双回路立式垃圾热解炉试验研究

利用双回路立式热解焚烧炉对某地区的城市生活垃圾进行试验研究,结果表明,焚烧炉的二燃室温度能够达到850℃,烟气停留时间超过2s,燃烧灰的热灼减率小于3%。在废气排放口测到的数据表明：常规烟气的各种有害气体成分含量均能满足标准的要求;二噁英的含量不仅满足我国标准的要求,也远远低于欧盟的标准限值。     

危险废物焚烧处置的理论和实践

危险废物的焚烧处置是按化学当量与氧发生燃烧反应。组合式焚烧炉（回转窑、二燃室和炉排炉）能够将各种危险废物进行焚烧处置。危险废物先在回转窑内经过缺氧、热解干馏，生成的可燃气体和废渣分别在二燃室内和炉排上进行高温燃烧和持续燃烧，使焚烧残渣的热灼减率、燃烧效率和有机物的焚毁去除率等技术性能指标达到国家标准的要求。高温燃烧可以将烟气中的有毒有害物质分解，持续燃烧可使废渣燃尽烧透。在对危险废物进行元素成分分析的基础上，进行焚烧工艺设计、技术参数计算，并举例说明。     

三燃式危险废物焚烧技术探讨

文章介绍了三燃式危险废物焚烧技术,该新型焚烧炉采用回转热解窑作为一次燃烧处理方式,再由往复式炉排炉进行二次焚化燃烧,未燃尽的气体、粉尘进入三燃室充分分解燃烧,因此烧尽率高、热能效率高.     

世界垃圾焚烧技术新突破——丰泉环保成功研发双回路热解焚烧炉

垃圾是重要的资源,更是巨额的财富.丰泉环保的"双回路热解焚烧炉"技术在垃圾焚烧技术领域取得重要突破.这项技术的成功应用,是丰泉人响应中央树立科学发展观,建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的号召,大力推行节能减排循环经济模式,实现我国可持续发展战略的生动实践.     

富氧燃烧技术在垃圾焚烧炉中应用的可行性分析

在我国用焚烧法处理生活垃圾逐渐成为主流,通过高效的燃烧技术提高燃烧效率以及降低运行成本成为研究的重点,目前富氧燃烧技术是一种较好的选择。以炉排炉中生活垃圾的燃烧过程为研究对象,通过理论计算分析了焚烧炉中的垃圾在富氧条件下的燃烧特性以及工艺参数的变化规律,结果显示:富氧条件下,焚烧炉中一次风和二次风量明显减少,烟气量也呈现下降趋势,焚烧炉出口温度明显增加,表明富氧条件促进了垃圾燃烧的强度。同时结合相关案例及对富氧燃烧技术在焚烧炉中应用的优劣情况进行了分析,提出了在特定区域和条件下应用富氧燃烧技术进行焚烧处理生活垃圾的可行性。     

危险废物焚烧处置烟气达标排放研究

危险废物安全处置是固体废物管理的重点,杭州市危险废物及医疗废物处置项目采用回转窑焚烧炉,配合二燃室、余热锅炉以及烟气处理系统,采用急冷塔、反应塔、布袋除尘和洗涤塔对烟气进行处理。监测表明,通过对送入窑内焚烧的危险废物进行配比并在污染物脱除系统中添加消石灰和活性炭,以及采用布袋除尘后,可以实现污染物达标排放。     

危险废物热解气化炉焚烧工程改造

焚烧是危险废物处置最有效的手段之一,由于危险废物来源多样、成分复杂,在焚烧过程中常出现生产线运行不稳定,生产指标不达标等问题。文章根据危险废物热解气化焚烧工程中出现的问题,对其主要原料进行成分分析;通过工艺计算及热平衡分析,设计出合理的搭接机制,使二燃室燃烧温度可稳定保持在1100℃以上,保证烟气在二燃室停留时间2s,满足了焚烧炉稳定连续生产的需要,使烟气排放达到国家排放标准。     

烧结(球团)工艺过程氮氧化物产生及控制

对某大型钢铁企业三条烧结生产线与一条球团生产线NOx产生情况进行了对比研究,提出了烧结(球团)烟气NOx控制策略。烧结(球团)烟气中的氮氧化物均以NO为主,占NOx总量的比例不低于94%。在温度降低、混合时间延长的特定环境下,高温烟气中的NO能转化为其他含氮气体组分,NOx总量呈下降趋势。球团生产时,因高炉煤气、焦炉煤气含氮而产生的燃料型NOx占烟气氮氧化物排放总量的16.5%,以温度型NOx产生为主;烧结生产工艺中,固体燃料煤或焦末中氮含量高达0.83%~1.26%,烟气中氮氧化物产生以燃料型NOx为主,占烟气中NOx总量的比例不低于80%。烧结(球团)烟气中NOx浓度随烧结机上料量增加呈明显上升趋势。鉴于我国目前仍缺乏成熟的烧结(球团)烟气脱硝末端治理技术与工程应用案例,加强生产过程控制是实现烧结(球团)烟气氮氧化物达标排放的重要举措。     

油漆渣焚烧酸性气体的控制分析

焚烧法能快速去除工业危险废物中的有毒有害成分,但产生的酸性气体如不进行严格控制会引起较严重的二次污染。本文通过对油漆渣的焚烧处理,分别改变温度、过剩空气系数、转轴转速、进料率来调节焚烧炉的运行环境,研究单一工况条件的变化对酸性气体(主要是NOx、SO2)产生的影响,找出适合控制酸性气体(NOx、SO2)产生的最佳工况点。     

我国医疗废弃物处理现状及焚烧处理技术的探讨

本文介绍了当前国内主要的医疗废弃物处理技术,重点对回转窑型焚烧炉、热解式焚烧炉翻转活动炉 排焚烧炉的焚烧处理技术进行了分析和比较。     

玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝设计的影响因素分析

对影响玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝设计的几个主要因素,如烟气条件（烟气量和NOx初始浓度）、还原剂、催化剂、SCR反应器布置方式及催化剂吹灰方式等进行了分析与讨论,指出在对玻璃熔窑进行SCR烟气脱硝设计时应根据燃料情况、烟气条件、生产工艺、环保法规及污染物减排要求等合理进行选择,以确保玻璃熔窑SCR烟气脱硝系统安全运行及工程投资、运行费用的经济合理性。     

Oxy-fuel coal combustion—A review of the current state-of-the-art

Carbon dioxide emissions will continue being a major environmental concern due to the fact that coal will remain a major fossil-fuel energy resource for the next few decades. To meet future targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, capture and storage of CO₂ is required. Carbon capture and storage technologies that are currently the focus of research centres and industry include: pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. This review deals with the oxy-fuel coal combustion process, primarily focusing on pulverised coal (PC) combustion, and its related research and development topics. In addition, research results related to oxy-fuel combustion in a circulating fluidised bed (CFB) will be briefly dealt with.During oxy-fuel combustion, a combination of oxygen, with a purity of more than 95 vol.%, and recycled flue gas (RFG) referred to as oxidant is used for combusting the fuel producing a gas consisting of mainly CO₂ and water vapour, which after purification and compression, is ready for storage. The high oxygen demand is supplied by a cryogenic air separation process, which is the only commercially available mature technology. The separation of oxygen from air as well as the purification and liquefaction of the CO₂-enriched flue gas consumes significant auxiliary power. Therefore, the overall net efficiency is expected to be decreased by 8–12% points, corresponding to a 21–35% increase in fuel consumption. Alternatively, ion transport membranes (ITMs) are proposed for oxygen separation, which might be more energy efficient. However, since ITMs are far away from becoming a mature technology, it is widely expected that cryogenic air separation will be the selected technology in the near future. Oxygen combustion is associated with higher temperatures compared with conventional air combustion. Both fuel properties as well as limitations of steam and metal temperatures of the various heat exchanger sections of the boiler require a moderation of the temperatures in the combustion zone and in the heat-transfer sections. This moderation in temperature is accomplished by means of recycled flue gas. The interdependencies between the fuel properties, the amount and temperature of the recycled flue gas, and the resulting oxygen concentration in the combustion atmosphere are reviewed.The different gas atmosphere resulting from oxy-fuel combustion gives rise to various questions related to firing, in particular, with respect to the combustion mechanism, pollutant reduction, the risk of corrosion, and the properties of the fly ash or its resulting deposits. In this review, detailed nitrogen and sulphur chemistry was investigated in a laboratory-scale facility under oxy-fuel combustion conditions. Oxidant staging succeeded in reducing NO formation with effectiveness comparable to that typically observed in conventional air combustion. With regard to sulphur, a considerable increase in the SO₂ concentration was measured, as expected. However, the H₂S concentration in the combustion atmosphere in the near-flame zone increased as well. Further results were obtained in a pilot-scale test facility, whereby acid dew points were measured and deposition probes were exposed to the combustion environment. Slagging, fouling and corrosion issues have so far been addressed via short-term exposure and require further investigation.Modelling of PC combustion processes by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become state-of-the-art for conventional air combustion. Nevertheless, the application of these models for oxy-fuel combustion conditions needs adaptation since the combustion chemistry and radiative heat transfer is altered due to the different combustion gas atmosphere.CFB technology can be considered mature for conventional air combustion. In addition to its inherent advantages like good environmental performance and fuel flexibility, it offers the possibility of additional heat exchanger arrangements in the solid recirculation system, i.e. the ability to control combustion temperatures despite relatively low flue gas recycle ratios even when combusting in the presence of high oxygen concentrations.     

烟气脱硝技术及在我国的应用

氮氧化物气体是危害最大、最难处理的大气污染物之一。随着经济的发展，有效控制燃煤造成的大气污染已经刻不容缓，特别是控制燃煤过程中的氮氧化物，烟气脱硝技术显得相当重要。本文分析了几种常用的烟气脱硝技术（选择性催化还原脱硝技术、选择性非催化还原脱硝技术、碱性溶液吸收法和等离子体活化法等）的原理、技术特点以及在我国的应用情况。     

The thief process for mercury removal from flue gas

The Thief Process is a cost-effective variation to activated carbon injection (ACI) for removal of mercury from flue gas. In this scheme, partially combusted coal from the furnace of a pulverized coal power generation plant is extracted by a lance and then re-injected into the ductwork downstream of the air preheater. Recent results on a 500-lb/h pilot-scale combustion facility show similar removals of mercury for both the Thief Process and ACI. The tests conducted to date at laboratory, bench, and pilot-scales demonstrate that the Thief sorbents exhibit capacities for mercury from flue gas streams that are comparable to those exhibited by commercially available activated carbons. A patent for the process was issued in February 2003. The Thief sorbents are cheaper than commercially-available activated carbons; exhibit excellent capacities for mercury; and the overall process holds great potential for reducing the cost of mercury removal from flue gas. The Thief Process was licensed to Mobotec USA, Inc. in May of 2005.     

Study of Hg and SO3 behavior in flue gas of oxy-fuel combustion system

Oxy-fuel combustion systems have been under development to reduce CO₂ emissions from coal-fired power plants. In oxy-fuel combustion system, Hg in the flue gas causes corrosion in CO₂ purification and compression units. Also, SO₃ in the flue gas corrodes the equipment and ducts of oxy-fuel combustion system. Therefore, Hg and SO₃ need to be removed.Babcock-Hitachi conducted tests using a 1.5 MWth Combustion & Air Quality Control System (AQCS) test facility which consists of oxygen supply unit, furnace, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst, Clean Energy Recuperator (CER), Dry Electrostatic Precipitator (DESP), flue gas recirculation system, Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (WFGD), and CO₂ Compression and Purification Unit (CPU). In both cases of air and oxy-fuel combustion, the Hg removal across the DESP could be improved, and SO₃ concentration at the DESP outlet could be reduced to less than 1 ppm by installing a CER upstream of the DESP and reducing the gas temperature at the DESP inlet. Hg was not dissolved in the drain recovered from CO₂ compressor, and may be adsorbed at an inner part of CO₂ compressor. This indicated that Hg needs to be removed at a location upstream of the CO₂ compressor to prevent corrosion of the compressor.     

Drying of granulated wood ash by flue gas from saw dust and natural gas combustion

At the district heating plant of Kalmar, Sweden an on-line unit for production of granulated wood ash for nutrient recycling on forest soils is being applied. Currently, the granules are dried by hot air from an oil-fired burner. The objective of this work was to investigate how drying by flue gas affects the hardening of granules, or impacts their chemical composition and properties. Ninety-six granule samples were treated by flue gas from natural gas combustion in a laboratory pilot scale flue gas generator. CO₂, CO, O₂, C₃H₈ and NO concentrations were varied during the experiment. Additionally, some samples were treated by flue gas from combustion of sawdust at the heating plant in Kalmar. Drying by flue gases did not affect the chemical composition of granules, but minor effects were seen in their mineralogy. The carbonate content was slightly higher in granules treated with flue gas from natural gas combustion compared to the granules dried by hot air only, when measured by wet chemical methods. Results from XRD analysis imply that the calcite content is higher and the portlandite and arcanite content slightly less in granules treated with flue gas from sawdust combustion compared to the granules dried by hot air only. The results from this investigation showed no negative effects on ash granule composition or physical structure by the use of a flue as a drying medium.     

水泥脱硝综合评估分析——以四川省某水泥企业为例

在分析四川省某水泥企业两条新型干法生产线分别采用低氮燃烧技术、SNCR烟气脱硝工程技术特点的基础上,评估了综合采用控制NO X措施后的运行效果,脱硝的经济技术可行性,并从NO X控制技术、环境管理、环境标准以及环境经济等方面提出相关的配套政策建议。     

烟气回流工艺在垃圾焚烧系统NOX减排中的工程应用分析

为有效抑制生活垃圾在机械炉排炉焚烧过程中NO_X的产生,有研究者提出采用烟气回流技术可以有效抑制NO_X的生成和排放。目前关于烟气回流技术的理论研究和数值模拟较多,而基于实际工程应用的研究较少。选择了烟气回流工艺在山东省某生活垃圾焚烧项目上的应用情况进行研究,从烟气回流工艺的技术原理、排放指标、运营数据和经济性等方面进行了分析,同时也总结了本工艺在应用过程中需注意的事项。研究表明,采用烟气回流工艺的#3炉引风机出口NOX平均排放和氨水平均用量比未采用烟气回流工艺的#1炉,分别降低了25.8%和43.7%,且NO_X浓度波动与烟气含氧量密切相关。总体上,烟气回流工艺的使用能够有效抑制NOX_的产生,并且同时减少了氨水等物料的消耗,降低了运营的成本。但是当进入焚烧炉的垃圾品质出现急剧恶化的情况下,会影响焚烧炉的燃烧工况而使烟气回流量降低,导致NOX减排效果下降。     

油田注汽锅炉烟气余热利用与低碳减排

通过对注汽锅炉烟气余热利用潜力的分析及开展余热利用方式对比分析,采用在注汽锅炉对流段上安装热管换热器,使高温烟气与助燃空气换热,利用换热器回收烟气余热。该技术的现场应用,实现了注汽锅炉燃料单耗降低和污染物排放量降低的目的,取得了良好的节能、减排效果。