实施汽车污染物排物标准,控制汽车污染物排放

本文阐述了汽车污染物的来源与排放过程，简介了国内外实施汽车污染物的排放标准，控制汽车污染物的排放状况，从而说明实施汽车污染物排放标准，对促进汽车工业的技术进步，控制汽车污染物的排放，保护大气环境及人体，健康均具有十分重要的意义。     

利用排放权交易机制控制城市生活垃圾排放的构想

我国目前的城市生活垃圾排放管理体制导致垃圾排放量的持续增加，将要实行的垃圾排放收费制度也难以达到减量化排放，建立垃圾排放权交易机制是解决城市生活垃圾排放的可供选择的有效方式，本文对如何建构具有中国特色的垃圾排放权交易机制进行了探讨。     

法律对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染有哪些规定

《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》第四章对防止废气、粉尘和恶臭污染作出了明确规定：①严格限制向大气排放含有毒物质的废气和粉尘，确需排放的，应当经过净化处理，不超过规定的排放标准；②工业生产中产生的可燃性气体应当回收利用，不具备回收利用条件，而向大气排放的，应当进行防治污染处理。向大气排放转炉气、电石气、电炉法黄磷尾气、有机氢类尾气的，须报当地环保部门批准。     

重庆市基于排放绩效的火电行业二氧化硫总量控制研究

本文介绍了排放绩效及排放绩效方法在火电行业二氧化硫总量控制方面的应用，并对重庆市火电机组及其二氧化硫排放状况进行了全面调查，根据重庆市二氧化硫污染防治的需要制定了各时段机组“十一五”期间的排放绩效控制标准，利用排放绩效方法测算了重庆市火电行业二氧化硫总量控制目标，提出了总量配额分配方法。     

不同施肥处理稻田甲烷排放研究进展

稻田是甲烷的重要排放源之一，而施肥是影响稻田甲烷排放的重要因素之一。本文对施肥稻田甲烷排放的最新研究进展作了较为详尽的综述，包括不同肥料类型、不同的施肥处理等对甲烷排放的影响，分析了导致这种影响的原因。最后指出了今后的研究重点应以现有的研究成果为基础，探索产量、环境与甲烷排放增减的相关研究，寻求最优的减排方法。     

融雪剂可能破坏环境

新西兰政府认为，牛羊排放出的臭气中含有大量甲烷，而甲烷会损害地球臭氧层．由此可加速地球升温．该国能源部指出．家畜在消化饲料过程中所排放的甲烷和一氧化二氮是其排放的二氧化碳的21～310倍，其温室效应强烈。家畜排放的温室气体占该国内温室气体排放总量的55％。开征此税是为了减少温室气体排放．以及用于牲畜气体排放及减少温室气体排放的研究等。新西兰政府为出台这项税收政策在全国广泛征求了意见，     

有色金属行业CO2排放估算方法研究

通过对国内外有色金属行业温室气体排放估算方法研究现状的分析，将联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）温室气体排放清单指南、国际有色行业协会和环境科学研究中的一些常用算法，总结归纳应用于有色金属行业温室气体的排放量估算，从估算方法和结果上分析各种方法的优缺点和使用条件。以原铝生产CO2排放估算为例，对有色金属温室气体排放进行实证分析，为有色金属行业温室气体排放估算提供参选方法，促进有色金属工业的节能减排。     

关于调整绵阳市柴油车排放限值的研究

为能有效地筛选出高排放柴油车并促进提前淘汰，基于GB3847-2018中规定的柴油车加载减速法排放限值及测量方法，利用光吸收系数与累积频率关系，应用关联规则数据挖掘方法，对绵阳市2021年柴油车排放检测数据分析，研究表明，现行排放限值筛选出的不合格柴油车比例仅为3.7384%,若将100%VelMaxHP点和80%VelMaxHP点的光吸收系数限值由1.2m^-1调整为0.7m^-1,可筛选不合格柴油车比例为17.2253%,柴油黄标车和老旧柴油车的不合格比例分别为27.7117%和26.9423%,限值调整后能有效地筛选出高排放柴油车，有助于提前淘汰，减少氮氧化物和颗粒物的排放，推动环境空气质量持续改善，为绵阳市柴油车大气污染物排放治理提供科学参考。     

浅谈过量空气系数在锅炉烟尘排放浓度监测中的重要性

根据国标ＧＢ１３２７１ —９１ 规定，在测定锅炉烟尘排放浓度时，过量空气系数α超过１８ 的，应折算为α等于１８ 时的烟尘浓度。有时工作中忽视对过量空气系数的测试，使烟尘排放监测值失真。笔者认为应严格按规范操作，监测烟尘排放浓度时，必须测试空气过量系数，再计算锅炉烟尘排放浓度     

北京市大气污染物排放现状分析及治理对策研究

通过对北京市2000—2004年间大气污染物排放情况的考察和研究，着重分析了二氧化硫等大气污染物的排放现状以及大气污染物排放强度指标变化的原因并与国内主要城市及美国大气污染物排放指标进行了对比。结果表明，北京市大气污染物强度在国内处于较低水平，但与发达国家相比，仍有相当的差距，并提出了治理大气污染的对策。     

无污泥化生物技术在真丝染色综合废水处理中的研究及应用

本文主要对真丝染色综合废水Ａ／Ｏ处理中所产生的污泥进行无污泥化生物处理的研究,并把技术运用在日处理９００ｔ／ｄ的综合废水生化处理装置上,设施经四年连续运行表明：出水ｐＨ＝７． ３６,ＳＳ＝４８ｍｇ／１,ＣＯＤｃｒ＝９５ｍｇ／１,ＢＯＤ５＝３８ｍｇ／１,ＮＨ３－Ｎ＝１８ ．８ｍｇ／１,出水水质指标全部达到国家规定的排放标准,该技术不仅解决了污泥的难治理问题,而且利用生物技术彻底解决了污泥的二次污染问题,还节约了可观的运行费用和投资费用,并提高了Ａ／Ｏ的处理效果。     

炼厂脱盐脱钙废水处理工艺

原油中的钙盐主要存在于石油胶质和沥青质中。在原油加工过程中,有机钙盐因分解形成钙沉淀物而影响正常生产。对于原油中钙的脱除,目前应用最广泛的是螯合沉淀脱钙技术。炼厂脱盐脱钙废水中的钙、磷、石油胶质会对污水处理场造成不良影响,因而必须对脱盐脱钙废水进行预处理。预处理工艺包括物理和物理化学手段、生物处理工艺、化学氧化处理技术。技术可行性分析表明,可采用AOP高级氧化技术与生物处理相结合的工艺对脱盐脱钙废水进行预处理。     

Environmental impact minimization of a total wastewater treatment network system from a life cycle perspective

Synthesis of distributed wastewater treatment plants (WTPs) has focused on cost reduction, but never on the reduction of environmental impacts. A mathematical optimization model was developed in this study to synthesize existing distributed and terminal WTPs into an environmentally friendly total wastewater treatment network system (TWTNS) from a life cycle perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of principal contributors in a TWTNS. The LCA results were integrated into the objective function of the model. The mass balances were formulated from the superstructure model, and the constraints were formulated to reflect real wastewater treatment situations in industrial plants. A case study validated the model and demonstrated the effect of the objective function on the configuration and environmental performance of a TWTNS. This model can be used to minimize environmental impacts of a TWTNS in retrofitting existing WTPs in line with cleaner production and sustainable development.     

生物法处理含酚废水的研究

为了降低炼油厂污水处理场的酚负荷,对催化裂化汽提塔所排含酚废水的预处理进行了研究。进行了煤渣吸附实验,酚的生物降解动力学实验及酚在兼氧条件下的处理实验;采用４－氨基安替比林光度法测定酚浓度。实验结果表明采用煤渣填料－生物膜反应器,酚的去除率可达９０％,酚的生物降解符合一级反应动力学,酚类物质可在兼氧条件下降解     

利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的研究

本文报道了利用造纸黑液回收电镀废液中铬的方法，阐明了造纸黑液中所含有还原性物质与Ｃｒ＾６＋的反应机理；讨论了进行反应的最佳条件以及采用这一方法对废液的治理效果。     

The ability of selected cladoceran species to utilize domestic wastewaters in Mexico City

The population growth patterns of four cladocerans, viz. Alona rectangula, Ceriodaphnia dubia, Moina macrocopa and Daphnia pulex on wastewaters from a treatment plant at Iztacalco, Mexico City were analyzed in this study. Crude wastewater (tank A) did not support A. rectangula and all animals in the replicates died after 5 days. A. rectangula with partially treated wastewater (tank B) showed growth curves similar to controls where algal density was 1 x 10(6) cells ml(-1). With wastewater from tank C (last stage before treatment with purifying agents such as chlorine), the populations maintained a low density (7 ind. ml(-1)). In wastewaters from tanks A and B, C. dubia showed no positive population growth, but in water from tank C, they maintained a low density (2 ind. ml(-1)). D. pulex showed no positive growth in all replicates involving wastewater. Only in controls (diet of algae Chlorella), the population density increased with time. M. macrocopa showed higher population growth in crude wastewaters than controls. Partially treated wastewater from tank B also resulted in a greater population growth than in the controls. However, when wastewater from the tank C was used, the population declined after day 12. Under comparable conditions, A. rectangula reached much higher peak abundances (55 ind. ml(-1)) than the rest of the cladoceran species. The rates of population growth (r) of the tested cladoceran species followed trends similar to the peak population densities. A. rectangula had the highest growth rates (0.25 per day) in controls and from the wastewater from tank B. The r-values were negative for A. rectangula and C. dubia in crude wastewater. For M. macrocopa the r-values were higher (0.19) in crude wastewater than in algae (0.15). However, r-values of M. macrocopa became negative when cultured in treated wastewater from tank C.     

EXPANDING WASTE WATER TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS AT CORPS OF ENGINEERS RECREATION AREAS1

ABSTRACT. There have been many changes in the waste water treatment requirements at St. Louis District Corps of Engineers projects over the past few years. Discussed are the methods considered for treating these wastes. Extended aeration plant, followed by filtration, is the process used in most of the areas. The treatment plant operators have become key members of the project operation team. A discussion of the Districts operator training program is presented along with the operator's job requirements. Through a Spring inspection of all treatment plants in the District, a mechanism has been provided for encouraging feedback to the design engineer from the operator.     

Estimation of the effect of the degree of sewage treatment on the status of pollution along the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea using broad scale modelling

A preliminary investigation was performed to estimate the effect of the degree of treatment in Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) on the status of pollution along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea. Data from questionnaires and the literature were collected and processed (a) to identify 18 approximate 1D surface coastal currents, (b) to estimate their prevailing direction and average flow velocity and (c) to estimate the water pollution loads and identify their locations of discharge. Then, a simplified 1D water quality model was formulated and applied for the existing conditions and two hypothetical scenarios: (1) all coastal cities have STPs with secondary treatment and (2) all coastal cities have STPs with tertiary treatment to determine BOD(5), TN and TP concentrations in the 18 surface coastal currents. Calculated concentrations were compared and discussed. A main conclusion is that, to reduce pollution in the Mediterranean Sea measures should be adopted for upgrading the water quality of the rivers discharging into the Mediterranean Sea, along with the construction of STPs for all the coastal cities.     

AN ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS INACTWATION,KEZAR LAKE,NEW HAMPSHIRE1

ABSTRACT: Aluminum sulfate and sodium aluminate were utilized as sediment phosphorus inactivants to improve the water quality of a northeastern eutrophic lake. A four-year monitoring program has provided an extensive lake-database utilized to evaluate the short-and long-term effectiveness of sediment phosphorus inactivation as a lake restoration technique. An immediate impact of treatment was marked by a reduction in hypolimnetic BOD and dissolved oxygen deficit, lower chlorophyll-a and phosphorus concentrations, improved transparency, and the elimination of obnoxious blue-green phyto-plankton blooms. For two to three years after treatment, these pa-rameters continued to exhibit both less variability and improved values over the pre-treatment conditions. The improved water quality conditions warranted an upgrade of the lake trophic status from eutrophic to mesotrophic. Four years after the treatment, the mean hypolimnetic total phosphoru.s and chlorophyll-a have increased and transparency has decreased from initial post-treatment levels. Although long-term trends show water quality decreasing since the treatment, the water quality has stabilized at a level suitable for recreation. A major benefit is an increase in the average attendance at the lake by almost 2,000 people per summer.     

含硫化亚铁颗粒的乳化原油净化处理方法

采用超声波和离心法在室内进行了从被硫化亚铁颗粒污染的乳化原油中回收原油的试验,试验结果表明:超声波-离心-溶剂稀释-离心处理工艺中,超声波处理工序主要用于乳化原油中游离水和部分乳化水的脱除,以降低后续离心处理工序的负荷。用超声波-离心处理工序分离出的沉渣和油、水过渡层经溶剂稀释后进行第二次离心处理。两次离心处理中所得到的净化油混合可作为商品原油外输,第二次离心处理中分离出的沉渣和油、水过渡层经进一步除油后可作为固体废物处理。