Ⅱ类无烟煤循环流化床工业锅炉的研制探讨

本文结合Ⅱ类无烟煤的特点，主要对无烟煤特别是低挥发分Ⅱ类无烟煤循环流化床工业锅炉的设计研制进行了探讨。     

倾力推进节能减排,建设生态绿色矿山——记云驾岭煤矿节能减排领军人李世波

李世波,冀中能源邯郸矿业集团云驾岭煤矿矿长。云驾岭煤矿是冀中能源邯郸矿业集团下属的主力生产矿井之一,于1992年12月投产,核定生产能力165万吨/年,是一座大型国营现代化无烟煤矿井。李世波担任矿长以来,高度重视节能减排工作,认真贯彻落实党和国家的节能减排方针、     

湖南石门县小煤窑群的环境影响

湖南省石门县地处湖南西北山区,矿产资源丰富,原煤(包括烟煤、无烟煤)工业储量6000多万 t,煤炭开采业十分活跃。至1989年底,全县共有登记发证的煤矿106家,丘陵地有煤矿61家。年产量82万 t;但井下废水年排放量达1965.7万 t,煤矸石排放量15.1万 t,使环境受到严重影响。     

选择性非催化还原脱硝技术在W型锅炉的应用

W型火焰锅炉主要燃用无烟煤,炉温高且沿炉膛宽度方向温差大,导致初始NOx生成量大且分布不均匀,难以实现SNCR脱硝系统的稳定高效运行。详述了阳城电厂一号机组高效SNCR脱硝系统的设计、组成,分析了运行数据,表明该系统能真正实现高效、稳定脱硝,为W型火焰锅炉NOx超低排放提供了新的工艺路线。     

高效节能新燃料──快煤

高效节能新燃料──快煤Ｈｉｇｈ─ＥｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙａｎｄＥｎｅｒｇｙ─ｓａｖｉｎｇｉｎＮｅｗＦｕｅｌ──ＱｕｉｃｋＣｏａｌ快煤是由无烟煤配合现代助燃技术精制而成，是１２孔老式蜂窝煤的换代产品。该产品具有：１．省时。经测试：快煤上火速度为１分４０秒，...     

综合开发川南煤田

川南煤田,包括宜宾、泸州所辖的筠连、高县、珙县、长宁、兴文、江安、叙永和古蔺等8个县,面积13000km~2。南邻云、贵两省,北连内江、自贡,东接重庆,西靠乐山,地势南高北低。区内矿产资源丰富,特别是无烟煤和硫铁矿,可为四川独一无二的能源和化工原料矿产基地。据四川地质矿产局202、113地质队和省煤田地质公司135、141队多年地质勘探证实,该地区是一个较大的区域性聚煤区,从西到东有筠连、珙长和古叙三大煤     

倾力推进节能减排——记云驾岭煤矿节能减排领军人李世波

李世波，翼中能源邯郸矿业集团云驾岭煤矿矿矿长。云驾岭煤矿是冀中能源邯郸矿业集团下属的主力生产矿井之一，于1992年12月投产核定生产能力165万吨/年，是一座大型国营现代化无烟煤矿井。李世波担任矿长以来，高度重视节能减排工作，认真贯彻落实党和同家的节能减排方针、政策，严格遵守环境保护法、节约能源法等有关节能环保法律法规，始终坚持科学发展观，坚决实施科技兴企战略，一手抓企业发展，一物抓节能减排，采取多种渠道并进、多种方法并用的方式将节能减排工作有条不紊地在企业全面展开，繁体覆盖在推进企业节能减排工作方面成绩突出。     

利用煤吸附处理含铬废水及生活污水的试验研究

本文研究了四川白皎无烟煤用于生活污水、含铬废水和乐果生产废水的处理。在静态条件下,煤对生活污水中的ＣＯＤ去除率为１２％;对乐果生产废水的脱色率大于６３８％;在含铬工业废水在浓度为３５２６×１０－５ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３时Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的去除率为９０％左右。考察了固液比、温度、浓度和酸度等对煤吸附Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的影响,并发现吸附量ｑ与时间ｔ之间遵从如下的定量关系：ｑ＝４７６８５（１＋２１２５６ｔ）－１或ｑ＝２１３５１［１－ｅｘｐ（－０５０１６ｔ）］０３８３８     

用环境经济观点重新估价沸腾炉

七十年代初,沸腾锅炉作为一种新的炉型,曾在我国许多省、市得到推广。它之所以具有很强的生命力,主要是因为它对燃料的适应性很强。它不但能烧褐煤、烟煤、无烟煤;而且还能烧一般工业锅炉难于燃烧的高灰分、低热值的劣质燃料。然而,由于沸腾炉的锅炉水管磨损快,维修费用大,电能消耗高,辅助设备多,占地面积广以及由于炉内大量未燃尽的飞灰带来的大气污染问题,又使沸腾炉的使用受到了一定的限制。如何发挥沸腾炉的优点,设法补救其不足之处,使沸腾炉在国民经济发展中及环保工作中充分发挥其效益? 对于沸腾锅炉水管和墙体易磨损问题,     

大气二氧化硫污染趋势及其防治对策

乌市大气 SO_2年日均值为0.207mg/m~3,超过国家二级标准39%,冬季含量是国标的2.47倍。SO_2巳上升为冬季大气的主要污染物。乌鲁木齐市年耗煤量510万吨,全年通过燃煤排放的 SO_2达7万吨以上,占全市 SO_2总排放量的80%以上,燃煤排放是 SO 主要的排放源。冬季燃煤排放 SO_24.6万吨,占全市排放量的65%以上。因此从现在开始着眼于乌市大气 SO_2的防治是改善乌市大气环境质量的战略措施。治理的途径一是改变燃料结构,大量推广使用无烟煤型煤,二是在防止二次污染,提高水的重复利用率前提下因地制宜地推广湿式除烟尘、除硫技术。     

中国洁净煤技术研究开发的现状

文章概述了洁净煤技术的定义和基本内容，评述了煤炭开发中煤层气和煤矸石污染控制、煤炭物理加工、煤炭化学转化等洁净煤技术主要领域的研究开发现状，提出了发展中国洁净煤技术的建议。     

Coal Receiving Terminals in Relation to Electricity Generation in Developing Countries

With the rapid increase in the price of oil in the 1970s, many developing countries are beginning to look to steam coal as an energy source. Much of this coal will have to be transported from coal-producing countries to coal-consuming countries by sea and coal-receiving terminals will have to be built especially in those countries which have not been coal importers in the past. The international market in steam coal is examined and predictions are made as to the amount of coal that developing countries are likely to import from electric power generation. The operation of a coal-receiving terminal is discussed and estimates are provided as to the size and cost of coal terminals required to meet the coal import needs of developing countries.     

Comparison of adsorption models in reservoir simulation of enhanced coalbed methane recovery and CO2 sequestration in coal

Coalbed methane is an important resource of energy. Meanwhile CO₂ sequestration in coal is a potential management option for greenhouse gas emissions. An attractive aspect to this process is that CO₂ is adsorbed to the coal, reducing the risk of CO₂ migration to the surface. Another aspect to this is that the injected CO₂ could displace adsorbed methane leading to enhanced coalbed methane recovery. Therefore, in order to understand gas migration within the reservoir, mixed-gas adsorption models are required. Moreover, coal reservoir permeability will be significantly affected by adsorption-induced coal swelling during CO₂ injection. Coal swelling is directly related to reservoir pressure and gas content which is calculated by adsorption models in reservoir simulation. Various models have been studied to describe the pure- and mixed-gas adsorption on coal. Nevertheless, only the Langmuir and Extended Langmuir models are usually applied in coal reservoir simulations. This paper presents simulation work using several approaches to representing gas adsorption, implemented into the coal seam gas reservoir simulator SIMED II. The adsorption models are the Extended Langmuir model (ELM), the Ideal Adsorbed Solution (IAS) model and the Two-Dimensional Equation of State (2D EOS). The simulations based on one Australian and one American coal sample demonstrated that (1) the Ideal Adsorbed Solution model, in conjunction with Langmuir model as single-component isotherm, shows similar simulation results as the ELM for both coals, with the IAS model representing the experimental adsorption data more accurately than the ELM for one coal and identically with the ELM for the other coal; (2) simulation results using the 2D EOS, however, are significantly different to the ELM or IAS model for both coal samples. The magnitude of the difference is also dependent on coal swelling and the well operating conditions, such as injection pressure.     

新疆煤化工产业开发中的环保问题分析

新疆是国家拟规划的煤化工产业基地之一,也是自治区重点发展的产业之一,目前投资开发力度很大。煤化工产业耗水量大,与石油和天然气路线比较,工艺过程复杂多变、污染物成分复杂、污染物排放量及环境影响较大。在新疆发展煤化工产业的过程中要量水而行,注意煤水资源匹配,杜绝缺水地盲目发展煤化工产业的苗头;采用先进工艺、清洁生产及循环经济理念,提高煤炭及副产物利用率,减少生产过程中的污染物排放;应充分关注配套污染治理技术的研究开发,做到污染治理技术与生产技术同步发展。     

Application of coal ash to environmental improvement: Transformation into zeolite, potassium fertilizer, and FGD absorbent

The rapid increase in population and economic growth have led to an increase in energy demand. Coal reserves are distributed worldwide, and coal is now known to be the most stable and available energy source. However, utilization of coal as an energy source involves the generation of a great amount of coal ash, and the recycling rate of the ash is rather low. Coal ash is mainly used in civil construction materials, and there is a limit to the demand for coal ash by construction industries: therefore, the increasing amount of coal ash will be a serious problem in the near future. Different applications should be considered. In this paper, three environmentally-friendly methods for coal ash recycling are described. Firstly, alkali treatment can transform coal ash to zeolite, which is used in deodorant and for wastewater treatment and soil improvement. Secondly, potassium silicate fertilizer is produced from coal ash and has a higher retentivity in the soil than that of conventional fertilizers. Thirdly, emission of sulfur dioxide is controlled by flue gas desulfurization using coal ash. It is considered that environmentally-friendly use of coal ash is important from the viewpoints of energy, economy, and environmental strategy in order to realize the concept of sustainable development.     

An investigation of the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality of Kedla and Rajrappa Washeries, Jharkhand, India

An attempt was made to investigate the relationship between raw coal characteristics and effluent quality in two coking coal washeries of Central Coalfields Limited, Kedla and Rajrappa in Jharkhand State, India. Coal samples-raw coal feed, washed fine clean coal, washed coarse clean coal, middlings and rejects were collected. Similarly, raw water (intake to washery) and effluent samples generated in the washeries, namely, fine coal jig under water, coarse coal jig under water and slurry pond water were also collected over a period of 6 months. Parameters outlined in Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Schedule VI Indian standards were determined, both in coal samples and water/washery effluent samples. Apart from the parameters listed in the standard, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphate and chloride found to be present in coal were also determined in coal and water samples. The processing results essentially in production of huge quantities of suspended material, which is beyond the stipulated limit of 100mg/l as specified in the Standard. Lowering of pH was observed in both the washeries. The trace/heavy elements were found to be concentrated in the heavier fractions in rejects produced from the washery. The concentrations of major elements in coal-Na, K, Ca, Mg, and minor elements in coal-Mn; F, SO4 and Cl were found to be higher in process water than in raw water indicating that these elements are transferred from coal to the water in washeries. However, only in the case of Mn, the stipulated limit of the effluent standard was exceeded. Trace elements like As, Se, Hg, Cd, though found to be present in coal, were absent in the process water indicating that these elements are not released by coal during washing.     

Reduction and utilization of coal mine waste rock in China: A case study in Tiefa coalfield

In China, coal mine waste rock (CMWR) produced during coal mining and processing is still increasing significantly as a result of coal production which has huge environmental impact. CMWR reduction and utilization is a major issue for coal enterprises and government to reduce the surface footprint and the public environmental impact. Tiefa coalfield, an old coalfield with 60 years of coal exploitation, was selected as a case to study the methods to minimize the environmental impacts of CMWR piles in a short period. We argue that a systematic design on CMWR utilization is needed on the basis of a usage evaluation which takes consideration of CMWR source, compositions, and proximate analysis. Mine design is crucial and the base for reducing the CMWR generation at the headstream. Placing roadway into coal seam rather than rock, panel optimization, and parametric analysis for mining technique were conducted in Tiefa coalfield. A promising technology of CMWR backfill under the ground was employed with a resultant increase of coal recovery rate. The surface CMWR recycling depends on brick making, electricity generating, and rehabilitation of subsided land. The practice of the presented methods indicates that the CMWR piles on Tiefa coalfield may disappear in 3 years, which could significantly reduce the environmental impacts of CMWR dumps. The technologies conducted in Tiefa coalfield developed a model of CMWR reduction and utilization for Chinese coal mines.     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

Economic analysis of reform policies for small coal mines in China

Over the last three decades, China’s coal industry has achieved dramatic increases in coal production, both in absolute terms and relative to the world as a whole. This achievement is due largely to its coal policies. Yet facing increasing pressures of environmental sustainability and market transition, the Chinese government was forced to make deep reforms and adjustments to regulate the coal industry effectively. This paper presents an historical overview of China’s coal economic policies, paying particular attention to the current reform policy of closing mines and restricting the yield for the small coal mines (SCMs) in the context of economic theories and methods. We argue that the SCM closure policy would not likely be efficiently enforced if a feasible market mechanism were not built up. The failure of closure policy is due largely to problems of property rights, coal pricing, ownership, and objectives.     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.