浙江紫金牛属植物资源研究

对浙江境内原生分布的紫金牛属植物资源进行了调查和分析.在紫金牛属植物13个种类的引种驯化栽培、生物制药与园林花卉企业紫金牛属植物产业化开发调研的基础上,对其主要种类的药用价值和园林应用进行了评价,对该属植物的资源保护和开发利用提出了相应的对策.     

雷波县猕猴桃属植物资源调查与开发利用

通过对四川省雷波县猕猴桃属植物的全面系统调查研究,发现雷波县有猕猴桃种类8个,变种5个,不但种类多,而且果实蕴藏量较大,具有巨大的潜在开发利用价值.针对当前猕猴桃属植物利用率低的现状,提出了开发利用对策.     

高原人参—红景天的适生环境

高原人参──红景天的适生环境黄德昌，岳安云，张启碧，张清华（甘孜州气象局，康定６２６０００）红景天属景天科，生长在号称世界屋脊的青藏高原海拔４０００ｍ以上高寒带的寒漠上中，是一种天然的多年生草本植物，藏名苏罗玛布。红景天生长在高寒缺氧、人迹罕至的“净...     

川渝地区升麻属植物资源的开发利用

根据对川渝地区升麻属植物资源的调查研究,论述了该地区升麻属植物的种类、生物学特征、分布及利用价值,并提出了开发利用升麻属植物资源的建议.     

山东省中国特有种子植物多样性调查与空间分布

特有植物的研究对于植物区系的历史发展和现状具有重要意义。以县域为单位,调查了山东省中国特有种子植物种类、区系性质及其空间分布格局。结果表明,山东省共有中国特有种子植物226种,隶属于59科143属;按生活型进行划分,有木本植物52属98种,草本植物91属128种;按分布区类型划分,可分为14个分布型;从空间分布来看,中国特有种子植物在120个县域单元中的种类数介于10~153之间,呈现出鲁中南山地和胶东丘陵区特有物种丰富多样,鲁西北平原区特有物种种类单调贫乏的特征。     

《川西高原野生花卉图谱》——好书推荐

正《川西高原野生花卉图谱》是由四川省自然资源科学研究院编著,四川科学技术出版社2016年9月正式出版发行的。全书收录了川西高原常见的56个科184个属398种野生花卉植物,采用了911张植物彩色图片,并附有形态特征描述、分布地点、海拔高度、生长环境等介绍,是展示川西高原野生花卉种类最多的图册。该书专业性很强,亦可作为野生花卉爱好者和旅游者野外考察识别植物的工具书。     

《川西高原野生花卉图谱》——好书推荐

正《川西高原野生花卉图谱》是由四川省自然资源科学研究院编著,四川科学技术出版社2016年9月正式出版发行的。全书收录了川西高原常见的56个科184个属398种野花卉植物,采用了911张植物彩色图片,井附有形态特征描述、分布地点、海拔高度、生长环凌等介绍,是展示了川西高原野生花卉种类最多的图册该书专业性很强,亦可作为野生花卉爱好者和旅游者野外考察识别植物的工具书。     

黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的调查研究与利用

报告了采用踏查法和访问调查法对黄山市蜡梅属植物资源的种类及其利用现状的调查研究结果,阐述了蜡梅属植物的利用价值,提出了开发利用柳叶蜡梅植物资源的建议.     

凉山杜鹃资源及其开发利用

全世界有杜鹃属植物800多种,我国约有650种。我国是世界上杜鹃属植物种类最多的国家,主要分布在云南、四川和西藏等省区的高海拔地区;其中四川约有200种,资源非常丰富。杜鹃属植物既是绿化和观赏植物,又是很有价值的药用植物。多年来,经我国广大医药科研人员的努力,从杜鹃属植物中已分离出防治慢性气管炎的有效成分,并     

黄荆自然保护区植物区系的初步研究

黄荆自然保护区地处四川盆地与云贵高原的过渡地带,地带性植被为亚热带偏湿性常绿阔叶林,有种子植物165科745属1521种,其中裸子植物9科19属24种,被子植物156科726属1497种.该区特殊的自然条件和复杂的地质构造,使其成为多种植物地理成分的汇集地,并成为我国乃至全世界亚热带(同纬度)地区保存较好的常绿阔叶林植被群落,具有极高的研究价值和生态价值.根据近年来的科学考察,认为黄荆自然保护区植物区系的种类丰富、珍稀特有植物较多、起源古老、区系成分复杂,显示出多方植物交汇的特点.     

Effect of Grazing and Climatic Changes on Alpine Vegetation of Tungnath,Garhwal Himalaya,India

Effect of grazing and changing climate on vegetation composition of alpine pasture at Tungnath, Garhwal Himalaya was observed. Growth form pattern and phytosociological attributes were analyzed during 1988 under grazed (exposed to extensive grazing) and ungrazed (protected from grazing) conditions. These observations were repeated during 1998. It was observed that number of early growing species and long vegetative growth cycle species had increased at both sites in 1998 in comparison to 1988. Further, some species, viz., Poa alpina, Polygonum spp., Ranunculus hirtellus, Anemone spp., are predominantly found near the timberline-subalpine region. These species are less palatable and were present at both sites with higher dominance (TBC) and niche width in 1998 indicating wide distribution of the species along an altitudinal gradient. These observations indicated the migration of these species towards upper slopes of alpine. Species diversity was also higher after ten years. However, it is clear that climatic changes alone are not responsible for these vegetational shifts. In fact, human-induced changes are the main reason for habitat destruction and changes in vegetation composition of the alpine region of Garhwal Himalaya. Before final conclusions can be made, long-term studies on vegetation composition and changes are needed, especially in Himalayan region.     

红景天提取物在抗氧化方面的应用研究

为进一步开发利用红景天，用光度法和ESR对红景天提取物的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明，红景天提取物对羟自由基、香烟烟气自由基的清除率分别达74．8％、21．5％，对脂质过氧化的抑制率为70．1％，表明红景天具有很好的抗氧化作用。     

EFFECTS OF SOIL TYPE,PLOT CONDITION,AND SLOPE ON RUNOFF AND INTERRILL EROSION OF TWO SOILS IN THE LAKE TAHOE BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Few studies have addressed sediment discharge due to interrill erosion from natural and minimally disturbed alpine and subalpine forested watersheds. Infiltration, runoff, and surface erosion of two Tahoe Basin soils under several conditions were investigated using rainfall simulation. A significant three-way interaction among soil type, plot condition, and slope was identified. Although high erodibiity was commonly associated with disturbance and/or high slope, this was not always the case. Soil type, plot condition, slope, and duration of the event were all found to be important factors in determining the amount of erosion. Decreased water clarity in Lake Tahoe has been partly attributed to increased algal growth associated with surface runoff and erosion from adjacent watersheds. Interpretive evaluation for resource management planning should be event based and carefully delineated on a sitespecific basis.     

Effects of sheep and goat grazing on the species diversity in the alpine meadows of Western Himalaya

This paper deals with effects of sheep and goat grazing on plant species diversity, species richness and species composition in two important conservation areas of the Western Himalaya; the Valley of Flowers (VOF) National Park and the Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP). The VOF is a completely Protected Area as it is devoid of livestock grazing whereas, 20,000 sheep and goats annually graze in GHNP. Both the National Parks possess sub-alpine and alpine vegetation that is distributed in 13 major habitat types. Present investigations indicate that all the habitat types in VOF are higher in plant species diversity and richness compared to habitat types in GHNP. Similarly, all three eco-climatic zones in VOF are higher in species diversity and richness compared to GHNP. Species diversity also decreases with increasing altitude in both the National Parks. The findings of this study are discussed in the light of the management and conservation of alpine meadows of the Western Himalayas.     

Use of Remote-Trip Cameras for Wildlife Surveys and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Conservation Activities at a Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province,China

Monitoring the effectiveness of management activities within reserves is always a complicated task. When the focus of management activities is mammals, it is difficult to monitor their populations in a way that is rapid, effective, and inexpensive. We report on a mammal survey of a reserve in southwest China using remote-trip cameras. We surveyed 329 locations over 2 field seasons in 2002 and 2003. Sixteen species of mammals were detected with these cameras, with four species documented for the first time. After accounting for variation due to slope, aspect, elevation, and habitat type, the distribution of six species was positively associated with the location of conservation stations and/or patrolling routes. Species of medium-sized mammals are excellent candidates for monitoring programs based on these cameras, due to their relative abundance, sufficient size to be detected by the camera units, and sensitivity to human activity. The distribution of mammals relative to management efforts is a relatively rapid means to assess reserve effectiveness. The repeat use of the cameras as part of a monitoring plan should provide a quantifiable measure of reserve effectiveness.     

EFFECTS OF WOODY VEGETATION ON SANDY LEVEE INTEGRITY1

he influence of woody vegetation on the reliability of a sandy levee was investigated using field data in seepage and slope stability analyses. Field data were collected from selected sites within a 10-km segment of a channel levee on the Sacramento River near Elkhorn, California. Root architecture and distribution were determined using the profile-wall method in which root cross sections were exposed in the vertical wall of an excavated trench. Transects running both parallel and perpendicular to the crest of the levee were excavated at six sites. Each site was dominated by different plant species: five sites were adjacent to trees or woody shrubs, while one supported only herbaceous growth. Lateral plant roots were primarily restricted to, and modified, the near-surface soil horizons to a depth of approximately 1 meter. Root area ratios (RARs) did not exceed 2.02 percent and generally decreased exponentially with depth. At depths greater than 20 cm, mean RARs for sites dominated by wood species were not significantly different from the mean RAB for the herbaceous site. No open voids clearly attributable to plant roots were observed. Roots reinforced the levee soil and increased shear resistance in a measurable manner. Infinite slope and circular arc stability analyses were performed on the landward and riverward slopes under different hydraulic loading conditions. Infinite slope analyses indicated increasing root area ratio from 0.01 percent to 1 percent increased the factor of safety from less than one to more than seven. Circular arc analyses indicated that even the lower measured root concentrations sufficed to increase safety factors for arcs with maximum depths of about 1 m from less than one to about 1.2. Our findings suggest that allowing woody shrubs and small trees on levees would provide environmental benefits and would enhance structural integrity without the hazards associated with large trees such as wind-throwing.     

Monitoring of Gin Drinkers' Bay landfill,Hong Kong: II. Gas contents,soil properties,and vegetation performance on the side slope

This second part of the study concerned the plant cover, gas contents, and soil properties of the side slope area of the landfill, which is not protected against gas infiltration. Five different sites on the slope and a control site outside the landfill were chosen, and pipes were installed in the region. Gas contents were tested, and plant cover recorded by quadrat analysis Over 20 species of grasses, herbs, and vines were present on the slope The relative adaptabilities of the species were ranked according to the abundance of the plants Plant cover was found to be negatively correlated with landfill gas contents. The landfill soil had elevated contents of nitrogen, organic carbon, and extractable metals Total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, and extractable lead were further identified to be negatively correlated while available phosphate was positively correlated with plant cover     

Assessing the impacts of mountain biking and hiking on subalpine grassland in Australia using an experimental protocol

Mountain biking is an increasingly popular, but sometimes controversial, activity in protected areas. Limited research on its impacts, including studies comparing biking with hiking, contributes to the challenges for mangers in assessing its appropriateness. The impacts of mountain bike riding off trail were compared to those of hiking on subalpine grassland in Australia using a modification of a common trampling experimental methodology. Vegetation and soil parameters were measured immediately and two weeks after different intensities of mountain biking (none, 25, 75, 200 and 500 passes across slope, 200 pass up and down slope) and hiking (200 and 500 passes across slope). There were reductions in vegetation height, cover and species richness, as well as changes in species composition and increases in litter and soil compaction with riding. Riding up and down a moderate slope had a greater impact than riding across the slope. Hiking also affected vegetation height, cover and composition. Mountain biking caused more damage than hiking but only at high use (500 passes). Further research including other ecosystems, topography, styles of riding, and weather conditions are required, but under the conditions tested here, hiking and mountain biking appear to be similar in their environmental impacts.     

西藏高山松松脂资源及其开发利用前景

本文在西藏高山松进行的采脂试验和对松脂及其加工产品松香，松节油的成分，含量和质量分析的基础上，论述了西藏高山松松脂资源潜在的质量优势及其潜在的经济效益，据此结合西藏的实际，对开发利用高山松松脂资源的前景作了分析并提出了几点建议。     

拉萨河流域高寒湿地水质影响因子分析

西藏高寒湿地在生态平衡、生态建设和经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。本文以西藏拉萨河流域内各个典型高寒湿地为研究对象,通过系统聚类法和综合污染指数法,对流域内各项水质指标进行综合分析和评价。结果表明：各个湿地的总N、Cu元素含量都超出了Ⅰ类水质标准;总P、Zn没有超标;Mn元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标3倍外,其他均小于国家标准;Fe元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标7倍外,其他均小于标准。总N、总P、pH值、Cu、Fe等因子对拉萨河流域内各个高寒湿地水质污染贡献最大。拉萨河水体有机污染较重,其余各个湿地有水体富营养化的趋势,同时流域内湿地独特的自然因素造成该流域内重金属污染偏高。对策建议包括应加大对城市污水的治理,加强流域内及周边矿藏资源的开发管理等。