土地利用战略分区研究框架初探

土地利用战略研究是新一轮土地利用总体规划的重要内容,但目前的土地利用战略研究多是从区域整体角度进行分析,未体现区域内部空间差异,对制定差异化土地政策的指导性不强.土地利用战略分区研究可使分区结果与土地政策调控形成互动机制,提高其指导性,从而促进区域土地合理利用与有序开发,实现区域统筹发展.对土地利用战略分区的主要研究内容与原则、指标体系选择、研究方法与思路等进行了探讨,希望对完善土地利用战略及分区研究有所裨益.     

基于产业发展的土地利用分区研究——以皖江城市带为例

介绍了土地利用分区的目的和原则,以皖江城市带为例,探讨了分区指标的选取。采用多因子加权综合分析法,初步确定土地利用综合分区方案,然后在综合分区的基础上,通过产业类型、土地等别及产业现状与规划导向的修正,得出皖江城市带重点承接转移的6类产业的分区情况。     

中国土地整理分区研究进展与展望

合理划分土地整理区,明确不同区域土地整理的类型与方向,是制定土地整理标准和技术措施的基础,也是编制土地整治规划的基础。分析了包括土地整理功能分区、土地整理工程类型分区和土地整理潜力分区在内的中国土地整理分区研究新进展,探讨了目前研究中存在的问题和今后研究的主要方向。     

土地利用分区背景下的土地生态安全研究以皖江城市带为例

在土地利用分区的背景下,以皖江城市带为研究对象,基于2012年皖江城市带各地级市土地生态安全的相关数据,从压力、状态和响应3个方面构建皖江城市带土地生态安全评价指标体系,对各土地利用分区的土地生态安全状况进行分析。结果表明:1皖中区除了六安的土地生态安全等级为"较安全"外,其余都处于"危险"级;沿江区中安庆处于"较安全"级,芜湖和马鞍山处于"危险"级,铜陵处于"预警"级;皖南区除宣城处于"预警"外,其余均处于"较安全"级。2皖江城市带土地生态安全东西分异明显,且各区内影响土地生态安全水平的指标各不相同。针对评价结果,提出了调控土地生态安全水平的措施与建议:皖中区应将改善土地生态安全状态和集约用地放在首位,沿江区应将提高土地利用效益放在首位,皖南区应坚持生态优先、适度开发。     

许昌市土地资源利用结构优化配置研究

土地资源优化配置是城市化进程中面临的主要问题,土地利用结构优化配置是土地利用总体规划的主要内容和基本方法,也是区域经济和社会发展规划的重要依据.在对许昌市土地利用变化分析的基础上,结合当地社会经济发展的需求和有关规划控制指标,借助线性规划模型求解未来许昌市土地利用结构的优化方案,力求提高土地利用的综合效益,实现土地资源永续利用和国民经济持续发展.     

石羊河流域土地利用类型变化与转换效果分析

石羊河流域水土资源的供需状况成为决定该地区发展的生命线。随着地区社会经济的发展,土地利用的格局、深度和强度在不断变化,土地利用的类型也趋于多样化。利用石羊河流域1980年、1990年、2010年三期土地现状数据分析该流域各县市的土地利用类型的变化,比较1980—1990年、1990—2010年两个时段土地利用转换,引入上升性理论与方法分析两个时段土地利用类型转移的整体效果。从分析结果来看,随着土地利用类型的转移,整体上提高了石羊河流域土地资源利用的效益与效率,提升了流域土地利用的发展潜力空间。     

基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用规划环境评价研究

在对土地利用规划环境评价技术方法存在的问题进行评述的基础上,引入生态系统服务价值作为其评价指标,并对滨淮县某镇的土地利用总体规划进行案例分析.结果表明,生态系统服务价值在土地利用规划环境评价中的应用可把各土地利用类型的生态效益转化为简单易懂的货币形式,可对土地利用规划方案的生态效益进行定量化评估.     

公众参与市容环境规划与管理的方法设计--以南京市的实践为例

市容环境是与公众生活联系最为紧密的领域,也是公众参与最容易进行的领域。南京的城市建设要实现“经济发达、环境优美、融古都特色和现代文明于一体的现代化江滨城市”的目标,公众参与市容环境的规划与管理是关键内容之一。论文以“南京市市容环境卫生发展规划”项目工作为基础,分析和阐述公众参与的内涵,提出公众参与市容环境的五大步骤,并针对南京市容环境方面的具体案例,设计出符合南京特色的公众参与市容环境规划与管理的方法框架模型,包括决策模式、制度框架的共管体系。     

农业贫困县生态功能区划及环境友好型土地模式研究——以延寿县为例

土地是重要的自然资源和基本的生态环境要素.土地利用在很大程度上决定了施加于环境的压力.农业贫困县面临经济与生态发展的双重压力,更需要进行生态功能区划,寻找合理的土地利用模式,避免走向"先污染,后治理"的老路.以典型的农业贫困县延寿县为例,充分考虑当地的自然经济条件,运用叠置法对其进行了综合分区,将其分为中部沿河平原农渔牧复合区、南北山前漫岗水土保持及农林区、南北低山丘陵林业可持续利用区3个生态功能区,并针对不同区域土地资源的特点,探讨了各区的环境友好型土地利用模式,提出了土地资源区域治理措施和土地利用的方向.     

构建土地利用规划环境影响评价的指标体系

20世纪90年代中期,土地科学界和生态学界曾提出:"无论将土地作为生产性利用还是非生产性利用,都会形成一种干扰,使生态环境的不确定性增大,从而降低土地利用规划的科学性和合理性".在这一背景条件下,尝试性地按照土地利用类型对其所带来的环境变化影响与效应进行了分析,并在此基础上构建土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系及可采用的评价方法.     

The relevance of physical forces on land-use change and planning process

This study analysed the importance of physical forces on land-use change, on the planning framework in a Portuguese periurban area. A temporal matrix showing the trajectories of land transformation was obtained. A multivariate redundancy analysis explored the importance of physical parameters on temporal and spatial land-use change. A content analysis on urban or municipal master plans was made framing the importance of physical parameters on the planning process. The results highlighted a consistent trajectory of profound land-use changes with distinctive trajectories, with increasingly complex patterns with a limited dependence on physical variables. The trajectories were more related to the planning framework, where political actors and planning managers seemed to be most important. A theoretical model balancing three main components – physical forces, actors, and land transformation (DFA-C model) is proposed, reflecting the informal relationships between physical parameters and actors during the planning process.     

Combining land-use planning and tenure security: a tenure responsive land-use planning approach for developing countries

There is tenure insecurity around land ownerships and land rights in most developing countries. There are also many land-use planning projects being implemented in these countries. Often, land-use planning exists in these countries but is not formally linked with tenure security. This study argues that combining them by conducting land-use planning in a way that promotes tenure security presents a new approach. A central premise for the rationale of this intervention is that processes of land-use planning may inadvertently increase tenure security. By way of methodology, it evaluates land-use planning case studies from Africa, Asia and South America. It uses the three case study examples to build a case for making tenure security one of the major planned outcomes of a land-use planning process and provides a detailed framework for operationalising the concept. Its main contribution to the literature is that it introduces the concept of tenure responsive land-use planning.     

Forest and Farmland Conservation Effects of Oregon’s (USA) Land-Use Planning Program

Oregons land-use planning program is often cited as an exemplary approach to forest and farmland conservation, but analyses of its effectiveness are limited. This article examines Oregons land-use planning program using detailed spatial data describing building densities in western Oregon. An empirical model describes changes in building densities on forest and agricultural lands from 1974 to 1994, as a function of a gravity index of lands commuting distance to cities of various sizes, topographic characteristics, and zoning adopted under Oregons land-use planning program. The effectiveness of Oregons land-use planning program is evaluated based on the statistical significance of zoning variables and by computing estimated areas of forest and agricultural lands falling into undeveloped, low-density developed, and developed building density categories, with and without land-use zoning in effect. Results suggest that Oregons land-use planning program has provided a measurable degree of protection to forest and agricultural lands since its implementation.     

土地利用总体规划修编重点与难点问题探讨

土地利用总体规划是国民经济和社会发展规划的重要组成部分,是统筹城乡建设、加强土地管理的基础,是实现世界上最严格的耕地保护制度的基本手段。在新一轮土地利用总体规划修编之际,对上轮规划存在的主要问题从宏观层面上进行了分析与探讨,有助于新一轮规划的科学编制和有效实施。简要介绍了规划修编的背景,并对本轮规划修编的网上调查结果进行了分析。通过回顾和分析上一轮土地利用总体规划实施过程中存在的主要问题,提出本轮规划修编应以统筹城乡发展、加强部门协调、促进节约集约、合理增加弹性、提高公众参与等为理念,并就本轮规划的重点与难点方面提出了建设性的意见和建议。     

TIM: Assessing the sustainability of agricultural land management

TIM (Threat Identification Model) is a framework for the ex ante assessment of agricultural land management sustainability at the land unit scale that identifies sources of unsustainability within agricultural land management systems. The model explicitly links defined hazards to land productivity and environmental integrity, land resource data and information, and land management practice options using expert and local knowledge on land management and its potential effects. The model was tested in the Crystal Creek Subcatchment, a narrow coastal strip of land situated in north Queensland, Australia. This area was chosen due to the expansion of the sugar industry onto increasingly marginal land in the area, which represents a threat to sustainable land use and a requirement for careful land-use planning and land management.TIM may be used in a relational database as a stand alone decision support system for land-management planning. Its usefulness in land-use planning is greatest when it is linked to a Geographic Information System (GIS) as shown in this paper. GIS allows TIM outputs, such as constraints to agriculture and site-specific best-management practices, to be identified in a spatially explicit manner.The main advantages of TIM are that it can be done ex ante, it removes the need to define sustainability assessment criteria and indicators, it utilises current understanding of the causes and effects of land degradation and how different land-management practices influence these, and links this knowledge to definite land-management options.     

Roles of environmental movement organisations in land-use planning: case studies of the Niagara Escarpment and Oak Ridges Moraine,Ontario, Canada

The paper explores the roles of environmental movement organisations (EMOs) in land-use planning, including domain creation (establishment of new or modified landscape planning boundaries) and regime change (adoption of new or modified legal and planning rules). The research involved two case studies of land-use planning processes: the Niagara Escarpment and Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario, Canada. The two cases together reveal an evolution of land-use planning towards collaborative processes on mainly private lands in Southern Ontario during the period from 1960 to 2002. The results suggest that EMOs can create new planning domains through agenda setting activities, build landscape value and vision, educate governments and the public, and work to maintain and alter regimes. Collaborative planning has emerged as an important process in which some EMOs are now participating.     

Benefits and challenges of using an Assessment of Ecosystem Services approach in land-use planning

This research investigates the use of an Assessment of Ecosystem Services (AES) approach as a planning tool in Florida through the use of an online survey. Target respondents were professionals who had been involved in AES projects. The majority of the respondents perceive an AES approach as a comprehensive and holistic approach that results in better land-use planning decisions. However, AES does not appear to be widely used to guide planning decisions. Despite some challenges, respondents across multiple agencies and institutions in Florida are supportive of using AES in combination with traditional land-use planning tools. More rigorous testing and validation and clarification of guidelines for best practice could improve political and economic support and thereby facilitate the use of AES to guide land-use planning efforts.     

新型团场建设中的土地节约和集约利用问题研究

主要研究新疆生产建设兵团在屯垦戍边新型团场建设中土地的节约和集约利用问题。分析了土地利用的特点及存在的问题,指出土地节约集约利用的影响因素,并提出了加快新型团场建设的土地节约和集约利用对策与措施。     

基于Markov模型的南京土地利用时空变化研究

利用江苏2000年、2008年遥感数据,采用ArcGIS和Excel测算出南京市辖区8年土地利用的Matkov转移矩阵,从数量、空间和结构角度分析2000-2008年的土地利用变化状况,预测2016年的各类用地面积.结果表明,2000-2008年研究区的城镇和工矿交通用地扩张较快,农村居民点用地略有减少,呈集中态势;耕地、草地、林地、水域减少,未利用地减幅最大.在空间上,研究区的建设用地扩张由"同心圆状"变为"纺锤状",土地利用集中度和强度都增大.2016年预测显示,城镇用地比重达44.76%,耕地减少23.47%,其余用地基本保持前8年的变化趋势,但动态度有所减小,仅农村居民点用地减幅增大.