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本文基于国内已有的相关政府引导基金和环保基金的运行管理模式,经分析和比较提出适合中央和地方层面环保类引导基金的运行管理模式。除了要符合基金运作的一般规律,本文认为中央层面设立政府环保类引导基金适合契约制形式,引导基金内只有中央财政出资,按照母基金参股子基金的方式来运作,同时达到撬动社会资本和引入先进基金管理公司的目的;地方层面设立相应基金适合采用有限合伙制形式,直接吸引社会资本与政府共同建立引导基金,投资方式以直接投资为主、参股子基金为辅,可以发挥金融机构的融资优势和环保类专业机构的技术和经验优势。 相似文献
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为探讨环境保护型政府性基金安全问题,选取了废弃电器电子产品处理基金为例,运用演化博弈的方法,分析了基金补贴的虚报、冒领行为。分析结果表明:由于补贴标准较高、抽查频次较少等原因,废弃电器电子产品处理基金的虚报、冒领行为具有演化稳定策略,这与当前实际情况相符。要保障基金安全,加大查处力度和设置合理标准都十分重要。政府应结合环境保护型政府性基金特点,定期开展绩效评估,根据评估结果优化基金配置,确保基金用在环境保护的"刀刃"上。 相似文献
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读了贵刊一九八五年第二期钟澜同志“应建立社会公害救济基金”一文后,深有同感,赞成其基本观点。在此提出几点意见,作为建立公害救济基金问题的补充: 1、关于建立社会公害救济基金(以下简称公害基金)的法律依据问题。建立社会公害救济基金尚无法可依,建议在环保法中增加有关建立社会公害基金的内容。 2、国家环保委员会应制定《社会公害救济基金条例》。该条例内容应包括:公害基金管理机构和权限;公害基金收缴范围和办法;环境污染受害者动用公害基金申请方法和 相似文献
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关于环境公益诉讼赔偿资金的归属,我国实践中有环保部门主管、纳入国库、纳入法院指定账户、纳入专项账户等不同归属模式,但在其管理与使用方面,我国尚且存在诸如地方生态环境损害赔偿资金管理办法名称不统一、资金使用系统不透明、社会公众査询难、地方行政机关干预过多、资金监管机制不健全等问题。本文拟建议设立"全国生态环境损害赔偿基金",对环境公益诉讼产生的损害赔偿金以及各地方未统一管理的环境保护资金等相关资金进行统筹与规范,以期推进我国生态环境损害赔偿资金制度的完善。为此,需要明确生态环境损害赔偿基金的资金来源,规范生态环境损害赔偿基金的使用、监督机制,明确环保部门的监督职责,构建资金使用的信息公开制度,强化环保组织的监督权,在此基础上进一步对生态环境损害赔偿基金制定严格的管理办法,以规范并指导基金的有效运作。 相似文献
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党的十八大提出了"美丽中国"的新理念,并把生态文明建设放在突出地位,节能环保受到社会各界的广泛关注。但是,目前我国环保产业还存在诸多的问题,突出表现为环保技术创新不足。文章从激活环保产业发展的内在机制的角度出发,分析了企业家精神、科研队伍建设以及资金投入对环保技术创新的影响,并在此基础上提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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新古典经济学理论认为,严格的环境规制会提高污染治理成本,挤占技术创新活动的资金,对技术创新产生"挤出效应"。而"波特假说"认为,长期内适当的环境规制政策将对企业的科技创新活动起到刺激性推动作用,可弥补因规制而增加的额外成本,从而形成"创新补偿效应"。这个观点表明环境规制对于企业的技术创新可能存在非线性影响效应。另外,技术创新要经历研究开发阶段与成果转化阶段,即从资源投入到产生经济效益的过程。本文基于系统观和创新链视角,创新性地构建两阶段关联DEA模型测算技术创新活动的投入产出效率,并运用中国2011——2017年间的省级面板数据进行回归检验,探讨环境规制强度对研究开发阶段和成果转化阶段技术创新效率的非线性影响效应,同时将中国划分为东部、中西部两大区域分别考察,进一步揭示环境规制对技术创新效率影响的空间异质性和阶段性特点,最后提出相应政策建议。 相似文献
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Burning municipal solid waste (MSW) can generate energy and reduce the waste volume, which delivers benefits to society through resources conservation. But current practices by society are not sustainable because the associated environmental impacts of waste incineration on urbanized regions have been a long-standing concern in local communities. Public reluctance with regard to accepting the incinerators as typical utilities often results in an intensive debate concerning how much welfare is lost for those residents living in the vicinity of those incinerators. As the measure of welfare change with respect to environmental quality constraints nearby these incinerators remains critical, new arguments related to how to allocate the fair fund among affected communities became a focal point in environmental management. Given the fact that most County fair fund rules allow a great deal of flexibility for redistribution, little is known about what type of methodology may be a good fit to determine the distribution of such a fair fund under uncertainty. This paper purports to demonstrate a system-based approach that helps any fair fund distribution, which is made with respect to residents' possible claim for fair damages due to the installation of a new incinerator. Holding a case study using integrated geographic information system (GIS) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for finding out the most appropriate distribution strategy between two neighboring towns in Taipei County, Taiwan demonstrates the application potential. Participants in determining the use of a fair fund also follow a highly democratic procedure where all stakeholders involved eventually express a high level of satisfaction with the results facilitating the final decision making process. It ensures that plans for the distribution of such a fair fund were carefully thought out and justified with a multi-faceted nature that covers political, socio-economic, technical, environmental, public health, and industrial aspects. 相似文献
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Anthony Donnellan 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(1):13-23
The National Water Commission (NWC) and the $2 billion Australian Government Water Fund (the fund) has drawn attention to
the need for innovative and adaptive practices for water use. The NWC and the fund, whilst a critical and catalytic step in
the recognition of the current water situation in Australia, has thus far neglected to consider the systemic failures of the
water, irrigation and related industries that led to this point. The underlying issue of the efficient allocation of water
resources can be resolved by the harmonisation of competing demands (economic, social and environmental) and the establishment
of governance structures to reduce institutional impediments. The linking of the fund to National Competition Council (NCC)
payments is an important consideration in this process. This paper will argue that governance reform and institutional (re)alignment
to remedy the impediments to the efficient allocation of water resources needs to be embedded in and linked to national competition
policy principles. This paper will consider the NWC in this context with the aim of informing future policy to consider the
systemic failures of the water industry and to forge institutional change for the more effective allocation of water. 相似文献
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建立和完善环保产业资金助动系统 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
没有一个有序高效的环保资本市场,缺乏强有力的资金支持系统是障碍环保产业快速发展的根本问题。本文在调查研究和探索实践的基础上,建议在资金筹划、分配及使用上引进市场机制,发挥市场在资金运作方面的调节作用,引导资金向环保产业流动,促进环保产业快速发展。 相似文献
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概述了自1999-2009年以来,我国第一个用于支持科技型中小企业技术创新的政府专项基金—科技型中小企业技术创新基金,对中小环保企业快速发展的支持和促进作用;提出环保企业应充分利用技术创新基金,推动环保产业更快发展。 相似文献
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James J. Patterson Dave Huitema 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(3):374-398
Urban governance systems need to be adaptive to deal with emerging uncertainties and pressures, including those related to climate change. Realising adaptive urban governance systems requires attention to institutions, and in particular, processes of institutional innovation. Interestingly, understanding of how institutional innovation and change occurs remains a key conceptual weakness in urban climate change governance. This paper explores how institutional innovation in urban climate change governance can be conceptualised and analysed. We develop a heuristic involving three levels: (1) “visible” changes in institutional arrangements, (2) changes in underlying “rules-in-use”, and (3) the relationship to broader “governance dilemmas”. We then explore the utility of this heuristic through an exploratory case study of urban water governance in Santiago, Chile. The approach presented opens up novel possibilities for studying institutional innovation and evaluating changes in governance systems. The paper contributes to debates on innovation and its effects in urban governance, particularly under climate change. 相似文献
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构建了高技术产业创新资源绩效评价的投入产出指标体系,利用《美国科学工程分类指标年鉴》及经济合作与发展组织(OECD) 1995-2011年高技术产业活动相关数据,运用超效率DEA模型和区域差异测度锡尔指数对全球28个国家或地区的高技术产业创新资源绩效及各区域创新资源绩效差异进行分析.结果显示:①全球28个国家或地区的高技术产业创新资源绩效水平呈现两级分化趋势.其中,新加坡、瑞士、瑞典、美国4个国家的得分较高,排名靠前,其他国家或地区绩效水平较低.②欧洲、美洲、亚洲-大洋洲之间的高技术产业创新资源绩效水平差异呈现缩小趋势,欧洲区域内部高技术产业创新资源绩效水平差异呈现逐年扩大趋势. 相似文献
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入世给我国带来了一定的环境压力,主要表现在资源消耗、污染进口和产业冲击三方面.外商投资增长及外国人入境消费可能引起资源过度消耗,环境风险较大的项目和危险废弃物也可能乘机而入.受国外环保产业和环保服务业的冲击,我国相关产业面临严峻挑战.现阶段,我国的法规标准和公众意识是影响入世所带来的环境压力的两个重要因素.缓解环境压力的举措需要遵循两个原则:制度改革和管理改革结合的原则;短期措施和长期战略结合的原则. 相似文献