飞机防雷和接地要求

飞机接大地是保证飞机安全，保护地勤人员免遭电击的重要措施。本文对安全接地的重要性进行了理论分析，并介绍了接地电阻的测量方法和降低接地电阻的措施。     

接地引下线导通电阻测试仪校准方法

本文介绍了接地引下线导通电阻测试仪的用途、原理及其技术指标,参考DL/T845.6-2022《电阻测量装置通用技术条件第6部分接地引下线导通电阻测试仪》中对接地引下线导通电阻测试仪的性能要求,提出了接地引下线导通电阻测试仪的计量性能要求、测量标准、校准项目和校准方法,并对电阻参数的测量不确定度进行了评定,可做为接地引下线导通电阻测试仪校准的方法参考和技术依据。     

车载接地装置的冲击接地阻抗研究

为解决车载装置在不同路面的接地问题,我们研制了可迅速安装和撤收的便携式接地装置,并选取一种组合在不同岩土介质地面上进行了实验,测得各自的冲击接地阻抗。然后,采用时域有限差分法对实验装置进行了数值分析,得出了该接地装置冲击接地阻抗的时域特性。与实验结果进行对比的结果表明,两者具有较好的一致性。     

接地对手持机电磁屏蔽效果影响的研究

本文探索运用屏蔽理论减少手持机对人体的电磁辐射过程中的接地因素对手持机近场电磁屏蔽效果的影响。     

电子仪器使用过程与市电和接地的关系

电子仪器在国防科研、生产和人们的日常生活中起到越来越重要的作用。正常使用电子仪器会给我们的工作和生活带来许多有利的因素，而仪器的使用过程中市电的供应、接地的好坏又是直接影响仪器工作决定条件。本人在多年的实际工作过程中遇到一些具体的问题，在这里提出些见解，仅供参考。     

复合接地体的分析方法与数值计算

本文在假设接地体为等电位的前提下,利用有限元法对复合接地体的接地阻抗、接地体电流引起的大地表面电位分布、接触电压、跨步电压进行了分析,并提出了一种算法。这种算法可用于各种复合接地体的设计与分析。文中根据这种算法计算了一种复合接地体的接地电阻、大地电位分布、接触电压、跨步电压等,并与实验结果进行了比较,证明本文提出的算法是行之有效的,可供工程设计参考使用。     

电除尘器接地系统行业标准解读

电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工,不仅会直接影响电除尘器性能和效率,也会影响其它控制系统的正常工作。本文从电除尘器的工作特性出发,解读了电除尘器标准中有关接地的各项要求,并希望通过此文能对规范电除尘器接地系统的设计和施工有所帮助。     

车载式接地装置的相关试验研究及时域分析

为了研究车载接地问题，研制了可迅速安装和撤收的便携式接地模块。以多个接地模块组成十字型和一字型组合接地装置，模块之间用多芯铜绞线相连。利用接地实验系统对组合接地装置进行试验，同时对实验系统建模，采用时域有限差分法进行数值分析。通过对一字型和十字型接地装置进行实验研究及数值分析，得出两种组合接地装置的优劣。     

某型导弹环境试验系统供电和接地研究及改进

为解决某型导弹环境试验系统故障诊断问题,采用整体化思想,制定研究思路,对导弹环境试验系统供电和接地进行研究,总结了导弹环境试验系统供电与接地的现状,依据电路、电磁兼容和抗干扰理论,进行全面分析,指出现存导弹环境试验系统的不足,提出导弹环境试验系统改进方法并跟据该方法对环境试验现场进行改进,改进后的某型导弹环境试验系统,解决了由接地引起的故障,为工厂其它大型试验系统的供电和接地提供有力的理论参考。     

阻性耦合产生的通信局(站)地电位的分布及防护措施

本文论述了中性点有效接地高压输电系统发生接地故障时,由于阻性耦合,其附近的通信局(站)地网上的地电位分布,根据不同的接地故障位置选择相应的模型推导出相应的地电位升公式。并提出了通信局(站)的相应防护措施。     

秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测

通过对大量实际数据的分析,得到了影响秦皇岛市地面塌陷的主要因素有历史条件、地质条件、人为条件。在此基础上,建立了秦皇岛市地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型,模型包括3个层次、3个条件,对研究区划分了8 070个单元格并进行计算,得到地面塌陷危险性分区结果。该地面塌陷模糊层次综合预测模型的预测结果符合研究区实际情况,具有较高的可信度。     

Ground cover impacts on nitrogen export from manured riparian pasture

Maintaining ground cover of forages may reduce the export of nitrogen (N) from pastures. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on N export from pastured riparian areas receiving simulated rainfall. Plots were established on two adjacent sites in the North Carolina Piedmont: one of 10% slope with Appling sandy loam soils and a second of 20% slope with Wedowee sandy loam soils. Both sites had existing mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) vegetation. Forage stands were modified to represent a range of ground cover levels: 0, 45, 70, and 95% (bare ground, low, medium, and high cover, respectively), and amended with beef steer (Bos taurus) feces and urine (approximately 200 kg N ha-1). For all rain events combined, mean nitrate N export was greatest from bare ground and was reduced by 34% at low cover, which did not differ from high cover. Mean ammonium N export was slightly elevated (approximately 1.37 kg N ha-1) in months when manures were applied and negligible (<0.02 kg N ha-1) in all other months. For all rain events combined, mean export of total N was greatest from bare ground and was reduced by at least 85% at all other cover levels. Whereas site did not impact N export, results indicated that cover and time of rainfall following manure deposition are important determinants of the impact of riparian grazing.     

Ground cover impacts on sediment and phosphorus export from manured riparian pasture

Maintaining pasture ground cover is important in preventing environmental degradation of grasslands and associated riparian areas. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on sediment and P export from pastured riparian areas under simulated rainfall events. Plots were established on two sites in the North Carolina Piedmont: a 10% slope with Appling sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) and a 20% slope with Wedowee sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults), both with mixed tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) vegetation. Existing forage stands were modified to represent a range of ground cover levels: 0, 45, 70, and 95% (bare ground, low, medium, and high cover, respectively), and amended with beef steer (Bos taurus) feces and urine (about 10 kg P ha(-1)). Mean runoff volume from bare ground was generally twice that observed from low, medium, and high levels of cover, which were similar. For all rainfall events combined, export of dissolved reactive P was greatest (P < 0.1) at bare ground and was reduced 31% at low cover, which did not differ from medium or high cover. Mean total Kjeldahl P export was greater (P < 0.001) from bare ground than from other cover levels. Results indicate that riparian bare areas can contribute substantial sediment (>215 kg ha(-1)) and P (0.7 kg P ha(-1)) to surface waters during heavy rainfall, whereas export may be reduced equally well by low cover (45%) as by high cover.     

Spatial Prediction of Ground Subsidence Susceptibility Using an Artificial Neural Network

Ground subsidence in abandoned underground coal mine areas can result in loss of life and property. We analyzed ground subsidence susceptibility (GSS) around abandoned coal mines in Jeong-am, Gangwon-do, South Korea, using artificial neural network (ANN) and geographic information system approaches. Spatial data of subsidence area, topography, and geology, as well as various ground-engineering data, were collected and used to create a raster database of relevant factors for a GSS map. Eight major factors causing ground subsidence were extracted from the existing ground subsidence area: slope, depth of coal mine, distance from pit, groundwater depth, rock-mass rating, distance from fault, geology, and land use. Areas of ground subsidence were randomly divided into a training set to analyze GSS using the ANN and a test set to validate the predicted GSS map. Weights of each factor’s relative importance were determined by the back-propagation training algorithms and applied to the input factor. The GSS was then calculated using the weights, and GSS maps were created. The process was repeated ten times to check the stability of analysis model using a different training data set. The map was validated using area-under-the-curve analysis with the ground subsidence areas that had not been used to train the model. The validation showed prediction accuracies between 94.84 and 95.98%, representing overall satisfactory agreement. Among the input factors, “distance from fault” had the highest average weight (i.e., 1.5477), indicating that this factor was most important. The generated maps can be used to estimate hazards to people, property, and existing infrastructure, such as the transportation network, and as part of land-use and infrastructure planning.     

The Role of Ground Water in Generating Streamflow in Headwater Areas and in Maintaining Base Flow1

Abstract: The volume and sustainability of streamflow from headwaters to downstream reaches commonly depend on contributions from ground water. Streams that begin in extensive aquifers generally have a stable point of origin and substantial discharge in their headwaters. In contrast, streams that begin as discharge from rocks or sediments having low permeability have a point of origin that moves up and down the channel seasonally, have small incipient discharge, and commonly go dry. Nearly all streams need to have some contribution from ground water in order to provide reliable habitat for aquatic organisms. Natural processes and human activities can have a substantial effect on the flow of streams between their headwaters and downstream reaches. Streams lose water to ground water when and where their head is higher than the contiguous water table. Although very common in arid regions, loss of stream water to ground water also is relatively common in humid regions. Evaporation, as well as transpiration from riparian vegetation, causing ground‐water levels to decline also can cause loss of stream water. Human withdrawal of ground water commonly causes streamflow to decline, and in some regions has caused streams to cease flowing.     

老油田地面系统优化与环境保护

针对老油田地面系统存在的环保问题,文章从油田地面工艺与环境保护结合的角度,通过采用地面工艺优化简化、老油田数字化管理升级改造、伴生气综合利用、新工艺新技术等,系统总结长庆油田对于老油田地面系统在环保方面的处理方法。有利于保护油区环境、降低老油田环境污染事故的发生频率,为下一步工作提供借鉴。     

山东省地下水资源的开发利用

山东省地下水资源分布不均,各地开发利用程度差别较大.本文论述了近年来该省地下水在开发利用过程中存在的问题及其对环境的影响,提出了合理开发地下水资源的对策与措施.     

Ground water stratification and delivery of nitrate to an incised stream under varying flow conditions

Ground water processes affecting seasonal variations of surface water nitrate concentrations were investigated in an incised first-order stream in an agricultural watershed with a riparian forest in the coastal plain of Maryland. Aquifer characteristics including sediment stratigraphy, geochemistry, and hydraulic properties were examined in combination with chemical and isotopic analyses of ground water, macropore discharge, and stream water. The ground water flow system exhibits vertical stratification of hydraulic properties and redox conditions, with sub-horizontal boundaries that extend beneath the field and adjacent riparian forest. Below the minimum water table position, ground water age gradients indicate low recharge rates (2-5 cm yr(-1)) and long residence times (years to decades), whereas the transient ground water wedge between the maximum and minimum water table positions has a relatively short residence time (months to years), partly because of an upward increase in hydraulic conductivity. Oxygen reduction and denitrification in recharging ground waters are coupled with pyrite oxidation near the minimum water table elevation in a mottled weathering zone in Tertiary marine glauconitic sediments. The incised stream had high nitrate concentrations during high flow conditions when much of the ground water was transmitted rapidly across the riparian zone in a shallow oxic aquifer wedge with abundant outflow macropores, and low nitrate concentrations during low flow conditions when the oxic wedge was smaller and stream discharge was dominated by upwelling from the deeper denitrified parts of the aquifer. Results from this and similar studies illustrate the importance of near-stream geomorphology and subsurface geology as controls of riparian zone function and delivery of nitrate to streams in agricultural watersheds.     

油田开发对地下水水源地的影响及对策分析

分析了在油田开发工程可能对水源地产生影响的三类事故,筛选出风险最大的事故是注水井井壁泄漏事故。采用地下水中污染物三维迁移转化模型和MODFLOW、MT3D模拟计算软件对某地下水水源地可能受到的石油类污染进行数学模拟,并针对模拟结果提出了污染预防和控制措施。     

新疆地区地温采暖技术的应用探讨

针对寒冷地区建筑物的采暖方式，介绍一种新型的区域供暖方式－－地温水源热泵（地温中央空调）供暖系统，为寻找新型供暖方式提出了环保安全、绿色节参采暖制冷新理念。