解读GB19606-2004《家用和类似用途电器噪声限值》

本文从多角度对GB 19606-2004标准进行了较为深入的分析,同时详细地比较了该标准与现行家电产品标准中的噪声限值的差异,从而指出生产厂商必须对家电产品噪声限值的变化引起足够的重视,提高产品的噪声水平以满足该强制性标准的要求.     

张家场天然气增压站噪声治理

为使增压站噪声降到国家允许标准,对其噪声进行了综合治理,设计了动力缸排气消声器和百叶窗式进风消声器等,经测试增压站内噪声由９３ｄＢ（Ａ）～１０１ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８１ｄＢ（Ａ）～８８ｄＢ（Ａ）。单台增压机运行时冷却风机噪声由９６ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８２．５ｄＢ（Ａ）。排气消声器噪声由９２ｄＢ（Ａ）降为８１ｄＢ（Ａ）。值班室噪声由５５ｄＢ（Ａ）降为５２．５ｄＢ（Ａ）,治理后达到了预期的效果。     

对欠发达地区工业噪声监测及管理的思考

西北地区土地资源相对充裕,但经济欠发达,尤其是中小城镇,城市建设呈现出大分散、小集中的特点。小城镇的工业布局也往往松散,有相当数量的工业企业厂界外是空旷地带,对这类工业企业厂界噪声的监测与管理,多年来存在一些不容忽视的问题。主要表现在：对工业噪声监测与管理一刀切,噪声功能区划分过于笼统,将厂界噪声监测值简单地套用所处区域环境噪声标准,超标即收费,没有具体分析噪声源周围环境的差异,机械地进行监测和管理,影响了欠发达地区的经济发展。《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》第二条对“环境噪声”和“环境噪声…     

对电源车辆噪声标准的探讨

通过对电源车辆产品噪声特性的试验研究，对比分析，对电源车辆提出了可行的噪声标准的基本内容。     

剥壳机系统噪声控制技术

剥壳机生产系统将胡豆打碎和去壳时发出严重的扰民噪声,对产生噪声的设备和管道采用隔声和吸声控制措施。结果表明,效果十分明显,达到了国家环境噪声排放标准。     

油气勘探钻井作业噪声测量和评价标准探讨

陆上油气勘探钻井作业施工是一项临时作业行为,具有施工期不固定、作业边界不规则、发声设备多等特性。依据现行国家有关噪声标准,对其施工作业过程中排放的噪声进行测量与评价都不具有客观符合性,存在一定缺陷。在简要分析陆上油气钻井作业基本情况和现行国家相关噪声标准的基础上,参考GB 12523—2011《建筑施工场界环境噪声排放标准》,提出了陆上油气钻井作业施工噪声影响分档设置测量与评价标准和最近敏感点设置测量与评价标准,可以更真实客观地测量和评价噪声影响情况。     

井场噪声的危害与防治

井场噪声一直是个困扰和危害石油钻井工人的老大难问题。工人长期工作于高强度噪声环境下,身心健康受到极大危害。本文分析了噪声来源,并对其进行了监测,发现井场噪声远远超过了国家标准。防治措施可以从设备改造,职工防护两方面进行,以达到高效、优质钻井,不断发展石油工业的目的。     

通过GIS建模对电厂噪声分布进行分析

噪声分布是有规律可循的,可通过实际测量得到,但为了提高效率,实际测量也应根据规律进行.通过空间建模,对噪声分布规律进行初步分析,在此基础上进行测量,为测量噪声提供依据,并可进行有效率评估.首先进行数据组织,然后进行空间分析建模,再运行模型,可得到理想的噪声分布情况.     

黄葛增压站的噪声综合治理

根据黄葛增压站周边环境状况、增压机噪声强度及频谱分析特性,结合吸音、隔音、扩容、变频、减震、阻尼等降噪原理和治理技术,提出了该站噪声最优化的治理方案。监测结果表明,黄葛增压站噪声治理后的厂界噪声达到了《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(GB12348-90)规定的三类标准要求,该治理方法切实可行。     

工业企业厂界噪声测量问题探讨

围绕现行的GB12348—2008《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》在厂界噪声测量中测量指标不明确、方法简单、测点位置未细化等问题,通过对增压站、集输站等进行厂界噪声测量,对存在问题进行分析探讨,提出解决这些问题的方法与改进建议。     

浅议“环境试验设备技术条件”新标准

2006年至2008年，89版“环境试验设备技术条件”相继修订发布。本文着重阐述了“环境试验设备技术条件”新旧标准的变化及其与GB／T5170的关系。     

新颁布的GB/T 10586-2006《湿热试验箱技术条件》介绍

本文介绍了GB／T 10586—2006《湿热试验箱技术条件》的修订过程。新老标准的区别，贯彻新标准应注意的问题。     

Measuring Plant Cover in Sagebrush Steppe Rangelands: A Comparison of Methods

Methods that are more cost-effective and objective are needed to detect important vegetation change within acceptable error rates. The objective of this research was to compare visual estimation to three new methods for determining vegetation cover in the sagebrush steppe. Fourteen management units at the US Sheep Experiment Station were identified for study. In each unit, 20 data collection points were selected for measuring plant cover using visual estimation, laser-point frame (LPF), 2 m above-ground-level (AGL) digital imagery, and 100-m AGL digital imagery. In 11 of 14 management units, determinations of vegetation cover differed (P < 0.05). However, when combined, overall determinations of vegetation cover did not differ. Standard deviation, corrected sums of squares, coefficient of variation, and standard error for the 100 m AGL method were half as large as for the LPF and less than the 2-m AGL and visual estimate. For the purpose of measuring plant cover, all three new methods are as good as or better than visual estimation for speed, standard deviation, and cost. The acquisition of a permanent image of a location is an important advantage of the 2 and 100 m AGL methods because vegetation can be reanalyzed using improved software or to answer different questions, and changes in vegetation over time can be more accurately determined. The reduction in cost per sample, the increased speed of sampling, and the smaller standard deviation associated with the 100-m AGL digital imagery are compelling arguments for adopting this vegetation sampling method.     

集多项新技术的高效节能电除尘器的研究和应用

在当今环保新标准即将出台的大背景下,综合应用各种新技术是电除尘器应对挑战的有效方法之一。本文介绍了一种采用新一代控制系统和机电一体化技术的高效节能型电除尘器,介绍了多项新技术包括新型电晕线、新型双区、新型结构、节能技术以及新型高频电源等,并介绍了它们的应用情况。这些研究和讨论有助于广大用户对电除尘器新技术的综合应用加深理解。     

垃圾焚烧厂二噁英达标排放探讨

垃圾焚烧厂是二噁英分解器。采用机电光气一体化高新技术来建造焚烧厂,可确保二噁英达标排放。     

HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR REGIONAL WATER RESOURCES PLANNING1

The emphasis upon comprehensive regional water resources planning in the past decade has encouraged the hydrologic engineer to take advantage of improvements in technology to develop new hydrologic engineering techniques for use in regional planning studies. The new techniques are necessary because the traditional hydro-logic engineering techniques are not always consistent with the increased scope and diversified objectives of regional planning studies. The Hydrologic Engineering Center has been involved in aiding in the development of some of these new techniques as the result of studies that have been made in cooperation with other Corps of Engineers offices. Most of the new techniques being developed emphasize computational procedures developed specifically for use with electronic computers. Applications of new techniques range from framework studies to planning of day-to-day operation criteria. Studies recently completed or in progress include: (1) development of a regional flood control site screening plan for the North Atlantic Region study; (2) use of streamflow simulation for planning and operation of the Missouri River mainstem projects; (3) development of an operation plan for the Arkansas-White-Red Rivers Reservoir System; (4) standard project flood and flood frequency estimates for the Colorado River Basin Framework Study; and several other projects which are described in more detail in the following paragraphs. One of the initial efforts in regional analysis was the formulation of procedures for determining standard project flood estimates for southern California coastal streams using generalized criteria. Techniques were developed that were readily adaptable to the computer and which would determine representative unit hydrographs, losses and standard project precipitation for any location in the study area. The resulting standard project flood estimates were consistent with the accuracy required for framework studies; however, they could be refined easily for design studies. As a result of the recent drought in the Northeastern United States, a study was made to evaluate both present and future water supply reservoirs in that region. The study consisted of computerized studies of the hypothetical operation of a large number of reservoirs as a system. The reservoirs were on many different streams throughout the region and had varying constraints, depending upon the stream and the state in which the reservoir was located. Since only preliminary data was available on the proposed reservoirs, it was not possible to refine the studies to a large degree. However, the models of each system can be easily refined as more accurate design data become available. The development of a computer-aided screening procedure for use in evaluating several hundred potential reservoir sites for the Missouri River Basin Comprehensive Framework Study is a third example of regional analysis. The adopted procedures used available physical, hydrologic, and climatologic data in estimating reservoir storage requirements throughout the basin. Because the procedure is based upon the techniques often used in more refined studies, it is expected that the results of the screening study will be very useful in future planning and design work. Shortcomings of some of the traditional techniques have helped in the development of new techniques. For maximum usefulness the new techniques should: (1) be consistent with the scope, objectives, and requirements of the overall study; (2) use all available physical, hydrologic, and climatologic data without requiring extensive data which may not be available; (3) take full advantage of the capabilities of the computer and associated data processing systems; and (4) produce results which form a firm basis for future, more detailed, planning and design studies instead of being limited in usefulness largely to the study at hand.     

基于十圩港考核断面达标的入江支流污染来源研究

泰州靖江市新十圩港大桥省考断面近年来水质出现超标现象,为了控制该断面水质达标,不让超标水汇入长江.基于水文、水质和污染源资料,建立了靖江市十圩港河流一维水环境数学模型.利用控制断面达标法、污染影响分担率计算法得到十圩港河道的水环境容量与各镇分担率.与现状污染物入河量对比,从而确定了研究区域内各类污染物的削减量;根据各入...     

信息技术类产品CCC认证使用的EMC标准变化分析

本文对信息技术类产品CCC认证中使用的电磁兼容标准进变化行了介绍,详尽分析了GB 9254-2008修改单的内容和GB 17625.1新旧版本标准的差异,并对使用这两个标准的注意事项进行了说明。     

国外油气田采出水处理新进展

对油气田采出水，国外普遍采用的处理方法是回注。但是在没有回注条件的地区必须将采出水处理后排放在地表水系，而对排放在地表水系的水有严格的规定，现在有些国家执行排放水含油量40mg／L的新标准，废止72mg／L的标准，原有污水处理设施需要改进。针对这个问题，文章介绍了国外在执行新标准后采用的新的油气田采出水处理工艺、设备以及新型澄清剂。     

新排污收费制度

排污收费制度是环境保护的一项有效的经济手段,2003年7月1日,我国开始实施新的排污收费制度。本文对新排污收费制度在排污费收费标准、排污费征收管理和排污费使用管理三方面的改革进行了较为深入的分析。