伊犁农牧业综合开发与环境发展的优化分析

保持农业生态环境的平衡是农业发展的重要条件，通过对伊犁地区农业环境条件的系统分析，提出了该区资源开发中要注意的问题，并相应提出生态环境的治理对策。     

跨世纪人口压力对中国生态环境的影响及对策

人口是人口，资源与环境系统中最根本的主导因素，人口增长过快，将直接加大对资源与环境的压力，并影响人口素质的提高，根据我国人口庞大的基数，过快的增长速度，独特的人口结构和较低的文化素质现状，对生态环境造成的压力进行了系统分析，进而提出了控制人口增长，改善生态环境和全面发展国发经济的对策，以保证跨世纪人口，资源，环境呈现协调，持续，健康的发展趋势。     

饮食娱乐服务业污染问题及防治对策

根据饮食娱乐服务业的污染现状，系统分析了当前环境管理中存在的问题，提出防治污染应实行“以教育为先导，以严格环保审批和建立公众参与机制为核心，以限期治理为重要措施，以排污收费和经济处罚为主要手段”的原则，并具体阐述了相应的措施和对策。     

西藏土地环境现状评价与治理对策

西藏是我国的高寒农业区，也是世界农业地理上一个十分独特的区域．本文在对西藏土地环境现状及其变化成因的系统分析与评价的基础上．提出了改善区域土地环境的对策和措施．     

体育教学的社会环境探讨

通过对教学环境的系统分析(自然环境、社会环境),发现在体育教学中,社会环境因素对体育教学质量、效果的影响以及相互关系。提出了科学掌握和利用教学环境,顺应社会环境的变化发展而自我完善,促进提高体育教学质量。     

区域环境--经济协调发展定量分析方法研究

本文对目前常用的环境与经济协调发展分析方法的优劣和特点进行了具体分析，指出现在常用的进行可持续发展水平定量分析的层次分析法存在明显的缺陷，以及现有的几种评价环境与经济之间协调程度的方法的局限性。提出了较为客观实用的评估方法，即依据系统分析和数理统计的原理利用主成分分析进行环境——经济协调度分析，并对环境——经济协调度定量评估的步骤、方法包括测算方法的选择、数学模型的建构进行深入的探讨和研究，以南阳市为例对该方法进行了验证。     

陕南秦巴山地农业资源立体专业化开发利用

本文对秦巴山地农业环境特点、资源构成和分异规律进行了系统分析,提出了农业地域专业化开发利用的原则和模式.     

青海省建设大型风电场对环境的影响

文章系统分析了在青海省建设大型风电场对环境的正面影响及负面影响 ,充分肯定了风电场对调整省内能源结构和推进环境保护方面的作用     

工业发展与环境影响相互关系研究的进展

工业各行业的生产活动对环境质量的影响是不同的，要实现环境与经济的协调发展，建立合理的工业结构是前提。本文对工业结构与环境的关系进行了探讨，对目前已采用的线性规划分析、投入产出分析、友色系统分析、系统动力学分析、非线性一般均衡模型分析、GHG——2模型分析等几种定量分析方法进行了分析和对比，并对工业发展与环境保护研究前景提出了自己的见解。     

浅析我国现阶段中、小学生环境保护教育

解决环境问题的关键在于提高公众环保意识,而加强青少年环境教育则是这项工作的基础。近些年来,为了促进青少年环境教育事业的开展,我国环保、教育部门作了巨大努力并取得了一定成果,但是还缺乏系统的实施方法,基层教育工作中也存在着诸多问题。本文从对中小学生实施环境教育的意义、原则、内容、形式及应注意问题等方面进行了系统分析、论述,对指导我国现阶段基层环境教育工作有参考价值。     

超高效液相色谱简介及在环境监测中的应用

文章介绍了超高效液相色谱的技术特点和优势,总结了超高效液相色谱（UPLC）系统在分离度、分析速度、灵敏度等方面的先进性,并以几种污染物的UPLC分析结果为例对其在环境监测领域的应用进行了说明,结果表明超高效液相色谱方法的突出优点体现在节省分析时间和溶剂用量上,尤其对基质复杂的痕量组分测定采用该方法以提高分析通量是今后发展的必然趋势。     

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS IN COMMUNITY DECISION-MAKING: A CASE EXAMPLE FROM SOUTHERN ARIZONA1

ABSTRACT: While there is increasing recognition of the need to consider institutional factors in water resources decision-making, there are few specific methods available to use in actually conducting an institutional analysis. The lack of such methods has spurred interest in going beyond begging water resource agencies to conduct institutional analyses to developing more refined tools to use in the analysis process. However, as more complex systems of analysis are developed, it is important not to lose sight of the value that less objective and participatory approaches to institutional analysis may have in solving institutional problems. Improving the techniques and tools of institutional analysis should not mean developing complex methods or models that can only be manipulated and understood by the trained analyst. The advantages and disadvantages of full participation by stakeholders in the institutional analysis process are discussed by describing the efforts of a local community organization in Tucson, Arizona, to study the need for a basinwide management entity.     

皖江城市带生态城市建设水平及其比较分析

运用生态城市建设复合系统模型,构建生态城市建设指标体系.通过因子分析、聚类分析等方法对皖江城市带生态城市建设水平进行测度与比较分析,运用SWOT分析法深度分析皖江城市带的区情.皖江城市带生态城市建设水平参差不齐,由高到低依次为合肥、铜陵、马鞍山、芜湖、安庆、滁州、池州、宣城、巢湖、六安.     

Program efficiency analysis within the environmental landscape

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of accounting for environmental impacts in project feasibility. Cost–benefit analysis, a germane tool for measuring a project’s feasibility, can be utilized for projects with environmental consequences. This paper first provides a background on cost–benefit analysis as well as a background on environmental cost–benefit analysis. It then provides the steps taken in order to perform this type of analysis. With this cost–benefit analysis and environmental cost–benefit analysis framework in mind, six international case studies are reviewed to demonstrate how cost–benefit analysis is applied to various environmental projects around the world using different methods and from both a public and private sector viewpoint. Recommendations are then put forward to address the need for continued consideration and implementation of environmental impacts on cost–benefit analyses.     

军用电子组件(PCBA)失效分析技术与案例

随着武器装备集成化、高密度化和轻量化的发展,大量的高密度器件如BGA、CSP得到了广泛的应用,由此作为武器装备心脏的军用电子组件的组装密度也越来越高。伴随着电子组件组装密度的提高,对于电子组件的组装技术也提出了更高的要求。然而,由于军用电子组件器件种类繁多,导致其电子组装工艺复杂,加上我国装备制造企业的工艺水平较国际先进企业相比还存在很大的差距,军用电子组件存在较为严重的工艺缺陷和可靠性问题。大量的工艺缺陷如润湿不良、焊点空洞、焊点机械强度差和疲劳寿命低严重影响了军用电子组件的质量和可靠性,并制约了武器装备的发展。本文针对军用电子组件存在的焊接缺陷、绝缘性失效(CAF和ECM)以及焊点疲劳失效的主要问题,介绍了军用电子组件常用的失效分析方法和手段,包括金相切片分析、声学扫描分析、扫描电镜与能谱、热分析以及傅立叶红外光谱分析等。然后结合军用电子组件的典型的失效分析案例,介绍这些分析技术在实际的案例中的应用。PCBA失效机理与原因的获得将有利于将来对PCBA的质量控制以避免类似问题的再度发生。     

玻璃量器滴定管容量示值误差对分析结果的影响

介绍了玻璃量器滴定管的用途、分类和容量示值误差的检定,分析和探讨了容量示值误差和流液口最后一滴水珠示值的大小对分析结果的影响。容量示值误差的大小能够影响分析结果的准确性,使被测样品的含量偏离其真实结果,选择合格、合适的滴定管,可以减少分析过程带来的误差,提高分析结果的准确度。     

Validation of a hybrid life-cycle inventory analysis method

The life-cycle inventory analysis step of a life-cycle assessment (LCA) may currently suffer from several limitations, mainly concerned with the use of incomplete and unreliable data sources and methods of assessment. Many past LCA studies have used traditional inventory analysis methods, namely process analysis and input-output analysis. More recently, hybrid inventory analysis methods have been developed, combining these two traditional methods in an attempt to minimise their limitations. In light of recent improvements, these hybrid methods need to be compared and validated, as these too have been considered to have several limitations. This paper evaluates a recently developed hybrid inventory analysis method which aims to improve the limitations of previous methods. It was found that the truncation associated with process analysis can be up to 87%, reflecting the considerable shortcomings in the quantity of process data currently available. Capital inputs were found to account for up to 22% of the total inputs to a particular product. These findings suggest that current best-practice methods are sufficiently accurate for most typical applications, but this is heavily dependent upon data quality and availability. The use of input-output data assists in improving the system boundary completeness of life-cycle inventories. However, the use of input-output analysis alone does not always provide an accurate model for replacing process data. Further improvements in the quantity of process data currently available are needed to increase the reliability of life-cycle inventories.     

几种氨氮水质在线自动监测仪比较

氨氮水质自动分析仪已在我国水质监测中得到广泛的应用,本文介绍了水体中氨氮自动监测分析仪器和不同的分析方法,对目前市场上占有率较大的仪器类型进行了比较,并指出了目前氨氮水质分析仪存在的问题,提出了建议。     

Who's in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural resource management

Stakeholder analysis means many things to different people. Various methods and approaches have been developed in different fields for different purposes, leading to confusion over the concept and practice of stakeholder analysis. This paper asks how and why stakeholder analysis should be conducted for participatory natural resource management research. This is achieved by reviewing the development of stakeholder analysis in business management, development and natural resource management. The normative and instrumental theoretical basis for stakeholder analysis is discussed, and a stakeholder analysis typology is proposed. This consists of methods for: i) identifying stakeholders; ii) differentiating between and categorising stakeholders; and iii) investigating relationships between stakeholders. The range of methods that can be used to carry out each type of analysis is reviewed. These methods and approaches are then illustrated through a series of case studies funded through the Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU) programme. These case studies show the wide range of participatory and non-participatory methods that can be used, and discuss some of the challenges and limitations of existing methods for stakeholder analysis. The case studies also propose new tools and combinations of methods that can more effectively identify and categorise stakeholders and help understand their inter-relationships.     

用窄点原理进行节水分析

简要地对窄点原理进行了介绍。用窄点原理对工程设计进行了具体分析，在排污量相同的情况下，分别采用洁净水接纳污染物、采用满足进水浓度要求但无回用的废水接纳污染物和采用窄点技术且可回用废水但无水处理过程的废水接纳污染物三种供水方式。比较不同的供水方式所需的不同耗水量。从而得出窄点分析原理对节水，节能和降污保护环境具有的重大意义。