基于涡流技术的高压电缆铅封缺陷识别仿真研究

铅封是保护电缆接头部位的重要部件。为确保铅封的有效性,基于涡流技术设计了一种高压电缆铅封缺陷识别方法,并展开仿真分析。首先,设置一个含噪声的一维涡流检测信号,基于离散傅里叶变换得到频域信号,对所得数据进行多项式拟合,利用去噪的方式对涡流检测数据实施预处理。然后基于涡流技术设计电缆铅封缺陷判别方法,训练缺陷识别分类器,通过求解凸二次规划得到最优分类决策函数,结合分类结果设计缺陷识别算法。仿真实验中,高压电缆铅封中分别模拟感应电流与感应磁场的分布情况。结果显示,该方法的识别准确率始终保持在87.0%以上,其在无缺陷以及缺陷深度大于1 mm时的识别精度在95%左右,可见该方法识别精度较高。     

井场措施废液微涡流混凝处理试验

长庆油田针对井场撬装化混凝处理装置存在的机械搅拌撬吊装拉运繁复、搅拌能量分配不均匀、设备维护工作量大的问题,提出了"原水提升泵+管道混合器+微涡流反应池+井下措施罐"的微涡流混凝工艺。结果表明,相比机械搅拌混凝工艺,微涡流混凝工艺投药量平均减少25%,夏季投药量减少4~5mg/L,冬季投药量减少7~9mg/L,混凝时间降至27min,该工艺能够促进混凝剂稳定反应,减少环境温度的冲击,提高低温环境下措施废液处理效率。     

电动振动台动圈的金属绕线壁筒及其加强环的涡流影响的限制与消除

本文阐述了在电动振动台动圈的金属绕线壁筒及其上下加强环中产生的涡流电流对振动台性能的各种影响,并对其有害影响提出了限制与消除的多种实用方法,且论述了上述各种方法的作用机理.特别是文中提出的"全开槽"的创新解决方案,曾为我国振动试验机制造行业攻克动圈涡流影响的这个共同性的重大技术难关闯出了一条成功之路.虽然此"全开槽"方案的提出已有30多年了,在这期间,世界振动试验机行业已取得了长足的进步,但文中的论点及其实验数据,仍然对当今的电动振动台的研制与生产有着现实的指导意义.与文中所述的第⑤种动圈结构相同的具有上加强环"全开槽"的金属台面部与非金属绕线壁筒组成的两体式动圈骨架结构形式已成为当今国际主流的动圈骨架结构形式,由此可见:"全开槽"的方案无疑是消除涡流有害影响的最有效的途径.     

气田压裂返排液微涡流混凝处理效果分析

试验针对气田压裂返排液,采用撬装微涡流混凝装置进行了混凝试验研究。通过试验研究发现,絮凝剂选用PAC与膨润土复合剂,且当膨润土与PAC复配比例为1∶1,投加量为500mg/L,投加位置在管道混合器时,混凝效果最好;助凝剂PAM的最佳投加量为20mg/L,最佳搅拌时间为1min,投加位置在搅拌罐。采用"管道混合器+微涡流混凝器+搅拌罐"处理工艺,处理后水质SS、油类的去除率分别达到97.3%和58.1%,黏度可降低52.3%。对混凝处理剂种类、投加量、搅拌时间等参数进行了优选,并对处理剂在设备中的投加位置进行优化,为实现气井压裂返排液不落地处理提供依据。     

多角形无动力快速澄清池技术及应用

无动力正方形（多角形）快速澄清池将环绕混凝反应紊流、竖向相间波纹板絮凝反应＂波动性紊流＂、＂人＂字或倒＂W＂结构涡流助凝及全截面正方形（多角形）澄清池等独创的发明专利技术巧妙结合,实现无动力混凝和絮凝反应及各工艺单元的一体化集成,具有抗冲击负荷能力强、混凝效果好、出水水质优、低能耗、停留时间短、占地面积小、建设投资少等特点。实现了对传统混合、反应、沉淀、澄清处理工艺和使用了一百多年的圆形、矩形澄清工艺技术的飞跃式突破,是真正节能、低成本、高功效的中水回用处理装备。     

污泥循环工艺在甲醇污水处理中的应用

介绍污泥循环混凝沉淀工艺的流程和原理,其核心设备涡流反应沉降罐集加药、混凝反应、沉降、污泥回流、污泥排放于一体,混凝沉降效果好,出水稳定,确保后续工艺设备的安全运行。以长庆油田采气一厂为例,分析污泥循环混凝沉淀工艺实施效果,结果表明:采用污泥循环混凝沉淀工艺,沉降污泥含水率降至90%,污泥减量效果明显。     

简易瞬态工况(JKX-VMAS)排放检测系统(智能型)

由北京金铠星科技有限公司开发的简易瞬态工况(JKX-VMAS)排放检测系统(智能型),适用于国家和地方环保检测中心站、机动车尾气检测场、大中型机动车修理厂和机动车制造厂。主要技术内容该技术工作原理是将车辆置于底盘测功机上,在主控计算机的控制系统中录入被测车辆信息,根据被测车辆信息,确定底盘测功机的电涡流测功器的制动功率和排放限值。然后通过控制系统控制底盘测功机的加载,     

臭氧气浮／微涡流絮凝分级处理含聚采出水

含聚合物采出水的有效处理和达标回注是解决油田环保风险和生产压力的关键问题。文章通过对长庆油田陇东区域某试验站的采出水水质进行调研和评价,发现处理后的含聚采出水平均悬浮固体含量高达102.5mg/L,无法达到Q/SY CQ 08011—2019《陇东油田采出水处理水质指标及分析方法》中规定的悬浮物≤50mg/L的回注标准。针对上述问题,分析了聚合物分子量及浓度对悬浮物去除的影响,根据聚合物含量提出不同的采出水处理工艺：针对聚合物浓度≥50mg/L的,形成高含聚合物废水的臭氧气浮处理技术,聚合物降解效率≥60％;针对聚合物浓度＜50mg/L的,形成了微涡流絮凝固液分离技术;在最佳搅拌条件和加药量下,处理后聚合物浓度≤10mg/L,悬浮物含量≤25mg/L,可达到 Q/SY CQ 08011—2019的回注标准。研究成果可以为后续开展含聚采出水现场治理提供技术支撑。     

气田压裂返排液回用影响因素研究

针对气田压裂返排液回用配制压裂液的水质要求,研究了pH值、金属离子、细菌和泡沫对处理后液体配制压裂液的影响。结果表明,通过调节pH值、控制金属离子浓度、加入杀菌剂和消泡剂可以达到回用配制压裂液的要求。其中,pH值应控制在6.5左右;当Na2CO3和NaOH的复配比为800/600、NaOH投加量为300mg/L时,能有效去除Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+等离子的影响;杀菌剂采用气田压裂专用杀菌剂;消泡剂采用二甲基硅油。实验在气井井场采用撬装微涡流混凝装置处理气田压裂返排液,并对上清液回用配液,回用率达到98.4%。     

特高压干式平波电抗器用隔声罩及无磁金属

近年来,国内开展了多项变电站、换流站噪声调研和治理工作。特高压平波电抗器作为换流站中的主要声源设备,需安装隔声罩才能保证厂界噪声达标。但电抗器运行时会产生较大的感应磁场,导致隔声罩和电抗器本体中磁性金属结构件的磁化和涡流发热损耗,降低电力传输功率,需采用无磁金属进行替代。针对某±800kV/6250A平波电抗器,设计了一套隔声罩,并应用了大量无磁金属进行结构连接,经噪声和温升试验测试结果表明,安装隔声罩后电抗器噪声水平控制在66.3dB(A)左右;包封的平均温升约为53℃,星形架中心圆环温升约4℃,而星形架与不锈钢立柱的温度波动在1℃以内,表明无磁金属结构件不会引起过多的热损耗。     

Comparative performance study of different configurations of organic Rankine cycle using low-grade waste heat for power generation

This paper aims at analyzing the feasibility of a waste heat recovery power generation plant based on parametric optimization and performance analysis using different organic Rankine cycle configurations and heat source temperature conditions with working fluid R-12, R-123, R-134a, and R-717. A parametric optimization of turbine inlet temperature(TIT) was performed to obtain the irreversibility rate, system efficiency, availability ratio, turbine work output, system mass flow rate, second-law efficiency, and turbine outlet quality, along the saturated vapor line and also on superheating at an inlet pressure of 2.50 MP in basic as well as regenerative organic Rankine cycle. The calculated results reveal that selection of a basic organic Rankine cycle using R-123 as working fluid gives the maximum system efficiency, turbine work output, second-law efficiency, availability ratio with minimum system irreversibility rate and system mass flow rate up to a TIT of 150°C and appears to be a choice system for generation of power by utilizing the flue gas waste heat of thermal power plants and above 150°C the regenerative superheat organic Rankine cycle configuration using R 123 as working fluid gives the same results.     

Long-term coal gasification-based power plants with near-zero emissions. Part A: Zecomix cycle

These two part papers analyse three plant configurations for high efficiency, near-zero emissions power generation from coal, suitable for long-term installations. In the first part the Zecomix cycle, a novel power plant based on various innovative processes, is presented. Zecomix plant is based on a coal hydrogasification process, using recycled steam and hydrogen as gasifying agents, to produce a CH₄ rich syngas. Methane is then converted to an H₂/H₂O based syngas and CO₂ is captured, by reacting in two carbonator reactors with CaO-based solid sorbent. CaCO₃ produced in carbonators is thermally regenerated in a calciner. The synthetic fuel is burned with oxygen in a semi-closed high temperature steam cycle, with a supercritical heat recovery.The paper presents a detailed analysis of the thermodynamic aspects of the process, with the scope of assessing its potential performance in terms of efficiency and emissions. Main operating parameters of the chemical island (e.g. hydrogasifier and calciner pressure, steam flow rates to carbonators, syngas recycle fraction) and of the power island (e.g. pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and reheat pressure) were varied in order to evaluate their effect on plant performance and to optimize the process. Critical issues are specifically discussed: the calcination process, the calcium oxide utilization in carbonators, the cooling requirement of the high temperature turbine, the presence of incondensable species in the steam cycle. An accurate performance estimation is therefore developed by considering advanced components, as an evolution of today's technology, excluding unproven devices whose feasibility cannot be anticipated.Depending on sorbent utilization, a net plant efficiency of 44–47% with a virtually complete carbon capture was obtained, a very interesting result with respect to other proposed coal-fired power plants with carbon capture. The high complexity of the chemical island and the importance of a good sorbent performance should be however taken into account for a fair comparison with other plant concepts. Further experimental investigations are mandatory to demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility of the Zecomix plant.     

对燃气轮机发电厂NOx排放执行标准问题的探讨

针对实际工作中,燃气轮机发电厂ＮＯｘ排放情况,就燃气轮机发电厂执行大气污染物排放标准问题进行了讨论。     

Minimizing Collision Risk Between Migrating Raptors and Marine Wind Farms: Development of a Spatial Planning Tool

An increased focus on renewable energy has led to the planning and construction of marine wind farms in Europe. Since several terrestrial studies indicate that raptors are especially susceptible to wind turbine related mortality, a Spatial Planning Tool is needed so that wind farms can be sited, in an optimal way, to minimize risk of collisions. Here we use measurements of body mass, wingspan and wing area of eight European raptor species, to calculate their Best Glide Ratio (BGR). The BGR was used to construct a linear equation, which, by the use of initial take-off altitude, could be used to calculate a Theoretical Maximum Distance (TMD) from the coast, attained by these soaring-gliding raptor species. If the nearest turbine, of future marine wind farms, is placed farther away from the coast than the estimated TMD, the collision risk between the turbine blades and these gliding raptors will be minimized. The tool was demonstrated in a case study at the Rødsand II wind farm in Denmark. Data on raptor migration altitude were gathered by radar. From the TMD attained by registered soaring-gliding raptors in the area, we concluded that the Rødsand II wind farm is not sited ideally, from an ornithological point of view, as potentially all three registered species are at risk of gliding through the area swept by the turbine rotor blades, and thereby at risk of colliding with the wind turbines.     

SALMONID SMOLT SURVIVAL RELATIVE TO TURBINE EFFICIENCY AND ENTRAINMENT DEPTH IN HYDROELECTRIC POWER GENERATION1

ABSTRACT: The hypotheses that fish survival probabilities may be lower (1) at less than peak operating turbine efficiency; (2) at deeper entrainment depth; and (3) with the deployment of extended‐length intake guidance screens, are not supported by results on yearling chinook salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, Washington. Estimated 96 h survival probabilities for the six test conditions ranged from 0.937 to 0.972, with the highest survival at turbine operating towards the lower end of its efficiency. A blanket recommendation to operate all Kaplan type turbines within ± 1 percent of their peak efficiency appears too restrictive. Cavitation mode survival (0.946) was comparable to that at peak operating efficiency mode (0.937), as was the survival between upper (0.947) and mid depths (0.937). Survival differed only slightly among three turbine intake bays at the same depth (0.937 to 0.954), most likely due to differential flow distribution. Extended‐length intake fish guidance screens did not reduce survival. However, the sources of injury somewhat differed with depth; probable pressure and shear‐related injuries were common on fish entrained at mid‐depth, and mechanically‐induced injuries were common at upper depth. Operating conditions that reduce turbulence within the turbine environment may enhance fish survival; however, controlled experiments that integrate turbine flow physics and geometry and the path entrained fish traverse are needed to develop specific guidance to further enhance fish passage survival.     

Off-design performance analysis of a transcritical CO2 Rankine cycle with LNG as cold source

The transcritical CO₂ Rankine cycle with liquefied natural gas (LNG) as cold source is a promising power system to utilize mid- and low-temperature heat source. Most previous works focused on thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis or optimization for the system. In this article, an off-design performance analysis for the system is conducted. An off-design mathematical model for the system is established to examine the variation of system performance with the variations of heat source mass flow rate and temperature. A modified sliding pressure regulation control strategy, which regulates turbine inlet pressure to keep the temperature difference between heat source temperature and turbine inlet temperature constant, is applied to control the system when off-design conditions happen. The results show that when the mass flow rate or the temperature of heat source is less or lower than that of design condition, both the net power output of system and the system exergy efficiency decrease, whereas when they are more or higher than the values of design condition, the net power output of system increases but the system exergy efficiency still decreases. In addition, both CO₂ turbine and NG turbine could almost keep the designed efficiency values under the applied control strategy.     

Numerical modeling and optimization of a power augmented S-type vertical axis wind turbine

An axial symmetry augmented vertical axis wind turbine, which is suitable for arbitrary wind directions, is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the power generation ability of the S-type vertical axis wind turbine, a set of so-called “collection-shield boards” are installed symmetrically around the rotating S-type rotor. The flow fields around this type of wind turbine are numerically simulated with the aid of CFD method. The optimized design of geometrical parameters of the rotor and collection-shield boards is conducted by using the orthogonal design method. The obtained results suggest that the power output of the optimized augmented wind turbine can reach nearly three times higher than that of the conventional S-type vertical axis wind turbine.     

TIDAL POWER GENERATION UTILIZING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OR AIR RECIRCULATION1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents research conducted on tidal power generation utilizig atmospheric pressure or air recirculation. The proposed methods in this paper differ from conventional methods. That is, they require simple and relatively inexpensive power generating facilities that would convert the potential energy of the tides into kine tic energy of air for driving the air turbines in a power plant. The characteristics of the new methods are as follows: (1) in tidal power generation utilizing the atmospheric pressure, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be maintained at 1 atm regardless of the water head; (2) in tidal power generation utilizing the air recirculation, the air pressure exerted on an air turbine can be made twice as high as the available water head; (3) higher tidal energy conversion efficiency can be obtained by flowing larger quantities of water in a shorter time period; (4) the generating turbines can be located at a convenient place remote from the reservoir; and (5) equipment corrosion due to salt is minimized.     

CO2 capture from combined cycles integrated with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

In this paper Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) are considered for their potential application in carbon dioxide separation when integrated into natural gas fired combined cycles. The MCFC performs on the anode side an electrochemical oxidation of natural gas by means of CO₃^2? ions which, as far as carbon capture is concerned, results in a twofold advantage: the cell removes CO₂ fed at the cathode to promote carbonate ion transport across the electrolyte and any dilution of the oxidized products is avoided.The MCFC can be “retrofitted” into a combined cycle, giving the opportunity to remove most of the CO₂ contained in the gas turbine exhaust gases before they enter the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), and allowing to exploit the heat recovery steam cycle in an efficient “hybrid” fuel cell + steam turbine configuration. The carbon dioxide can be easily recovered from the cell anode exhaust after combustion with pure oxygen (supplied by an air separation unit) of the residual fuel, cooling of the combustion products in the HRSG and water separation. The resulting power cycle has the potential to keep the overall cycle electrical efficiency approximately unchanged with respect to the original combined cycle, while separating 80% of the CO₂ otherwise vented and limiting the size of the fuel cell, which contributes to about 17% of the total power output so that most of the power capacity relies on conventional low cost turbo-machinery. The calculated specific energy for CO₂ avoided is about 4 times lower than average values for conventional post-combustion capture technology. A sensitivity analysis shows that positive results hold also changing significantly a number of MCFC and plant design parameters.