浙江台州典型电子废弃物无序拆解区土壤多环芳烃污染风险评估

电子废弃物的无序拆解会导致其中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的无规律释放,进而对周边生态环境和人体健康构成威胁。为了量化电子废弃物无序拆解区土壤中PAHs的含量及其对人体健康的风险,本研究从浙江省台州市路桥区某典型电子废弃物无序拆解区采集了3个作坊式电子废弃物拆解点、3个作坊式塑料或金属加工点和1个电子废弃物拆解尾渣倾倒点的土壤样品,以气相色谱-质谱联用法和美国环保署规定的暴露量化及风险表征方法为分析手段开展PAHs含量分析及其风险评估。结果发现:上述7个土壤样品PAHs的总量范围为32.62～1053.71μg/kg,平均为414.05μg/kg,其中一个作坊式电子废弃物拆解点的PAHs含量属于重污染级别,土壤存在强烈的环境风险,单体菲(Phe)、蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Fla)和芘(Pyr)对环境风险的贡献率最大。此外,PAHs通过不同途径对人体造成的健康风险程度为呼吸途径﹥皮肤接触﹥经口途径。结果表明,电子废弃物无序拆解区土壤PAHs污染急需建立相关环境管理措施及污染控制标准,逐步规范电子废弃物无序拆解活动。     

德国双元系统对电子废弃物回收的启示

本文回顾了德国双元系统在包装物回收领域取得的成功，探讨了此系统应用于电子废弃物回收的可行性与优势。针对电子废弃物的特性，本文提出了一系列相应的改进措施，使德国双元系统能够适用于电子废弃物的回收。     

四川仁寿球溪河流域总磷形态特征研究

为了解仁寿县球溪河流域总磷(TP)形态特征,于2018年6月对流域48个点位进行采样,分析流域TP组成及空间变异性。仁寿县球溪河流域TP以溶解态无机磷(DIP)为主,占比达到70.3%(sd.=18%)。不同支流、不同河段TP形态特征有所差别,与沿程地形地貌、土地使用类型、人口分布相关。上游河段受农业面源及山区河道冲刷影响PP比例相对较高;中游及下游受生活污染为主,DIP比例升高;部分支流下游河段受沉积物再悬浮及农业面源输入影响,PP比例有所升高。     

KH-550对废PCBs非金属粉/PP复合材料性能的影响

对回收的纸基印刷线路板非金属粉表面硅烷化处理,研究了硅烷偶联剂KH-550最佳用量和对非金属粉/PP复合材料的力学性能以及耐热性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜对复合材料的界面进行研究。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂的最佳用量为非金属粉质量的1.5%;经偶联剂表面处理非金属粉与PP基体树脂能够形成有效的界面粘结,与未处理非金属粉的PP复合体系相比,其力学性能和热性能得到明显提高。硅烷偶联剂KH-550在一定程度上能够改善复合材料的性能。     

射频识别技术在电子废弃物回收中的应用

电子废弃物产量大、毒害重、资源性显著的特性已经引起人们广泛关注,电子废弃物的回收管理已成为研究热点,利用信息化技术管理电子废弃物回收工作将是未来发展的趋势。本文简要概述了无线射频识别技术(Radio Fre-quency Identification,RFID)及依赖其识别特性和准确定位追踪的技术优势在各领域的广泛应用,继而从提高电子废弃物回收效率、利于全程管理和记录电子产品信息3个方面,对无线射频识别技术在电子废弃物回收中的应用优势进行了重点评述,并分析了其在电子废弃物回收管理过程中的重要意义。同时,结合目前无线射频识别技术在城市生活垃圾收运管理中的研究成果,对今后电子废弃物信息化回收管理做出了展望。     

强酸弱碱型两性离子交换纤维的制备II-磺化及吸附性能研究

在预辐照PP纤维接枝苯乙烯和4-乙烯基吡啶的基础上,通过进一步的磺化,制得了系列强酸弱碱两性离子交换纤维,本文采用元素分析、红外光谱、电子能谱等手段对纤维的结构进行了分析,采用化学滴定、原子吸收光谱等方法对两性纤维的性能进行表征,探索两性纤维对水溶液中金属离子交换吸附的应用前景。     

园林废弃物与污泥协同堆肥的绿化应用

通过在园林废弃物堆肥中添加不同比例污泥进行混合堆肥实验,研究堆肥过程中温度、pH值等指标变化情况,探究堆肥产物应用于绿化行业的可行性。研究发现:园林废弃物堆肥中添加一定量的污泥,能优化堆肥环境,堆肥效果较好;比例适宜的混合堆肥表现出升温速度、高温期时间、腐熟效率、安全性等方面具有一定优势;目前我国园林废弃物资源化比例较低,混合堆肥产物可作为土壤改良基质进行土地利用,实现资源化利用,促进园林绿化产业发展。     

国外电子废弃物的回收利用技术

本文介绍了国外电子废弃物（WEEE）的回收利用情况，着重介绍了电子废弃物中金属的回收技术，为国内电子废弃物的回收处理提供了一定的借鉴和参考。     

推进电子废弃物回收利用

2011年海峡两岸电子废弃物回收利用技术与设备展览会最近在北京举办,这是国内首届专门针对电子废弃物回收利用企业举办的展览会。我国是全球电器电子产品的第一生产、消费大国,电子废弃物回收处理产业,与传统的单质再生材料回收利用有本质区别,突出表现在科技含量高、商务模式复杂、运作流程长及受相关政策影响大等方面。     

铁负载季胺化复合改性芦苇秸秆制备工艺

以芦苇秸秆为原材料,通过铁负载及季胺化改性的方式制备了新型复合吸附除磷材料。利用扫描电镜分析(XRD)、红外吸收光谱(IR)对样品进行了表征,选择磷酸盐作为吸附质考察其吸附性能,并通过单因素和响应面法优化了材料制备的工艺。实验结果表明,复合材料制备最优工艺条件为:氢氧化钠浓度7.7%、交联温度81℃、铵化温度80℃、铁盐浓度24%。各因素对复合材料吸附磷的影响顺序为:铁盐浓度交联温度氢氧化钠浓度胺化温度。     

废弃LCD的处理及其铟的回收技术

伴随着我国电子产业的蓬勃发展,电子产品生产及其废弃产生的金属资源浪费问题也日趋严重,国家在“十二五”规划中提出了新型液晶显示屏（LCD）的开发及其资源化回收处理,可见LCD的处理和从其废弃物中提取铟的技术亟待深入研究。本文介绍了LCD显示屏和主要含铟部件ITO材料之间的关系、生产和使用状况,重点详述了LCD和ITO材料资源化处理的研究现状,系统地总结了铟的回收方法,并展望了未来电子废弃物的处理方向。     

The implementation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material in the production of structural grade concrete and mortar: An overview

The timber manufacturing and power generation industry is gradually shifting towards the use of biomass such as timber processing waste for fuel and energy production and to help supplement the electrical energy demand of national electric gridlines. Though timber processing waste is a sustainable and renewable source of fuel for energy production, the thermal process of converting the aforementioned biomass into heat energy produces significant amounts of fine wood waste ash as a by-product material which, if not managed properly, may result in serious environmental and health problems. Several current researches had been carried out to incorporate wood waste ash as a cement replacement material in the production of greener concrete material and also as a sustainable means of disposal for wood waste ash. Results of the researches have indicated that wood waste ash can be effectively used as a cement replacement material for the production of structural grade concrete of acceptable strength and durability performances. This paper presents an overview of the work carried out by the use of wood waste ash as a partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete mixes. Several aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of wood waste ash, properties of wood waste ash/OPC blended cement pastes, rheological, mechanical and the durability properties of wood waste ash/OPC concrete mix are detailed in this paper.     

施入城市生活垃圾堆肥对玉米植株重金属分布及土壤养分的影响

以玉米为供试作物,研究施入生活垃圾堆肥对土壤和玉米各器官重金属分布规律及对土壤养分的影响。结果表明：连续3年施肥,土壤速效养分的含量明显增加;土壤重金属呈现累积,但含量远远低于二级土壤标准（GB 15618—1995）;植株中重金属含量表现为根部〉茎秆〉叶片〉籽粒,Cd在植株根部富集,但未大量向其他部位转移,玉米植株地上部分重金属含量明显低于饲料卫生标准（GB 13078—2001）。由此推断,在短期内（3年）,年施入60 000 kg·hm^-2的垃圾堆肥能提高土壤肥力,且暂时不会引起土壤重金属污染,也不影响玉米植株的饲用;使用多年后应及时监测,以保证安全性。     

HPLC—ICP—MS法测定农业废水中有机砷与无机砷的方法研究

建立了应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）和电感耦合等离子质谱（ICP—Ms）联用技术测定农业水环境样品中三价砷（Aslll）、一甲基砷（MMA）、二甲基砷（DMA）、五价砷（AsV）4种砷形态的分析方法。试验表明,4种砷形态的线性范围宽（1-300μg·L-1）,相关系数（r）均大于0．9990,方法检出限低（0．7～0．98μg·L-1）,精密度好,重复测定7次结果的RSD均小于5％。通过计算加标回收率验证方法的准确性,加标回收率为94％～112％。实际样品的测定结果显示,农田废水中砷的主要存在形态为As（V）,其次为As（Ⅲ）。     

废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物性质研究

等离子体热解废弃轮胎的产物包括可燃气、固体产物两部分,本文利用工业分析、元素分析、SEM扫描、XPS表面分析、NMR分析等手段考察了等离子体热解固体产物的特性,并与轮胎工业用碳黑做了对比研究。研究结果表明,废轮胎等离子体热解固体产物可作为热解碳黑进行回收利用。     

Assessment of the coherence of the Swiss waste wood management

Waste wood recovery by thermal treatment with energy recovery or by recycling allows the substitution and conservation of primary resources. Swiss government notes the potential presence of tensions between policies which simultaneously encourage the cascade use of wood, the recycling or the energy recovery by thermal treatment of waste wood. The aim of the present research is to assess the coherence of waste wood management in Switzerland by a quantitative and qualitative approach. First, a material flow analysis allows to model the wood resources and waste wood metabolism over one century. The simulation results of various scenarios of waste wood management establish that the additional impacts of the immediate thermal treatment are less significant for the reduction of CO₂eq emissions but more significant for the energy production than its cascade treatments on Swiss territory. Secondly, a documentary analysis examines the determinants of the current waste wood treatments prevailing in Switzerland. Thus, the causes of the strong presence on Swiss territory of the sector of thermal treatment, the export of almost half of waste wood generated and the sub-exploitation of Swiss forest act as barriers or drivers that result in introducing a crowding-out effect where no amount of waste wood is available for recycling in Switzerland. The comparison of the results of the two approaches leads to the conclusion that the current waste wood management is coherent in relation to the various goals of the Swiss federal policies but the waste wood potential for energy production is not fully exploited. The recommendations on the waste wood management and the possibilities to use the model for other case studies are given in the conclusion.     

Recycle of bio-waste banana and sisal fiber filled harmlessness epoxy hybrid composite for automotive roof application

Insists of polymer matrix composite is prepared by using natural fiber facilitates high tensile, flexural, and impact toughness properties. The natural fiber utilization in the polymer matrix can overcome the synthetic fiber demerits of poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and high cost. The present research investigates developing a low-cost, environmentally eco-friendly epoxy hybrid composite using different volume percentages of chopped natural waste banana (0Vol%, 5Vol%, 10Vol%, and 15Vol%) and sisal fiber (0Vol%, 15Vol%, 10Vol%, and 5Vol%) through hand mould hot compression technique. The presence of natural waste banana and sisal fiber on tensile strength, flexural strength, and thermal adsorption properties of the epoxy hybrid composite are evaluated by ASTM test standards. The ASTM standard measured test results of epoxy hybrid composite with and without natural waste banana and sisal fiber were compared and sample three was identified by good tensile strength, flexural strength, and better thermal adsorption properties compared to all others. The sample three epoxy hybrid sample is recommended for automotive roof application.     

道路车辆电工电子设备高加速寿命试验

成熟的汽车企业已经将高加速环境应力试验引入装车电工电子设备的研发、试产和批量供货的管理中,其需求已进入国内检测市场。本文以已发布的车企文件为基础,介绍并讨论高加速寿命试验（HALT）的各项要素和实验室要求。高加速应力筛选（HASS）和稽核（HASA）另行拟文讨论。     

Environmental benefits of substituting talc by sugarcane bagasse fibers as reinforcement in polypropylene composites: Ecodesign and LCA as strategy for automotive components

The auto industry is compelled to improve its environmental performance, namely by making use of renewable materials and cleaner manufacturing processes with lower energy intensity, and at the end-of-life of the auto, recyclable products and materials are desirable specifications that need to be considered at an earlier design stage, i.e., promoting the ecodesign. This paper provides an analysis of such a strategy for a material that is used extensively in the auto industry, namely polypropylene composites, as we have quantified the environmental impacts when sugarcane bagasse-reinforced polypropylene substitutes for talc-filled polypropylene (PP). To achieve these goals, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed for the two alternatives, from raw extractions to the end-of-life (EOL) phase of sugarcane bagasse-PP and talc-PP composite, where data gathered in different industries in Brazil were included in the LCA GaBi software. Our analysis shows that in addition to similar mechanical performance, natural fiber composites showed superior environmental performance throughout the entire life cycle. This superior performance is because: (1) in the cultivation phase, sugarcane absorbs carbon through the photosynthesis process while growing, thus reducing the global warming impact of the materials used; (2) the production process is cleaner; (3) sugarcane bagasse-reinforced composites are lighter for equivalent performance, which reduces the amount of polypropylene used; and (4) the economic reuse proposed for the EOL sugarcane bagasse-PP composite was the best alternative to minimize environmental impacts.     

城市发展与水环境污染的研究

本文研究了城市发展与水环境污染的关系。运用灰色关联分析表明,对水污染排放的影响程度大小依次为:人口密度(γ1=0.4456)工业发展(γ3=0.3498)环保投入(γ2=0.2656)。通过弹性系数预测法分析了上海废水排放与人均GDP的发展趋势。