危险废物焚烧处置烟气达标排放研究

危险废物安全处置是固体废物管理的重点,杭州市危险废物及医疗废物处置项目采用回转窑焚烧炉,配合二燃室、余热锅炉以及烟气处理系统,采用急冷塔、反应塔、布袋除尘和洗涤塔对烟气进行处理。监测表明,通过对送入窑内焚烧的危险废物进行配比并在污染物脱除系统中添加消石灰和活性炭,以及采用布袋除尘后,可以实现污染物达标排放。     

高校化学实验室污染调查及清洁生产方案的初探

高校化学实验室污染是普遍存在的现象，文章通过对成都理工大学化学实验室污染状况进行调查，在对教学计划中各系实验课程及其污染物排放情况调查基础上，又对废物的排放情况进行了统计。结果显示，危险废物排放量约为1．4t／a，占实验室污染物排放总量的43．46％，针对化学实验室污染物的产排情况及具体特点，制定了相应的清洁生产管理方案，并以将废物处理引入学生第二课堂作为创新点进行了阐述，将清洁生产技术与实验室建设管理相结合，以实现教育发展与环境保护的协调发展。     

50所长江沿岸高校实验废液排放情况调查与分析

目的：了解长江沿岸高校实验室废液排放情况及现状。方法：以问卷调查方式，对长江沿岸高校实验室操作程序、管理制度、废液排放情况进行调查。结果：38％的高校管理制度不完善，68％的高校实验操作不规范，44％的学校环保意识宣传不到位，62％的高校实验废液未处理就直接排放。结论：高校实验室正成为长江生态环境恶化的污染源．我国应制定和完善相关法律，加强实验废液处理，杜绝高校成为长江水质污染新的根源。     

环境监测实验室的废液处理

环境监测实验室的废液一直没有进行规范化管理，随着环境监测标准化站的建设和实验室认可工作的开展，环境监测实验室的废液污染应引起重视。文章简要阐述了环境监测实验室废液的来源及废液的收集原则，详细介绍了环境监测实验室常用有机溶剂的回收技术，提出了含不同污染物的实验室废液的处理方法。     

固废管理法规将进一步完善

第五届固体废物管理与技术国际会议日前召开。我国每年产生工业固体废物约15亿吨、工业危险废物约1000万吨、城市生活垃圾约1．484亿吨。固体废物管理将进一步完善固体废物管理法规、标准和制度建设,形成长效管理机制;加快基础设施建设和管理,尽快形成固体废物无害化处置能力;加强固体废物监督管理工作,重心下移,监管到位。     

第二届"固体废物管理与技术国际会议"在北京召开

在国家环境保护总局的支持下,继2005年危险废物管理政策与处理处置技术国际会议成功举办后,第二届固体废物管理与技术国际会议于2007年7月18～19日在北京清华大学召开.会议由清华大学、国家环境保护总局固体废物管理中心、中国环境科学学会固体废物委员会和国家环境保护总局危险废物管理培训与技术转让中心主办,巴塞尔公约亚太地区协调中心承担组织工作.     

我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2011年发展综述

综述了我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2011年发展概况;介绍了目前国内大宗固体废物资源化技术、危险废物处理技术、餐厨垃圾处理技术、废油资源化技术的进展情况;提出要以循环经济理念治理固体废物污染,并分析探讨了城市层面发展循环经济的共性技术;就行业的发展提出了建议。     

含油污泥处理中石油烃控制指标研究＊

石油烃含量是含油污泥处理中必不可少的重要控制指标。文章分析了含油污泥中石油烃组成及主要污染控制要求，介绍了国内外含油污泥处置对石油烃含量的控制现状；依据危险废物鉴别标准的相关规定，以及对原油中芳香族化合物及其多环芳烃含量的研究成果，对采用石油烃指标进行危险废物鉴别做了推论计算。结果认为：含油污泥等固体废物及其处理残余物的石油烃含量≤0.25％，不属于危险废物或已实现无害化处理；石油烃含量介于0.25％～1.7％时，其是否属于危险废物，最终需要进行危险废物鉴别而确定；石油烃含量＞1.7％，则属于危险废物或未实现无害化。     

固体废物处理利用行业2015年发展综述

阐述了2015年我国固体废物处理利用行业的发展环境,分析了一般工业固体废物的产生量和利用情况、危险废物和其他固体废物产生和处理情况,针对行业发展存在的主要问题提出了有关建议。     

物联网在危险废物监管信息化建设中的应用

基于物联网的概念,在湖北省危险废物监管物联网系统武汉城市圈一体化危险废物监管物联网体系项目的统一构架下,通过对危险废物监管物联网系统的探索与实践,实现对危险废物源头的监管、对转移的全过程监管、对危险废物申报和审批的监管以及建立危险废物应急预警机制,以提高湖北省危险废物管理能力建设,实现固体废物管理由传统人工管理方式向现代化智能管理方式的跨越发展。     

南京市工业系统资源环境减量投入分析

本文将物质减量图解应用于工业系统的资源环境减量投入上,对南京市工业系统1986～2004年的资源环境的使用强度和减量化水平进行了计算和分析。结果表明,南京市工业系统的资源环境使用强度在评价期间逐年降低,2004年的工业用水、能源消耗、废水排放、废气排放和“固废”排放的强度分别为1986年的18.14%、15.14%、4.36%、14.95%、15.72%;在评价期间南京市工业系统只有工业废水实现了绝对减量排放;而水耗、能耗、废气排放和“固废”排放四项指标均没有实现绝对减量,致使在此期间南京市工业系统水耗增加了384100.66万吨,能耗增加了1409.32万标准吨煤,废气排放量增加19852018.00万立方米,“固废”增加排放603.26万吨。     

Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar es Salaam City

Industrial and medical wastes constitute a larger part on what is known as ‘hazardous wastes’. The production of these wastes is and will continue to be an on going phenomenon as long as human civilization persists. The health impacts of direct and indirect exposure to hazardous wastes include carcinogenic effects, reproductive system damage, respiratory effects, central nervous system effects, and many others. Today, many developed countries have legal provisions with regard to proper management of hazardous wastes. Tanzania, like many developing countries, has little emphasis on the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. There is a serious inadequacy in handling industrial and medical solid wastes in the Dar es Salaam City. Improper waste deposition is increasingly becoming a potential public health risk and an environmental burden. Due to poor control of waste, industrialists and hospital owners are not well checked on how they handle and dispose of the wastes they produce with the result that many hazardous wastes reach the Vingunguti dumpsite without notice. Data on waste generation in Dar es Salaam is also inadequate, making it difficult to plan an efficient solid waste system. Promotion of public awareness, legislation and regulations enforcement and establishment of a proper sanitary landfill are considered to be principal remedial measures to ensure sound environmental maintenance. This paper summarizes the findings of the study on the practices of industrial and medical waste management in Dar es Salaam. The author aims to express the inadequacy in hazardous waste management and suggests possible measures to be applied in order to rectify the situation.     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

Municipal solid waste generation in Kathmandu, Nepal

Waste stream characteristics must be understood to tackle waste management problems in Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), Nepal. Three-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to evaluate solid waste data collected from 336 households in KMC. This information was combined with data collected regarding waste from restaurants, hotels, schools and streets. The study found that 497.3 g capita(-1) day(-1) of solid waste was generated from households and 48.5, 113.3 and 26.1 kg facility(-1) day(-1) of waste was generated from restaurants, hotels and schools, respectively. Street litter measured 69.3 metric tons day(-1). The average municipal solid waste generation rate was 523.8 metric tons day(-1) or 0.66 kg capita(-1) day(-1) as compared to the 320 metric tons day(-1) reported by the city. The coefficient of correlation between the number of people and the amount of waste produced was 0.94. Key household waste constituents included 71% organic wastes, 12% plastics, 7.5% paper and paper products, 5% dirt and construction debris and 1% hazardous wastes. Although the waste composition varied depending on the source, the composition analysis of waste from restaurants, hotels, schools and streets showed a high percentage of organic wastes. These numbers suggest a greater potential for recovery of organic wastes via composting and there is an opportunity for recycling. Because there is no previous inquiry of this scale in reporting comprehensive municipal solid waste generation in Nepal, this study can be treated as a baseline for other Nepalese municipalities.     

浅析含油污泥处理中石油烃控制指标

石油烃含量是含油污泥处理中必不可少的重要控制指标。文章分析了含油污泥中石油烃组成及主要污染控制要求,介绍了国内外含油污泥处置对石油烃含量的控制现状;依据危险废物鉴别标准的相关规定,以及对原油中芳香族化合物及其多环芳烃含量的研究成果,对采用石油烃指标进行危险废物鉴别做了推论计算。结果认为:含油污泥等固体废物及其处理残余物的石油烃含量≤0.25%,不属于危险废物;石油烃含量介于0.25%～1.7%时,其是否属于危险废物,最终需要进行危险废物鉴别而确定;石油烃含量1.7%,则属于危险废物。     

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL IN LAND1

Since the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in 1962 there has been a rapidly growing public concern over widespread contamination of the environment with hazardous wastes. In recent years scientific findings on the ecological effects of various hazardous substances have posed several important questions. What exactly are hazardous wastes? Can these substances be disposed of in a technically feasible, economical, and safe way with assurance that they have been permanently eliminated from the ecosystem? What compositional alterations or movements of the hazardous wastes occur in water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air systems? What effect will these wastes have on the water, soil, or air properties? Consequently, a University of Louisville study has developed a relevant definition of hazardous wastes for the Environmental Engineering profession together with priority of concern rating systems to delineate the degree of environmental impact imposed on a total ecosystem by a hazardous waste and the feasibility of disposing of hazardous substances at specific landfill sites. It is felt that refinements of the priority of concern rating systems offered here may provide a sound basis from which procedural decisions may be structured to establish future national hazardous waste disposal sites.     

Biogas production from pistachio (Pistaciavera L.) de-hulling waste

Pistachio processing wastes create significant waste management problems unless properly managed. However, there are not well-established methods to manage the waste generated during the processing of pistachios. Anaerobic digestion can be an attractive option not only for the management of pistachio processing wastes but also producing renewable energy in the form of biogas. This study investigated anaerobic digestibility and biogas production potential of pistachio de-hulling waste from wet de-hulling process. Best to our knowledge, this is the first report on biogas production from pistachio de-hulling waste. The results indicated that (1) anaerobic digestion of pistachio de-hulling wastewater, solid waste, and their mixtures in different ratios is possible with varying levels of performance; (2) 1 L of de-hulling wastewater (chemical oxygen demand concentration of 30 g/L) produced 0.7 L of methane; (3) 1 L of de-hulling wastewater and 20 g of pistachio de-hulling solid waste produced 1.25 L of methane; and (4) 1 g of de-hulling solid waste produced 62.6 mL of methane (or 134 mL of biogas).     

浙江省环境污染与经济发展关系的实证研究

本文在环境库兹涅茨曲线假设基础上,采用1991—2014年浙江省环境和经济数据,运用回归模型对其环境污染与经济发展的关系进行实证检验。结果表明:浙江工业废水、工业废气、工业SO2排放量和工业固体废弃物产生量均符合EKC假设,其中工业SO2和工业废水人均排放量与人均GDP呈倒U形关系,拐点分别出现在2005年与2010年;工业废气排放量和工业固体废弃物产生量尚处于倒U形左侧上升阶段,其中工业固体废弃物人均产生量已接近拐点。而生活污水排放量与EKC假设并不相符,人均生活污水排放量与人均GDP呈单调递增的线形关系。对EKC驱动因子的分析表明,加强政府环境治理,以不断完善的环境法规推动产业结构升级调整,以持续的技术进步与创新促进关键行业节能减排,有利于克服规模效应,推动浙江环境污染与经济发展的关系早日实现解耦。