油田抗氧缓蚀剂的复配及研究

以油酸基咪唑啉与除氧剂联氨进行复配形成新的复配缓蚀体系。使用静态挂片法及电化学分析法评价其对P110钢的缓蚀性能,实验结果表明,当缓蚀剂与除氧剂用量比为11,浓度为300mg/L时缓蚀率可达到87.24%。同时通过预膜处理的方法对该缓蚀体系的缓蚀性能进行评价,预膜油溶助剂以5倍常规加注量为宜,缓蚀剂以10倍常规加注量为最好,缓蚀率可达到87.77%。     

铬酸钾和亚硝酸钠复合阻锈性能研究

在10%(wt)的氯化钠溶液中对不同浓度的铬酸钾、亚硝酸钠及其复配阻锈剂进行阻锈实验,采取失重法考察它对钢筋的阻锈性能。结果表明,铬酸钾的阻锈性能优于亚硝酸钠,主要是由于铬酸根离子对原电池阴阳两极反应的抑制作用较强;缓蚀剂浓度越高,缓蚀效果越好。两种缓蚀剂混合使用的效果比单独使用效果更好,这主要是它们能产生协同效应,降低阴极和阳极的活性,在钢筋上产生持续的保护膜。     

海上风电塔筒涂层电化学阻抗谱快速评价技术研究

研究海上风电塔筒涂层电化学阻抗谱快速评价技术,解决钢结构涂层快速评估等问题。采用涂层附着力测试、中性盐雾、海水浸泡、自然环境暴露试验以及电化学阻抗谱对三种钢结构涂层体系的耐久性进行了评估,并将常规方法的综合试验结果与电化学阻抗试验结果进行对比分析,从而评估是否可以采用电化学阻抗谱对风电塔筒涂层耐蚀性能进行快速评价。涂层附着力测试结果显示,样品1、样品2附着力均大于5 Mpa,而样品3附着力远小于5 Mpa;盐雾试验5 000 h,样品3有部分样品裂纹扩展已达边界,样品2部分样品划痕区腐蚀漫延单边长度均在10 mm以上,仅样品1较好;海水浸泡5 000 h,样品1、样品2划痕区均未发生腐蚀扩展,唯独样品3划痕区发生了严重的腐蚀漫延。自然环境暴露试验1年后,1号样品基本未发生变化,性能最优,3号样品较差,2号样品均有腐蚀单边扩展到边界的情况发生;电化学阻抗结果显示,三种涂层体系耐蚀性能优劣顺序为样品1样品2样品3。电化学阻抗谱测试的结果与常规方法的综合试验结果一致,可以采用电化学阻抗谱对风电塔筒涂层耐蚀性能进行快速评价。     

膦基聚羧酸与其他水处理剂的协同效应研究

利用水处理剂复配体系之间的协同效应,可以提高现有水处理剂的使用效率。对次膦酸基聚丙烯酸(PCA)分别与HEDP和PAA复配后的阻垢及缓蚀性能试验结果表明,将60％的PcA与40％的HEDP、以及将80％的PCA与20％的HEDP分别复配后,在阻碳酸钙与阻硫酸钙垢作用方面均具有协同效应,将PCA与PAA复配后,在阻碳酸钙与硫酸钙垢作用方面不存在协同效应。任意质量分数的PCA与HEDP复配后均具有缓蚀协同效应,PCA与PAA复配后不存在缓蚀协同效应。     

环境友好缓蚀剂聚天冬氨酸在自来水中对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

通过电化学极化测试与交流阻抗实验,研究了聚天冬氨酸(PASP)在自来水中对碳钢的缓蚀性能.结果表明:在20℃时,随着PASP浓度的增大,其缓蚀性能增强;PASP是以抑制阳极腐蚀为主的缓蚀剂.缓蚀率随PASP浓度的增加而迅速增加,当PASP(单一组分)质量浓度达到1.0g/L时,缓蚀率增加趋缓,当PASP质量浓度达到5.0g/L时,缓蚀率达到93.1％.PASP在碳钢表面的吸附基本服从Freundlich吸附等温式.     

新型杀菌剂双季铵盐BQAS性能试验研究

新型杀菌剂双季铵盐以其低毒、性能优良而受到广泛的关注。以自制的N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺和1,4-二溴丁烷为原料合成产物双季铵盐(BQAS)。对双季铵盐BQAS的杀菌性能及缓蚀性能研究表明,双季铵盐对SRB和TGB的杀灭能力均优于1227,双季铵盐在有氧中性水介质中表现出一定的缓蚀性能,并具有较强的杀菌能力,是一种吸附成膜型缓蚀剂。     

季铵盐复合型缓蚀剂的研制

以烷基卤化物与喹啉等原料合成的喹啉季铵盐，当其与有机胺、适当溶剂、表面活性剂复配后，可作为油井酸化作业的酸化缓蚀剂。该缓蚀剂对金属腐蚀的阴、阳极过程起抑制作用，因此使用的温度范围宽（60～150℃），盐酸浓度高（15％～34％），该产品生产工艺简单，成本低，是油田较理想的酸化缓蚀剂。     

离子液体处理油基钻屑的研究

一步法合成一种离子液体(Ionic Liquid,IL)1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐[C_(14)MIm]Br,作为萃取剂替代有机溶剂用于油基钻屑的萃取处理。考察IL种类、加量、萃取时间及pH值等对萃取效果的影响,实验结果表明,油基钻屑与萃取液质量比为1∶1、pH值大于7时,萃取在20min时可以达到平衡,油基钻屑中油去除率大于88%,IL吸附损失率小于0.9%,分离后的IL可直接重复利用7次。     

季铵盐复台型缓蚀剂的研制

以烷基卤化物与喹啉等原料合成的喹啉季铵盐．当算与有机胺、适当溶剂、表面活性荆复配后．可作为油井酸化作业的酸化缓蚀荆。该缓蚀荆时金属腐蚀的阴、阳极过程起抑制作用，因此使用的温度范围宽(60～150C)，盐酸浓度高(15%～34％)，该产品生产工艺简单，成奉低，是油田较理想的酸化缓蚀剂，     

压裂返排液弱凝胶深部调驱技术

针对压裂返排液的特点,以聚丙烯酰胺为主剂,引入糠醛合成糠醛树脂交联剂,加入杀菌剂,在一定条件下形成弱凝胶体系,用于注水井调驱。考察了该压裂返排液弱凝胶体系性能:室内研究确定最佳的弱凝胶体系配方,进行了热稳定性及耐盐稳定性评价。进行了压裂返排液弱凝胶体系岩心封堵性能评价,凝胶体系在30~80℃具有较好的热稳定性,岩心封堵率大于80%,突破压力达到2.7 MPa,压裂返排液弱凝胶体系对储层具有较好的封堵性能。现场应用10井次,应用压裂返排液配置弱凝胶体系3.5万m~3,投入产出比1:1.25,压裂返排液重复利用,取得较好的环保效益及经济效益。     

Oxytetracycline sorption to organic matter by metal-bridging

The sorption of oxytetracycline to metal-loaded ion exchange resin and to natural organic matter by the formation of ternary complexes between polyvalent metal cations and sorbent- and sorbate ligand groups was investigated. Oxytetracycline (OTC) sorption to Ca- and Cu-loaded Chelex-100 resin increased with increasing metal/sorbate ratio at pH 7.6 (OTC speciation: 55% zwitterion, 45% anion). Greater sorption to Cu- than Ca-loaded resin was observed, consistent with the greater stability constants of Cu with both the resin sites and with OTC. Oxytetracycline sorption to organic matter was measured at pH 5.5 (OTC speciation: 1% cation, 98% zwitterion, 1% anion). No detectable sorption was measured for cellulose or lignin sorbents that contain few metal-complexing ligand groups. Sorption to Aldrich humic acid increased from "clean" < "dirty" (no cation exchange pretreatment) < Al-amended < Fe(III)-amended clean humic acid with K(d) values of 5500, 32000, 48000, and 250000 L kg(-1) C, respectively. Calcium amendments of clean humic acid suggested that a portion of the sorbed OTC was interacting by cation exchange. Oxytetracycline sorption coefficients for all humic acid sorbents were well-correlated with the total sorbed Al-plus-Fe(III) concentrations (r(2) = 0.87, log-log plot), suggesting that sorption by ternary complex formation with humic acid is important. Results of this research indicate that organic matter may be an important sorbent phase in soils and sediments for pharmaceutical compounds that can complex metals by the formation of ternary complexes between organic matter ligand groups and pharmaceutical ligand groups.     

Corrosion and polarization behavior of carbon steel in MEA-based CO2 capture process

This work reveals levels of corrosion rate and polarization behavior of carbon steel immersed in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA) used in the absorption-based carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture process for greenhouse gas reduction from industrial flue gas streams. Such information was obtained from electrochemical-based corrosion experiments under a wide range of the CO₂ capture process conditions. The corrosion of carbon steel was evaluated in respect to process parameters including partial pressure of oxygen (O₂), CO₂ loading in solution, solution velocity, solution temperature, MEA concentration and metal surface condition. Results show that the aqueous MEA solution containing CO₂ provides a favorable condition for the corrosion of carbon steel to proceed. Corrosion rate is increased by all tested process parameters. These parametric effects were explained by the electrochemical kinetic data obtained from polarization curves and by the thermodynamic data obtained from Pourbaix diagram.     

An investigation into the likely impact of oxy-coal retrofit on fire-side corrosion behavior in utility boilers

Real-time electrochemical measurements of corrosion rate were performed to evaluate the respective corrosion rates of one boiler waterwall material (SA210) and three boiler superheater materials (T22, P91 and 347H) while firing Utah Western bituminous, Illinois high-sulfur bituminous and Powder River Basin (PRB) sub-bituminous coals in a 1.5 MW pulverized coal-fired furnace. The raw average measured corrosion rates were very low, between 0.0003 and 0.016 mm/year (0.012 and 0.63 mils/year) for most materials under air- and oxy-fired conditions. For some high-sulfur conditions measured corrosion rates were as high as 0.72 mm/year (28 mils/year). Waterwall corrosion rates decreased consistently when converting from air- to oxy-firing while superheater corrosion rates generally increased, although they were less than twice the air-fired rate under most conditions. Corrosion rates for the lower alloyed materials (SA210 and T22) increased significantly during transients from reducing to oxidizing conditions. Measured increases in the corrosion rate of 347H material under high sulfur and low temperature conditions, and associated decrease in corrosion rate at higher temperatures on this alloy, were consistent with the formation of trisulphates in the superheater deposits. The increase of corrosion rate with increased metal temperatures was demonstrated, as was the consistently repeatable nature of the observed results.     

橡胶帘密封干式煤气柜的腐蚀及防护问题探讨

转炉煤气柜作为转炉煤气回收系统中的一个重要环节,起着对煤气输配、稳压调峰的关键作用。由于煤气中酸性气体以及冷凝水等极易对煤气柜造成腐蚀极而导致煤气泄露,严重威胁到安全生产,因此对气柜进行有效的腐蚀防护措施是十分重要的。本文对橡胶帘密封干式煤气柜的腐蚀原因、机理及防护措施进行了详细地探讨,并针对新建气柜提出了相关的防护方案与建议。     

Comparison study and parameter identification of three battery models for an off-grid photovoltaic system

There is growing interest in solar batteries, especially for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, an accurate battery model is required for the PV system because of its influence on system efficiency. Several mathematical models of batteries have been described in the scientific literature. However, this paper reviews three electrochemical models most commonly used for PV systems, such as Shepherd, Manegon and Coppetti, in order to define the most appropriate model for PV systems. This paper discusses an application of the pattern search optimization technique to extract the parameters of three battery models derived from experimental test results obtained from sealed gelled lead acid batteries for both charge and discharge modes. A comparative case and regression analysis based on statistical tests and a quantitative method were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the updated model from the three aforementioned. The simulation results and tests performed on the battery charge and discharge modes lead us as well to approve the algorithm’s accuracy regarding the updated model.     

Advanced superhydrophobic electroactive fluorinated polyimide and its application in anticorrosion coating

A novel superhydrophobicelectroactive fluorinated polyimide (HEFPI) was first synthesized from aniline trimer and 4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride. The HEFPI could be fabricated as superhydrophobicfilm by replicated the surface of the Xanthosomasagittifolium leaves. The water contact angle of HEFPI film reaches as high as 157 ° and the superhydrophobic property of HEFPI could coat on cold-rolled steel (CRS) to prevent the metal corrosion. Electroactivity of EFPI was evaluated by performing electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study. Besides, redox catalytic capabilities of aniline trimer units existed in HEFPI main chain may induce the formation of passive metal oxide layers on the CRS electrode. The synergistic effects (hydrophobic property and passive metal oxide layers) make the HEFPI coating has great potential for advanced anticorrosion material.     

中原文南油田文95块注水系统腐蚀因素研究

对文南油田文95块注水系统的腐蚀状况及因素进行了调查研究。注水管线随运行时间的延长穿孔次数明显增加，腐蚀类型主要是焊缝腐蚀，蚀孔多在管线底部。针对输送介质、材质、焊缝与结垢进行分析研究，结果表明注入水中C1-和S2-含量偏高，水体呈酸性，且含有大量的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和腐生菌（TGB），不均匀的结垢，焊接工艺质量差及管线材质化学成分的不均匀性是造成管线腐蚀的重要原因。防治措施是提高文二联污水站水质达标率，采取内防腐，杜绝焊缝缺陷。     

Transformation of benzothiazole in estuarine sediments

Benzothiazole (BT) is a natural and synthetic compound occurring in aquatic sediments and wastewater. The purpose of this work was to investigate BT biogeochemistry in controlled Eh/pH microcosms (CEPMs) containing estuarine sediments of different particle sizes (coarse, intermediate, fine) under oxidized and reduced conditions vs. killed controls, and tide simulation mesocosms (TSMs) containing plants and meiofauna under well-drained (oxidized), consistently saturated/flooded (reduced), and tidal (alternating oxidized/reduced) conditions. Benzothiazole was transformed into complex product mixtures under all conditions. Benzothiazole transformation rates in CEPMs were slower under reduced conditions vs. oxidized conditions in the fine- and intermediate-grain sediments, but the same in the coarse sediment. Quiescent (unstirred) CEPMs showed greatly reduced BT transformation rates in all sediments, with half-lives on the order of 2200 to >4000 h (unstirred) vs. 640 to 1000 h in the continuously stirred systems. The TSM data showed that tidal and drained systems processed BT at identical rates, far exceeding those observed in statically flooded (reduced) TSMs. Mixing was found to be a more significant variable in BT transformation rate than either Eh or sediment particle size breakdown, with constant stirring increasing observed degradation appreciably. Otherwise, BT was transformed more readily on sediments of high surface area under oxidized conditions vs. coarser sediments and those under reducing electrochemical conditions.