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高校生活垃圾分类回收及资源化探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对高校生活垃圾组成的调查,探讨了教学区、宿舍区、食堂等区域生活垃圾的分类回收模式,并对废纸、废塑料、废金属、废电池、餐厨垃圾等资源化利用的可行性进行了分析,建议通过加强宣传工作,健全管理机制,完善资源化市场体系等途径对高校生活垃圾进行分类回收及资源化。 相似文献
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《中国环保产业》编辑部 《中国环保产业》2009,(7):40-40
为落实国务院促进扩大内需鼓励家电“以旧换新”政策,保障“以旧换新”过程产生的废旧家电得到妥善拆解处理,推动《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》(国务院令第551号,以下简称《条例》)的贯彻落实,环境保护部日前发布了《关于贯彻落实家电以旧换新政策加强废旧家电拆解处理环境管理的指导意见》(以下简称((指导意见》),要求试点省市环保部门提高认识,明确思路,切实做好废旧家电拆解处理的组织实施和监督管理工作。 相似文献
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以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。 相似文献
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电子废弃物的无序拆解会导致其中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)的无规律释放,进而对周边生态环境和人体健康构成威胁。为了量化电子废弃物无序拆解区土壤中PAHs的含量及其对人体健康的风险,本研究从浙江省台州市路桥区某典型电子废弃物无序拆解区采集了3个作坊式电子废弃物拆解点、3个作坊式塑料或金属加工点和1个电子废弃物拆解尾渣倾倒点的土壤样品,以气相色谱-质谱联用法和美国环保署规定的暴露量化及风险表征方法为分析手段开展PAHs含量分析及其风险评估。结果发现:上述7个土壤样品PAHs的总量范围为32.62~1053.71μg/kg,平均为414.05μg/kg,其中一个作坊式电子废弃物拆解点的PAHs含量属于重污染级别,土壤存在强烈的环境风险,单体菲(Phe)、蒽(Ant)、荧蒽(Fla)和芘(Pyr)对环境风险的贡献率最大。此外,PAHs通过不同途径对人体造成的健康风险程度为呼吸途径﹥皮肤接触﹥经口途径。结果表明,电子废弃物无序拆解区土壤PAHs污染急需建立相关环境管理措施及污染控制标准,逐步规范电子废弃物无序拆解活动。 相似文献
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只有选择合理的拆解方式,并对其结果进行评价与分析,才能对车企产品的防腐研究具有重要的指导意义。对腐蚀试验车的拆解进行简述,并对拆解后如何进行评价提出个人的观点。 相似文献
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随着我国铜冶炼(原生铜和再生铜)行业对含铜二次资源需求量的增加,集废旧资源回收、拆解和分选、二次资源出售、铜再生利用于一体的产业链逐渐发展壮大起来。然而高能耗、高污染、低质量、低产出的特点在再生铜行业依然存在,环境监管政策和标准也不健全不完善。随着人们对美丽生态环境诉求的增加,必须加强有色金属行业的环境管理。本文对再生铜行业发展和环境管理做了一些思考,特别是对再生铜行业环境管理存在的问题进行了分析,并针对问题提出了几点政策性建议,以期为我国再生铜产业的环境友好发展和环境监管提供借鉴。 相似文献
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The circular economy is an essential component of China's sustainable development. To promote the recycling of end-of-life products, the government has adopted various policies. Steel scrap is an important resource for steelmaking. Yet, the Chinese iron and steel industry uses less scrap to produce new steel compared to other large steelmaking countries. This article examines the reasons, why steel recycling is still relatively weak in China and what measures the government takes to improve the situation. We found that limited availability of scrap, high scrap prices, inadequate steelmaking capacities, industry fragmentation and unclear responsibilities for manufacturers are the main obstacles for steel recycling in China. The government is trying to improve steel recycling through tax incentives, import facilitation, support for supply, industry reorganization, and recycling parks, but with modest results. 相似文献
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Zinc is one of the most widely applied nonferrous metals in China. Study on the applications and recurrent situation of zinc resources is of great strategic importance for the sustainable development of China's economy. In this paper, a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) method has been adopted to analyze quantificationally zinc resources in China, as well as to analyze and predict the quantity of zinc product scrap and their recycling situation. The weighted average method was applied to calculate average lifetimes of six major zinc products in China. The average lifetimes of battery, zinc oxide, zinc die-casting alloys, zinc material products, galvanized zinc and brass are 0.17, 5.3, 11.1, 12, 21 and 30 years, respectively. Assuming the lifetime of zinc product group obeys the Weibull distribution and the consumption of zinc products varies linearly with time, the future consumption and scrap generation of zinc products will increase continuously. It is expected that they would increase from 49% to 76% during 2004–2020, respectively. Assuming the recycling rate remains unchanged with time, the zinc old scrap index, both the theoretical and actual values, would continue increasing in China. The values are expected to reach 0.402 and 0.076 by 2020, respectively. Therefore, the regeneration resource of depreciated zinc is actually insufficient in China. According to the scenario analysis, the actual value of old scrap indexes is positively correlated with the recycling rate of zinc products. Because galvanized products are the largest consumption area of zinc products in China, the influence of their recycling rate on old scrap index is obviously larger than other zinc products. Through the analysis, this paper suggests that the increase of the recycling rate of zinc products could not only improve to a certain degree China's relative shortage of zinc resources, but greatly relive the supply pressure of zinc in the world. 相似文献
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Closed-loop recycling of steel in automobiles is particularly difficult because of the low tolerance for impurities and the use of composites of various types of steel products. Technologies that reduce impurities or increase impurity tolerance must be developed and introduced to the steel recycling system at the appropriate time. This study evaluated the feasibility of closed-loop recycling in the automobile industry in China. Material pinch analysis combined with dynamic modeling of the life cycle of steel sheets used in the manufacture of automobiles was employed to estimate the amount of steel sheet scrap available for closed-loop recycling and the amount of copper contamination in the scrap. The results indicate that by 2050, more than half of the old steel sheet scrap generated annually will have to be down-cycled because of its high copper contamination. However, scenario analyses of three types of technologies for mitigating the problem of copper contamination showed the potential for increasing the amount of old scrap used in closed-loop recycling. In particular, improving copper tolerance in the steel production process could be effective both now and in 2050. 相似文献
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China is the largest steel producer and consumer around the world. Quantifying the Chinese steel flow from cradle to grave can assist this industry to fully understand its historical status and future options on production route transformation, capacity planning, scrap availability, resource and energy consumption. With the help of the systematic methods combined dynamic MFA (material flow analysis) with scenario analysis, the Chinese steel cycle during the first half of the 21st century was quantified and several thought-provoking conclusions were draw. In the past decade, lots of pig iron or molten iron was fed into EAF (electric arc furnace) and the scrap usage of EAF fluctuated slightly. Thus, the real scrap-EAF route share is much lower than the EAF production share. On the other hand, we reconfirmed that the scrap supply in China will rise significantly in the future. Meanwhile, the secondary production route share will grow sharply and exceed primary production share before or after 2050 depending on our options. The scrap recycling rate and construction's lifetime play a vital role in this trend. In the end, an intensive discussion on production capacities’ adjustment and energy and resource consumption was conducted and relative policy suggestions were given. It is worth noting that scrap usage is crucial to future energy saving and emissions reduction of Chinese steel sector and its energy consumption might peak as early as 2015. 相似文献
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Graeme Hoyle 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,15(3-4)
The purpose of this paper is to review, and draw attention to, issues raised by the recycling of wrought aluminium from motor cars, even though the time horizon for significant arisings of such aluminium scrap is in the order of 20 years from now. Recycling of specific grades of wrought aluminium will be viable only when a means of positively identifying different types of scrap is available. A solution must be reliable, rapid, and low-cost; probably used in conjunction with a vehicle shredder. Such a system of identification will eliminate the need for costly hand-dismantling and segregation. Simple segregation of cast and wrought alloy will, however, be essential when wrought aluminium from car bodies dominates the scrap arisings. Such segregation will produce two high-value scrap products. The first of which will be similar to the A380 casting alloy specification, maintaining the current supply of this scrap, and the second will be a composite of wrought alloys. These issues are relevant to the aluminium scrap industry, which will have to accommodate future changes in the composition of the scrap it receives, and the motor industry, which may adopt in-house recycling of wrought alloy in order to offset the high purchase cost of aluminium. 相似文献
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Chang NB 《Journal of environmental management》2008,86(3):435-450
Understanding the cost-effectiveness and the role of economic and policy instruments, such as the combined product tax-recycling subsidy scheme or a tradable permit, for scrap tire recycling has been of crucial importance in a market-oriented environmental management system. Promoting product (tire) stewardship on one hand and improving incentive-based recycling policy on the other hand requires a comprehensive analysis of the interfaces and interactions in the nexus of economic impacts, environmental management, environmental valuation, and cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents an assessment of the interfaces and interactions between the implementation of policy instruments and its associated economic evaluation for sustaining a scrap tire recycling program in Taiwan during the era of the strong economic growth of the late 1990s. It begins with an introduction of the management of the co-evolution between technology metrics of scrap tire recycling and organizational changes for meeting the managerial goals island-wide during the 1990s. The database collected and used for such analysis covers 17 major tire recycling firms and 10 major tire manufacturers at that time. With estimates of scrap tire generation and possible scale of subsidy with respect to differing tire recycling technologies applied, economic analysis eventually leads to identify the associated levels of product tax with respect to various sizes of new tires. It particularly demonstrates a broad perspective of how an integrated econometric and engineering economic analysis can be conducted to assist in implementing policy instruments for scrap tire management. Research findings indicate that different subsidy settings for collection, processing, and end use of scrap tires should be configured to ameliorate the overall managerial effectiveness. Removing the existing boundaries between designated service districts could strengthen the competitiveness of scrap tires recycling industry, helping to reduce the required levels of product tax and subsidy. With such initial breakthroughs at hand to handle the complexity of scrap tire recycling technologies, there remains unique management and policy avenues left to explore if a multi-dimensional solution is to be successful in the long run. 相似文献
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Jeong-a ParkSeok-jin Hong Ik KimJi-yong Lee Tak Hur 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(4):456-462
Material flow analysis (MFA) is an evaluation technique that systematically identifies the flows and stocks of materials within predefined spatial and temporal boundaries. In this paper, the steel resources in Korea are investigated using dynamic MFA. Iron ore and steel scrap are added as raw material components during the production processes of steel, which is then used in a variety of product groups such as construction products, transportation equipment, machinery/metal products, electrical/electronic devices, and other products through fabrication and manufacturing processes. When such product groups are discarded, they are either recycled or landfilled. With consideration for the lifetimes of various product groups in conjunction with steel resource flows in Korea, dynamic MFA is conducted on the flows of steel stock change and annual scrap generation. By 2020, these two flows are expected to increase by as much as 40% and 30%, respectively, compared to 2008, with transportation equipment, in particular, envisaged to experience high growth. At the current recycling rate, however, it will be hard to meet future scrap demand. According to the scenario analysis, 100% of this future scrap demand can be supplied domestically if the recycling rate is increased to over 70% for all product groups, except construction products and transportation equipment, which already have high recycling rates. By 2020, the reduction in scrap importation costs is projected to offer a financial gain of 2.3 billion dollars. 相似文献