污染土壤与地下水修复工程环境监理实践探讨——以某修复工程为例

为解决土壤与地下水污染问题,近几年开展污染土壤与地下水修复的地块越来越多。土壤与地下水修复工程属于生态环境工程,隐蔽性和复杂性是其突出特点,极易引发二次污染问题。环境监理是土壤与地下水修复工程中的关键环节,对控制土壤与地下水修复工程效果、二次污染防控起到关键作用。以某地块污染土壤与地下水修复工程环境监理实践经验为例,阐述土壤修复工程环境监理要点、技术方法,以期对类似修复工程开展环境监理工作有所帮助。     

专家带您看展会 绿色可持续环境修复将大有可为

正正通过十年的发展,污染土壤和地下水修复产业已快速成长,涉及城市污染场地修复、矿山土壤污染修复及农田土壤污染修复和管控等领域,形成了土壤污染调查、分析检测、修复、管控、工程监理和效果评估等咨询、检测、工程及药剂和装备生产的产业链,出现了一批龙头企业。为打赢"净土保卫战",污染土壤和地下水修复这个新兴环保行业,已成为我国环保产业的重要组成部分。近年来生态环境部正抓紧建立土壤和地下水环境修复的技术标准,2019年1月1日起开始实施的《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》,为土壤和地下水环境修复的规范发展提供了法律和技术保障,可以预计土壤和地下水修复产业发展势头良好,是环保产业新的增长点,促进了土地     

基于零价铁(ZVI)的化学还原修复技术

介绍了零价铁的性质特点以及基于零价铁的化学还原技术在污染土壤和地下水修复中的应用,着重介绍了其反应机理、影响因素,并通过中试研究验证了该技术对于氯化脂肪族化合物(CAHs)污染地下水的修复效果。     

三氯乙烯污染地下水的原位修复技术研究及应用现状

三氯乙烯(TCE)在工业生产中的大规模使用，使其成为土壤和地下水中分布最广泛的污染物之一。本文综述了TCE污染地下水的原位修复方法，包括化学氧化法、电动修复法、生物修复以及渗透反应格栅技术，文章并对今后研究发展趋势进行了讨论。     

EHC原位生物化学修复地下水技术

<正>由北京宜为凯姆环境技术有限公司开发的EHC原位生物化学修复地下水技术,适用于饱和层地下水和土壤的原位修复,可处理的有机污染物包括含氯溶剂、氯苯、有机炸药、大多数农药、卤代烷和硝酸盐等。主要技术内容一、基本原理EHC药剂由缓释碳源、强还原性矿物质和营养物质组成,协同化学还原和厌氧生物修复机理降解地下水中     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液对地下水污染的修复技术

在查阅国内外相关文献资料的基础上，综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的产生以及对地下水的污染，介绍了垃圾渗滤液污染控制措施，包括顶部覆盖层、垃圾分层填埋、地表入渗水导流等；然后主要介绍了地下水的原位修复技术，包括加药法、地下曝气法、生物修复，等。     

浅析生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用

生物修复技术是目前人们比较关注的一种新型石油污染治理技术。文章简要介绍了生物修复技术在石油污染的土壤、河流、湖泊、地下水、海洋领域的应用,阐述了该技术的研究将大力推进生物高科技的发展,对环保科技的发展具有重大意义。     

污染场地修复技术的种类

本文旨在归纳总结目前国内外对污染场地的修复的各种技术。认为场地修复通常包括污染土修复和含水层净化等2个方面。污染土常见的处理技术目前大致可归纳为6类，即微生物修复技术、化学处理技术、物理分离技术、固化／安定化技术、高温处理技术、植物修复技术等。而污染地下水的修复方法主要有5项：注气法、原位微生物修复技术、两相蒸气提取法、原位氧化法、原位反应墙技术等。     

地下水中苯系物污染修复研究进展

苯系物(苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯,BTEX)是重要的环境污染物之一。BTEX高溶解,高挥发,高毒性的特点使其成为地下水污染关注的特点。强调了地下水中苯系物的来源及相关性质,总结了治理苯系物的历史应用技术,介绍了新兴修复技术并展望了未来的发展方向,为地下水中苯系物的处理提供借鉴。     

钝化剂对土壤重金属污染修复研究进展

总结了常见的钝化剂包括石灰性物质、炭材料、粘土矿物、含磷材料、有机肥和农业废弃物等对土壤重金属污染修复的原理、技术和方法。介绍了钝化剂对土壤重金属修复的效果和注意事项,并对钝化剂进行土壤重金属污染修复的前景和目前存在的问题进行了展望。     

The influence of nitrate on selenium in irrigated agricultural groundwater systems

Selenium (Se) contamination of groundwater is an environmental concern especially in areas where aquifer systems are underlain by Se-bearing geologic formations such as marine shale. This study examined the influence of nitrate (NO?) on Se species in irrigated soil and groundwater systems and presents results from field and laboratory studies that further clarify this influence. Inhibition of selenate (SeO?) reduction in the presence of NO? and the oxidation of reduced Se from shale by autotrophic denitrification were investigated. Groundwater sampling from piezometers near an alluvium-shale interface suggests that SeO? present in the groundwater was due in part to autotrophic denitrification. Laboratory shale oxidation batch studies indicate that autotrophic denitrification is a major driver in the release of SeO? and sulfate. Similar findings occurred for a shale oxidation flow-through column study, with 70 and 31% more reduced Se and S mass, respectively, removed from the shale material in the presence of NO? than in its absence. A final laboratory flow-through column test was performed with shallow soil samples to assess the inhibition of SeO? reduction in the presence of NO?, with results suggesting that a concentration of NO? of approximately 5 mg L or greater will diminish the reduction of SeO?. The inclusion of the fate and transport of NO? and dissolved oxygen is imperative when studying or simulating the fate and transport of Se species in soil and groundwater systems.     

秦皇岛沿海地下水脆弱性评价

在介绍地下水脆弱性及其评价方法的基础上，分析了秦皇岛沿海地区地下水脆弱性的影响因素。应用DRASTIC方法与GIS技术耦合的模型，对该区地下水脆弱性进行评价，并进行了脆弱性分区。     

MODELING THE IMPACT OF SUBSURFACE NUTRIENT FLUX ON WATER QUALITY IN THE LOWER TRUCKEE RWER,NEVADA1

ABSTRACT: The impacts of regional groundwater quality and local agricultural activities on in-stream water quality in the Lower Truckee River, Nevada, were assessed through a detailed program of monitoring and computer simulation. An agricultural diversion and return-flow were monitored in great detail to determine mass loading rates of nutrients from agriculture in the area. Once characterized, the cumulative impacts of agricultural diversions and return-flows were evaluated using the Water Quality Assessment Program (WASP) to model nitrogen, phosphorus, periphyton, and dissolved oxygen. Monitoring showed that a significant proportion of the water diverted for agricultural purposes returned to the river as surface point return-flow (estimated at 13.9 percent $ 0.1 percent), and as groundwater diffuse return-flow (estimated at 27 percent $ 6 percent). Modeling efforts demonstrated the significant effect of assumed regional groundwater quality (nitrate) upon predicted periphyton growth and associated diel fluctuations of dissolved oxygen.     

From open access to access by all: restating challenges in designing groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh, India

In a village-based watershed in Andhra Pradesh, India, it is increasingly difficult for users to access and extract groundwater for irrigation: a 'pumping race' is taking place. A move from groundwater development towards groundwater management is required, with a new perspective on options for change. Through a study of borewell technology and groundwater use, and considering new local developments in electricity supply and participatory resource management, the article argues that groundwater is a resource with 'instructions for use'. The technological dimensions of groundwater irrigation urge its study as a socio-technical process in order to design sustainable and equitable groundwater management.     

Responses of red-osier dogwood to oil sands tailings treated with gypsum or alum

The application of composite or consolidated tailings (CT) technology provides Alberta's oil sands industry with a means of reducing the volume of the fines fraction in extraction tailings and allows for faster reclamation and revegetation of mining sites. This study examined the effects of coagulant aids (gypsum and alum), used in the production of CT, on the ion content, growth, and survival of greenhouse-grown red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L. subsp. sericea). Seedlings were planted in gypsum-CT and alum-CT substrates, and compared with those planted in reclamation material (salvaged peat and till). The seedlings were bottom-watered with one of the following: (i) Hoagland mineral solution prepared in deionized water (Epstein, 1972); (ii) Hoagland solution in gypsum-based CT release water; or (iii) Hoagland solution in alum-based CT release water. Pore water of CT substrates and CT release waters had similar chemical characteristics, including salinity levels. However, plants in CT substrates had higher concentrations of ions (particularly Na and B), reduced growth, and higher mortality than plants in reclamation material and treated with CT waters. The presence of H2S indicated low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrates, while in the reclamation materials with CT release water treatments, no evidence of sulfides was observed. Low-oxygen conditions in the CT substrate treatments may have interfered with plant exclusion mechanisms for Na and B. Therefore, substrate properties may modify responses of reclamation plants to pore water chemistry due to the effects on oxygen availability to roots.     

石油烃污染地下水的修复

地下水受石油烃类污染以其污染普遍、危害性巨大、去除困难以及治理费用昂贵而受到各国环境学者和水文地质学者的关注。概述了石油烃污染地下水处理技术的进展，并对今后研究发展趋势进行了讨论。     

利用氮、氧稳定同位素识别地下水硝酸盐污染源研究进展

氮污染特别是地下水硝酸盐污染已成为一个相当普遍而重要的环境问题。地下水硝酸盐污染与人类健康和环境安全密切相关。为控制地下水硝酸盐污染,最根本的解决办法就是找到硝酸盐的来源,减少硝态氮向地下水的输送。由于不同来源的硝酸盐具有不同的氮、氧同位素组成,人们利用NO3-中δ15N和δ18O开展了硝酸盐污染源识别研究。本文综述了利用氮、氧同位素识别地下水硝酸盐污染源及定量硝酸盐污染源输入的研究进展及目前存在的问题,并提出几个值得重视的研究方向。     

Assessment of spatial-temporal patterns of surface and ground water qualities and factors influencing management strategy of groundwater system in an urban river corridor of Nepal

This study examined the spatial-temporal variations and factors influencing the management of groundwater along a section of the Bagmati river corridor in the Kathmandu valley (Nepal). The results showed that rural areas were less polluted than urban areas. In urban areas, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranged from 8.41 to 29.74 mg/L, 6.7 to 128.96 mg/L and 0.06 to 1.5 mg/L, respectively. In rural areas, the BOD, TN and TP concentrations ranged from 0.78 to 18.25 mg/L, 4.8 to 11.56 mg/L and 0.07 to 0.65 mg/L, respectively. The level of organics was higher in the pre-monsoon season, while the level of nutrients was higher in post-monsoon season. A comparison of the groundwater and surface water in the upstream rural areas revealed that the TP concentration was higher in the groundwater than in the surface water, which was attributed to the sorption of phosphorus on iron, aluminum or calcium compounds contained in the surface water, which depends upon the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. In urban areas, a few wells were found at groundwater levels lower than the corresponding surface water levels and were subjected to a high risk of pollution. Overall, these findings reinforce the notion that the management of surface and ground waters in an integrated approach is essential for attaining sustainable development of groundwater systems.     

Groundwater characterization in major industrial and residential locations of Lagos metropolis

This study investigated the quality of groundwater collected from two industrial and residential locations, each within the Lagos metropolis. Prescribed standard procedures of the American Public Health Association (APHA) were used to measure the physicochemical parameters of each of the groundwater samples, which include pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand; the anions chloride (Cl^?), nitrate (NO₃^?), sulfate (SO₄^?), and phosphate (PO₄^?); and heavy metals copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr). Based on the laboratory analysis, the physicochemical parameters that were measured were within the permissible ranges specified by the World Health Organization and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), except for pH, TDS, EC, Pb, Mn, and Fe for groundwater samples from the industrial locations and for pH, Pb, Mn, and Fe for residential locations. The elevated concentrations of TDS and EC reported for groundwater samples from industrial locations were attributed to the heavy discharge of effluents from nearby industrial treatment plants as well as the dissolution of ionic heavy metals from industrial activities involving the use of heavy machines. Statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation revealed the physicochemical parameters to be moderately and strongly correlated with one another at either p < .05 or < .01. In conclusion, groundwater samples from residential locations are more suitable for drinking than those from industrial locations.