基于ETM影像多种特征的CART决策树分类——以延边州为例

分类回归树(CART)是一种非参数化的分类与回归方法,在用于遥感影像自动分类时,可方便地应用多源知识,提高分类精度.以延边州试验区土地利用/覆被分类为例,利用分类回归树分析从训练样本中集中发现分类规则,集成遥感影像的光谱特征、纹理特征和辅助地学特征进行分类试验,并与传统的最大似然分类方法进行比较.结果表明,基于CART的决策树分类结果的总精度和Kappa系数分别为90.37%和0.8863,分类精度比MLC监督分类方法有明显提高.     

多尺度遥感数据在生态环境状况评价中的不确定性研究——以四川省松潘县为例

2018年四川省生态环境监测总站逐步完成了全省范围基于高分辨率遥感影像的解译数据代替之前基于中等分辨率影像的解译数据的工作。通过2018年松潘县两套解译数据用于生态环境质量评价的对比分析,探讨数据应用的可靠性。结果表明,尽管保证了各自数据的准确率,两套数据土地利用/覆盖各生境类型面积仍有较大差异,并直接导致生态环境状况指数(EI)相差较大。认为遥感产品的尺度效应及人机交互解译中制图者的经验、主观性是差异产生的主要因素,应探索适用于生态遥感监测的尺度转换方法并加强制图者的培训。     

基于QuickBird影像目视解译在土地利用类型调查中的应用——以遂宁市船山区新桥镇为例

利用高分辨率的QuickBird影像数据,对遂宁市船山区新桥镇的土地利用类型进行调查,参照四川省"金土地工程"农业地质遥感综合调查工作方案,通过对图像进行适当的处理,建立较为准确的解译标志,采用人工目视解译结合人机交互式解译的综合判读方法,从图像上获取相对准确的土地利用类型信息.     

高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用分类

高分辨率遥感影像在我国土地利用动态监测中展现出良好的应用前景,但与此相关的关键技术问题亟待解决.结合Ikonos影像,分析高分辨率遥感影像的特点,并在我国土地利用现状类型划分的基础上,针对高分辨遥感影像土地利用分类这一关键技术问题,概述常规分类方法,提出一套适宜高分辨率遥感影像土地利用分类的技术路线.     

临朐县生态环境状况动态变化分析

利用遥感影像解译的土地利用数据分析了山东省临朐县2011—2015年的土地利用变化,同时根据《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ 192-2015),对该区域生态环境状况进行综合评价,对生态环境指标变化情况进行对比分析。结果表明,2011—2015年临朐县的生态环境状况为"良",生态环境质量无明显变化。     

太湖缓冲带土地利用现状及变化

在太湖缓冲带范围确定的基础上,为从宏观尺度上了解近些年来太湖缓冲带内的土地利用与生态变化情况,购置了20世纪80年代、1995年、2000年和2007年4个时期的遥感影像,并进行了解译分析。通过对4个时期的遥感解译分析,将缓冲带内的土地利用类型主要分为农田、林地、草地等9种类型,最终解译结果得出太湖缓冲带内农田是最主要的土地利用方式,现面积占32.01%;其次为林地、城镇农村及工交建设用地、水库坑塘等,面积分别占27.56%、18.7%和14.28%;此外还有小部分的滩地、草地、湖泊、河渠及其他用地等。这说明农田面源污染是缓冲带内主要污染源之一。     

基于高分辨率遥感影像的城市土地利用景观格局分析

以IKONOS卫星遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术的支持下,获取了泸州市区的土地利用类型。借鉴景观生态学的基本原理和方法,基于Fragstats 3.3软件,用景观格局指数定量分析了泸州市区土地利用景观格局的特征。分析结果表明,泸州市区土地利用景观类型丰富,景观多样性程渡高,景观类型均匀程度也较高,但优势景观类型不明显;由于人类干扰程度较大,土地利用景观破碎,稳定性较差。     

基于"3S"技术的城郊森林公园土地利用问题分析——以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例

近年来城郊森林公园发展很快,然而城郊型森林公园的土地利用问题的研究却很少。分析了城郊森林公园土地利用的特点,并以武汉市马鞍山森林公园为例,借助3S技术,以1989年、1995年、1998年、2005年遥感影像为主要数据源,分析了马鞍山森林公园土地的现状、变化及存在的问题,并提出了建议。     

TM遥感影像解译数据中线状及细小地物的扣除

随着高分辨率遥感影像的普遍使用和对遥感影像解译数据精度的更高要求,对于TM遥感影像解译数据中一些线状及细小地物如道路、沟渠、田埂、林带、居民点等由于未能解译而混入其它类型中,造成某个类型面积的增加或减少的问题亟待解决。本文利用影像融合技术,根据工作中的实际情况,主要对耕地中的线状和细小地物的扣除方法进行了描述。     

限制开发生态区生态系统服务价值评价

以宁夏泾源县为例,以遥感影像为数据源,采用生态系统服务价值估算法,并引入敏感系数,对研究区土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值变化进行分析。结果表明:研究期间研究区土地利用变化显著;生态系统服务价值整体呈现上升的变化趋势,林地和水域的生态系统服务价值贡献率最大;单项生态系统服务价值中,水源涵养和土壤形成与保护的贡献率最大,其次是生物多样性和气体调节,粮食生产的贡献率最低;研究区不同土地利用类型的敏感系数均小于1,说明所用的生态系统服务价值系数合理,研究结果可信。     

How knowledge is used in collaborative environmental governance: water classification in New Brunswick,Canada

Collaboration is an increasingly important approach to dealing with complex environmental challenges. Participation of diverse actors in collaborative processes necessitates attention to the use of different forms of knowledge. We use a multi-case study of governance for water in New Brunswick, Canada, to explore knowledge-related concerns that are prominent in collaborative processes. As is common in other contexts, local or lay (experiential) forms of knowledge appeared to play complementary but ultimately subordinate roles to expert technical and scientific knowledge in the cases. Importantly, we found that the distinction between ‘expert’ and ‘local’ knowledge was not at all clear for the many participants. This study reinforces the importance of designing reflexive and flexible processes for encouraging the active engagement and use of knowledge in collaboration.     

浅析知识经济时代的高校会计模式

知识经济时代理想的高校会计目标观念应当是决策有用性与管理责任的有机结合,既注重决策有用性,又不轻视管理责任;假设将被系统化、集成化模式所替代.因而,事件驱动模式代替顺序化会计处理程序,事项会计取代价值会计.     

高校科学管理的几点思考

高校深入学习实践科学发展观活动的开展，要求在加强教育教学管理工作中逐步确立科学发展观，以系统的管理理论为基础，坚持以人为本、凸显观念创新和机构创新的管理思想，切实提高高校党政领导驾御全局、领导学校可持续快速发展的能力。     

Technical assessment and public perception of environmental issues: the case of the Municipality of Pisa

The different approach of specialists and general public to environmental topics has often led to contrasting positions. After decades of strong debate, however, there seems to be a growing agreement on the need for overcoming a mere contraposition in favour of an integration of opinions. This paper aims to contribute to the topic by shifting the setting into the urban environment, through the case of Pisa Municipality, Italy. It compares the scenarios described by the latest State of the Environment Report – expression of the technical evaluation – with the perception of citizens measured by a direct survey. Results were first used to investigate any disagreements about quality of environmental matrices, entity of pressures exerted on them and characteristics of determinants. They were then used to identify the range where the integration of the two positions might be pursued and finally collect, in view of future policies, indications on locally adoptable key factors and strategies.     

Local Cultural Knowledge and Water Resource Management: The Wind River Indian Reservation

Ecology and culture comprise interacting components of landscapes. Understanding the integrative nature of the landscape is essential to establish methods for sustainable management. This research takes as a unifying theme the idea that ecological and cultural issues can be incorporated through management. As a first step in developing integrative management strategies, information must be collected that compares and contrasts ecological and cultural issues to identify their areas of intersection. Specifically how can local cultural knowledge enable water resource management that reflects cultural and ecological values? This research examines Native American cultural knowledge for setting water resource management priorities in the Wind River Indian Reservation in central Wyoming. A cross-cultural approach is adopted to assess the relationship between indigenous cultural knowledge and Euro-American perspectives through a comparative examination of the Wind River Water Code and Wyoming Water Law. This research indicates that cultural perspectives provide a rich arena in which to examine management issues. Understanding and identifying cultural practices may be an important first step in collaborative resource management between different cultural groups to prevent conflict and lengthy resolution in court.     

Developing a framework for integrating local and scientific knowledge in internationally funded environment management projects: case studies from Kien Giang Province,Vietnam

Local and scientific knowledge, when adequately and properly integrated, produces enormous benefits for natural resource management in comparison to a single knowledge system being used. Adequate and proper integration has major constraints that include ineffective use of the integrated knowledge, thoroughly inclusive processes, and true public participation. A six-stage framework is developed using the results and conclusions of two case studies regarding sustainable management of eroding mangrove-dominated muddy coasts in Vam Ray, Hon Dat district, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. The framework does not stop with the creation of integrated knowledge, but should undergo a longer process. The new knowledge developed in this framework is the understanding gained and lessons learnt during the testing of products of multiple knowledge systems in a local context rather than products of integrated knowledge systems themselves. The Vam Ray framework promotes a high level of participation, effective use of products of multiple knowledge systems, maximum integration of local and scientific knowledge, local ownership, and sustainability. Therefore, the Vam Ray framework adds a new dimension to the literature in relation to integration of local and scientific knowledge in natural resource management.     

Making environmental policy work with civic science: the intermediary role of expert citizens at the Japanese local level

The aim of the present article is to examine the importance of public participation in the production and use of environmental science, with special reference to “expert citizens” who can facilitate and mediate between expert knowledge and lay people. The study of expert citizens is largely unexplored in Japan's environmental policy. As uncertainty, inherent in the complexity of environmental science, increases, there are calls for refashioning expert knowledge into a more citizen–expert interactive governance. In the USA, the way that lay people can participate in scientific knowledge application and policy-making is organised through grassroots and national environmental organisations, such as the National Resources Defense Council. In Japan, such professional associations that build networks of interaction with scientific experts, policy-makers, interest groups and the media, have yet to emerge on a wider scale. Nonetheless, voluntary citizens individually or collectively have developed their expertise over many years and have begun to play an intermediary role at the local level. This article will analyse the potential roles of expert citizens by conducting the case studies of two Japanese localities, Shiki and Joyo cities.     

植物修复研究的知识谱图分析

为了解有关植物修复研究领域的研究热点、发展趋势、核心作者及研究机构,通过检索1999~2020(3.18)年共21年CNKI数据库中有关植物修复研究的文献,利用CiteSpace软件绘制关于植物修复研究的知识谱图,并进行文献可视化分析。结果表明:近21年来该研究领域发文数量呈波动式增长态势;我国植物修复研究近年来主要分布在重金属污染修复领域,以重金属污染、土壤、黑麦草、生态修复、超富集植物等为主要关键词;骆永明、吴龙华、周启星、陈同斌、林立金、王丹等是主要发文作者;我国植物修复研究近年来呈局部集中,总体分散的特征,主要研究机构为西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院、中国科学院大学/中国科学院研究生院、中国科学院南京土壤研究所等;我国植物修复研究自1999年开始,1999~2003年为起步初探阶段,2004~2015年为稳定发展阶段,2016~2020(3.18)为快速增长阶段。研究为我国未来植物修复研究提供了一定的借鉴和指导。     

Managing environmental knowledge through unlearning in Spanish hospitality companies

The Spanish hospitality industry is facing environmental challenges which require organizations and individuals to learn new skills and practices and create new environmental knowledge. Understanding the nature and role of prior knowledge for sustainable development is a necessary step towards understanding if new environmental practices will be adopted successfully. This research focuses on unlearning and its impact on environmental knowledge by carrying out an empirical investigation of the unlearning context in 127 Spanish hospitality companies. The findings indicate that a process for consolidating emergent understandings would appear to be an intermediary step between the forgetting of old knowledge and the application of new environmental knowledge. Consequently, it is important that managers provide an appropriate unlearning context to support the openness of individuals to new ideas and environmental awareness. Otherwise, individuals may be fearful of or confused by the prospect of unlearning old habits and routines.     

Developmental Processes, Changing Lifestyle and Traditional Wisdom: Analyses from Western Himalaya

Traditional knowledge and practices are important in prudent resource use and biodiversity conservation. The implications of modernization and changing lifestyle are discussed in the context of agriculture and resource use, the two sectors in which maximum modernization has occurred. The information was gathered through observations and structured interviews over three years (July 1996 to July 1999) of field work in the western Himalaya. It was observed that forest based subsistence agriculture has given way to the market dependant cash crop cultivation. That apart from loss of genetic diversity, has also resulted in the degradation of forests. The use of wild plants in the day-to-day activities has also declined and dependence on high value market products has increased. Currently, wild plants are used only if no other cheap substitute is available in the market or if the use is economically beneficial to the people. Thus, the knowledge gathered through ages of experience is eroding because of the activities geared for short-term economic benefits which, in long run, may not be sustainable.