油相样本共检出11门、25纲、43目、66科和78属,水相样本共检出17门、35纲、64目、105科和150属。该自主提取方法对油藏常见多种菌门及菌属基因组DNA的提取均具有 较好的适用性。油相中,检出11属为“其它”,相对丰度10.02%;水相中,检出26属为“其它”,相对丰度17.34%,6属为未分类,相对丰度0.40%,该方法针对未知微生物和生物量相对较低的极端环境微生物仍均具有一定的 检出能力。4种滤膜(10.00,1.00,0.22, 0.10μm)分别检出10门、8门、10门和13门,59属、65属、79属和82属。0.10μm滤膜检出的菌群多样性明显多,进一步表明该自主提取方法适用于油水微生物的多样性分析。 相似文献
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Trametes versicolor decolorized 2000 mg L(-1) of the mono-azo substituted naphthalenic dye Amaranth with no dye sorption observed visually. The changes in the toxicity were assessed over a period of 30 d for the dye-treated viable culture, control (no dye added), and a boiled culture treated with dye, using the Microtox Acute Toxicity assay. Before dye addition, the culture filtrate had some toxicity, which increased after the dye addition. The toxicity of the dye-treated culture decreased during the treatment. The loss of toxicity occurred at the same time, with the loss of color suggesting that detoxification is associated with decoloration. The change in pH was due to natural metabolic processes and had a small effect on detoxification. Because the toxicity of the treatment was similar to that of the control at the end of the treatment, the effluent seems to be safe for release into the environment, potentially rendering this treatment suitable for industrial application. 相似文献
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城镇化是推动我国经济社会发展的重要动力,在高速发展的同时,带来大量污染排放,威胁乡村环境质量与可持续发展。在对乡村生态环境问题剖析的基础上,从战略、实施、方式等层面探索解决思路,围绕科学规划、发展方式、基础建设、管理机制、宣传教育等方面分析关键点,加强乡村环境保护,保障城镇化建设健康发展,为促进农村农业持续发展提供持久动力。 相似文献
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泵站树状给水管网流量具有随机性,而这种随机性变化会直接影响管网的建设费用和动力费用.针对这-特点,应用随机规划原理,建立泵站树状给水管网机会约束模型,编写基于随机模拟的遗传算法程序求解该模型.机会约束模型能较客观地反映该管网的实际工况,使优化设计结果更符合实际. 相似文献
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Sudipta B. Sarmah B. Das A. Garg L. Gao R. K. Pai 《International Journal of Green Energy》2020,17(8):510-520
ABSTRACT Estimation of State of Health (SoH) of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is essential to predict the lifespan of batteries of an electric vehicle (EV). The efficient prediction of battery health indicates to the effective and safe operation of EV. However, delivering an effective and accurate method for the estimation of SoH in the real condition is truly a challenging task. The present study proposed a holistic procedure of combining both experimental and numerical investigations to conduct the fundamental study on coupled mechanical-electrochemical behavior of Li-ion battery. The proposed investigation highlighted the effect of stress on the capacity of the battery, considering capacity fade as an equivalent parameter to its health for real-time estimation of SoH. Finally, a simple model of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is provided, which shows the linear dependency of stress with the SoH. The results obtained from the ANN model are validated with a Linear Regression (LR) model for a better understanding of the inspection. The predicted value of mean Square Error (MSE) and R square error in the ANN training model are found to be 0.000309 and 0.849687, respectively. Whereas for the test model, these predicted values are found to be 0.000438 and 0.819347, respectively. 相似文献
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A previous study using respondents in a London regional audience appreciation diary panel showed that links existed between overall amounts of the viewing of television recorded across one week and levels of perception of risk of three hazards to life, namely lightning, flooding and terrorist bomb attacks. With a fourth hazard, cancer, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between perceived risk level and amount of viewing. At the same time there were no relationships between amounts of viewing of news and documentary material and perceived risks of any of 12 hazards. Two new surveys were done, nearly three years after the previous one, asking people in widely different regions about their perceptions of nine various hazards, and linking these results with measures of attitudes towards certain adaptations of new technology (which could prove hazardous or beneficial according to points of view) and to patterns of television viewing. The two surveys agreed on a wide number of points with each other; they agreed with the previous study in finding no steady relationships between information programme viewing and hazard perception. Lightning and flooding were again related, this time more specifically with viewing of particular types of television programming. A new finding is that heavier viewing of television sport is associated with less perceived risk of cancer and of nuclear pollution. Interpretations are generally favoured along the lines of a selective process of viewers with certain predispositions choosing certain kinds of viewing patterns, rather than that programme contents provide an example for formulating perceptions and attitudes. 相似文献
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开发白洋淀旅游资源的制约因素与对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者在实地调查研究的基础上,认为制约白洋淀旅游业发展的因素主要有水位不稳、水质受到污染、旅游项目内容贫乏、参与性差、景区文化氛围不和谐,以及管理不到位。作者提出,应努力保持其水位稳定,加强流域内污染治理,理顺管理体制,建立白洋淀湿地保护区,加大旅游资源开发和宣传力度,丰富旅游的文化内涵等来保证白洋淀旅游的可持续发展。 相似文献