Stockholm Recommendation 96: Viable in the Dominican Republic

Summary The Dominican Republic and other Caribbean countries face serious challenges to their natural resource base. In recent years the government of the Dominican Republic has taken major steps toward the development and implementation of a comprehensive plan for national natural resources management. This plan is called Plan Sierra. An important component of this plan is the outline of actions for carrying out an environmental education programme within the country. This demonstrates a commitment to fulfill Recommendation No. 96 of the Stockholm Conference in a way that could become a model for other Latin American nations. Clinton L. Shepard is Assistant Professor in the Division of Environmental Education, School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University. Dr Shepard holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Zoology from the University of Kentucky and graduate degrees from The Ohio State University in Natural Resources/Environmental Education and Education-Foundations and Research. He has worked as an interpreter and Environmental Education Coordinator for the State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources, a research associate for ERIC—Science, Math, and Environmental Education Clearinghouse, and College instructor in interpretive methods, environmental education methodology, resident outdoor programming, and natural resources development. He is also involved in international research and development, especially in the Caribbean Basin. Robert E. Roth is Chairman/Professor in the Division of Environmental Education, School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University. Dr Roth received a Bachelor's degree in Wildlife Management, a Bachelor's degree in Secondary Science Education, a Master's degree in Conservation Education from The Ohio State University, and his Ph.D. in Environmental Education from The University of Wisconsin. he came to OSU in 1969 and since that time has designed and institutionalized the only academic unit in the US that offers both well developed undergraduate and graduate programmes in Environmental Communications, Education and Interpretation and has published over 40 works in the field. He has been instrumental in implementing a growing international environmental education research and development emphasis in the wider Caribbean, he continues as an Executive Editor of theJournal of Environmental Education.     

An overview of President Carter's Water Policy (1978)

On June 6, 1978, President Carter presented his Federal Water Policy Initiatives to the Congress. These were based on a year-long and sometimes controversial study by the Water Resources Council, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Council on Environmental Quality. Reforms were proposed relative to cost sharing, planning procedures, project evaluation, and environmental protection. Omitted from the policy were recommendations on water pollution control, planning coordination, and water resources research.The views expressed are the author's, and not necessarily those of the Library of Congress.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
James David Fahn, A Land On Fire: The Environmental Consequences of the Southeast Asian Boom
Jörg Andriof, Sandra Waddock, Bryan Husted and Sandra Sutherland Rahman (Eds.), Unfolding Stakeholder Thinking, Vol 2: Relationships, Communication, Reporting and Performance
A. Peter Castro and Erik Nielsen (Eds.), Natural Resource Conflict Management Case Studies: An Analysis of Power, Participation and Protected Areas
Rutgerd Boelens and Paul Hoogendam (Eds.), Water Rights and Empowerment
John Charles Kunich, Ark of the Broken Covenant. Protecting the World's Biodiversity Hotspots
David B. Lindenmayer and Jerry F. Franklin, Conserving Forest Biodiversity. A Comprehensive Multiscaled Approach
Donald N. Zillman, Alistair Lucas and George Pring (Eds.), Human Rights in Natural Resource Development. Public Participation in the Sustainable Development of Mining and Energy Resources     

环境犯罪刑事立法缺陷及其完善建议

《刑法》第338条以污染环境罪为核心构建起来的现行环境犯罪体系存在环境立法观念偏颇、法益保护范围过窄以及刑罚力度不足三方面的缺陷。在我国环境问题依旧严重的今天,为了适应不断发展变化的社会,刑法环境犯罪体系的重构已经势在必行,应当以刑法的规范观念为指导,以污染环境罪为基础建立我国体系化的环境刑法,同时根据社会危害性配置更加严厉的刑罚。     

Project approval,environmental assessment and public participation

Summary Assessing the desirability of large scale resource development is an extremely complicated process. In the past, the presumption has been that economic criteria were decisive. Lately, however, we have accepted the idea that social and environmental factors will affect the design and procedures of development, and, in extreme cases, may even indicate the abandonment of a project. Public input and formal environmental and social impact assessment have been accepted in principle, and the challenge is to incorporate them within an orderly and expeditious governmental decision process. This is a case study of such a process for Esso Resources Canada Limited's proposed heavy oil project at Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada. P. S. Elder was Gold Medallist and Law Review Editor upon graduating from the Faculty of Law, University of British Columbia (1965). Following his call to the Bar and graduate work at the University of London (London School of Economics), he was an aide to various Canadian federal cabinet ministers (1967–70) and taught law at the University of Western Ontario (1970–73). In 1973 Professor Elder joined the Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada where he teaches legally related subjects. He has written widely in environmental law and policy, and public participation. In his free time Elder engages in municipal and provincial politics     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Environmental Policies, Regulations and Management Practices in Mineral Resources Development in Asia and the Pacific: Mineral Resources Assessment, Development and Management Series, Vol. II; Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); United Nations
The Struggle for Water: Politics, Rationality, and Identity in the American Southwest; W.N. Espeland
Resource Conflict in the Horn of Africa; John Markakis     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Kirchner/Schanze/v. Schlabrendorff/Stockmayer/Wälde/Fritzsche/Patzina, Rohstofferschliessungsvorhaben in Entwicklungslndern - Teil 1: Interessenrahmen, Verhandlungsprozess, rechtliche Konzeption (Mining Ventures in Developing Countries - Part 1: Interests, Bargaining Process, Legal Concepts), Metzner, Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany, 1977, 413 pp.
Nyembo Shabani, L'Industrie du Cuivre dans le Monde et le Progres Economique du Copperbelt Africain .
Zuhayr Mikdashi, The International Politics of Natural Resources , Cornell University Press
Dennis Hayes, Rays of Hope - The Transition to a Post-Petroleum World , A Worldwatch Institute Book, W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
Association of Geosciences for International Development, New Directions in Mineral Development Policies
G. P. Gasby (editor), Marine Manganese Deposits , Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company
Kathryn Morton and Peter Tulloch, Trade and Developing Countries , John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
L. V. Cunha, V. A. Figueiredo, M. L. Correia, A. S. Gonçalves, Management and Law for Water Resources , Fort Collins (Colorado), Water Resources Publications
W. M. Telford, L. P. Geldhart, R. E. Sheriff, and D. A. Keys, Applied Geophysics , Cambridge University Press, 1976.     

试论自然资源保护法

自然资源保护法属于环境保护法的一个组成部分。目前,我国自然资源保护法还不十分完善,与自然资源保护和经济发展的要求不相适应。本文针对自然资源保护法存在的缺陷,提出进一步完善的建议,以利于我国自然资源保护事业的发展。     

The moist tropical forest: Its conversion and protection

Summary Though strong concern over the rapid conversion of moist tropical forests may justifiably arise from any discipline, a growing interdisciplinary tide of voices is expressing its alarm over a particularly disturbing consequence of forest alteration and destruction: the reduction of species diversity through the extinction of numerous plant and animal species. Consequently, an array of ecologists land-use planners, botanists, zoologists and conservationsts are searching for means to enhance the protection and preservation of tropical forests' biotic diversity. Management schemes aimed at achieving this particular end are being investigated, particularly by UNESCO's Man and Biosphere (MAB) Project 8 of Biosphere Reserves Projects, by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) tropical forests conservation program (UNEP, 1980) and by the World Wildlife Fund. In addition, many countries with a significant area of moist tropical forest (MTF) are beginning to pursue some form of conservation strategy. Currently Robert T. Perry is a full-time teacher of biology at a private school for a cademically gifted students in the Brooklyn area. In addition he has designed and is teaching courses in environmental chemistry and ethology to advanced high-schoolers. He is also an adjunct instructor for the City College of the City University of New York, where he is teaching graduate students in the Environmental Studies Programme. He graduated in Environmental Conservation from Cornell University, and has a Masters Degree in Environmental Biology from City University, New York.     

Structure and function of environmental programmes

Summary In this article, the need for integrated curricula in environmental science/studies programmes is reviewed. The required competencies/outcomes for understanding and solution of environmental problems, the requirement for interdisciplinarity and incorporation of innovative skills/methods into environmental curricula, examples of ways to integrate curricula, teaching methodologies and their rationales, impacts of environmental programmes, and academic support for programmes, are also examined in this context.Dr John Lemons is Professor of Biology and Environmental Science, and Chairperson of the Department of Life Sciences at the University of New England. He is also Editor-in-Chief ofThe Environmental Professional, the official journal of the National Association for Environmental Professionals.     

Management of environment in developing countries

Summary Environmental problems in developing countries partly arise out of lack of development, hence they are intricately linked to the socio-economic conditions. Environmental awareness and environmental education are critical under these conditions but these are time consuming and slow solutions. Integration of economic and environmental plans for various regions have to be attempted systematically. Time is running out, and unless comprehensive steps are taken up some of the capital assets (such as forests, fresh water, soils, etc.) are likely to be irretrievably damaged.Dr B. Bowonder was, until recently, Chairman of the Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology at the Administrative Staff College, Hyderabad. He recently joined this Journal's Advisory Board and his analysis of the Bhopal Incident (The Environmentalist, 5 (2) 89–103) created considerable interest. He is currently a member of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Mining Ventures in Developing Countries, Part 2: Analysis of Project Agreements, Erich Schanze (et al.).
Bibliography on Transnational Law of Natural Resources, Martin Bartels (et al.).
The Ganges Water Dispute, B. M. Abbas A. T.
Mineral Deposits and Global Tectonic Settings, A. H. G. Mitchell and M. S. Garson     

The master plan for the management of watercourses in Norway

Summary By 1980 approximately 60% of the total hydro-power potential of 174 TWh in Norway had been developed. The Government therefore found it essential to consider the exploitation of the remaining watercourses in terms of a larger perspective, contrary to the earlier project-by-project policy. This led to the preparation of a Master Plan for Water Resources, a national management plan based on a set of economic, social and environmental considerations. The Master Plan covers 310 watercourses and 770 hydro-power project alternatives.The Master Plan states which projects should be considered first for a licence when development is necessary. It also specifies which watercourses should preferably be reserved for other uses than hydro-power development. In spring of 1985 the Master Plan was presented to Parliament and approved.Svein Halvorsen graduated at the University of Tromsø with a degree in Ecology. He is currently employed as an Engineer at the Norwegian Ministry of Environment at the Department of Natural Resources, where he has been involved in water resources planning and the Norwegian Master Plan.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book review in this Article Settling Things: Six Case Studies in Environmental Mediation, Allan R. Talbot. Earl Finbar Murphy Climate and Development Asit K. Biswas Hydrology in Practice Elizabeth M. Shaw Scale-up of Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Nor-bert W. Schmidtke Daniel W. Smith Environmental Effects of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Sewage Sludge R. D. Davis Soil Erosion: Crisis in America's Croplands? Sandra S. Batie, Roger McHenry An Introduction to Water Quality Modeling A. James JyS. Wu Trihalomethane Reduction in Drinking Water Gordon Culp Analysis of Pesticides in Water A. S. Y. Chau Chemistry for Protection of the Environment Horst F. Siewert Water Resources, Geography, and Law, Olen Paul Matthews. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering Tom D. Reynolds. Greenhouse Effect and Sea Level Rise M. C. Barth J. G. Titus Methods of Characterization of Sewage Sludge T. J. Casey, P. L'Hermite, P. J. Newman Drainage of Asphalt Pavement Structures Joseph T. Barrow Groundwater Contamination Commi/afttee Douglas S. Cherkauer Water Crisis: Ending the Policy Drought Terry L. Anderson. Chemistry of Irrigated Soils Rachel Levy Arthur W. Hounslow Engineering Fluid Mechanics (3rd Edition) J. A. Roberson Environment Canada and the North: The Perceptions, Roles, and Policies of the Department of the Environment Regarding Development North of 60° Epichlorohydrin Environmental Health Criteria 33 Natural Levels of Lead in Humans C. C. Patterson. Saving Endangered Species: A Report and Plan for Action Allen E. Smith. Scotland's Environment During the Last 30,000 Years Robert J. Price. Seasonal Restrictions on Dredging Projects by NMFS in the Northeast Statistical Methods for Engineers Richard H. McCuen. Summary Report: Study to Determine the Impact of Landward Bulkheads or Alternative Structures on Marshes Janie H. Harris. Survival and Growth of Warmwater Fishes Exposed to Ammonia Under Low Flow Conditions J. P. Swigert Sustaining Tomorrow: A Strategy for World Conservation and Development F. R. Thibodeau H. H. Field The Visual Display of Quantitative Information Edward R. Tufte. Water Supply R. Urbistondo Wetland Ecology John R. Etherington.     

The contribution of environmental assessment by government,industry and others to the UK conservation strategy

Summary The author argues that sound, profitable and sustainable development should be pursued by all sections of the community: that there exist economic benefits to Governments in promoting sound ecological principles in development policies. He suggests that the environmental movement should be talking about development and environmental concerns as complementary issues, and believes that business enterprises should regard the limitation of environmental damage as simply one more facet of good business practice for good business reasons.Sir Arthur G. Norman, KBE, DFC, is the Chairman of The UK Centre for Economic and Environmental Development (CEED) and an interview with him was recently presented inThe Environmentalist 5 (3) 163–6. This paper was given as a closing address to a Conference entitledThe EEC Environmental Assessment Directive: Towards Implementation held at the Royal Society of Arts, London on 30th–31st January 1986. The Conference was organized by the Centre for Environmental Management and Planning, University of Aberdeen, assisted by the Department of the Environment (UK), the Confederation of British Industry, the Royal Town Planning Institute, the Landscape Institute and with the participation of the Commission of the European Communities.     

Subject indicators to present the nature and limit of environmental studies in US graduate schools

Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine subjects to show the nature and limit of interdisciplinary communication in existing environmental programmes in US graduate schools. Ultimately, this analysis may provide more effective communication with the general public. Following comparative historical reviews of both the sciences and the human activity for environmental protection, and a content analysis of empirical documents used by the public, a mushroom computer model has been produced. This model is based on organizational behaviour theory and contains the following 15 subjects which were originally introduced before the lack of communication resulting from curriculum failure in the 19th century: philosophy, politics, economics, architecture, sociology, biology, medicine, agriculture, ecology, public health, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, statistics. The subjects should foster effective communication with the general public, leading to more effective environmental protection.Dr Hong S. Kim is at the Environmental Studies Program, California State University, Fullerton, USA. He received a PhD from the Administration and Management Program at Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. His numerous papers are focused on environmental pollution analysis, environmental impact assessment, environmental management, and environmental law. He has written a book entitledEnvironmentology which is forthcoming.Dr James P. Dixon is the Chairperson of Health Services at Walden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401, USA. He was recently Professor of the Department of Policy and Administration at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. He was also past President of Antioch College (1959–1975). His many publications are concentrated in the areas of organizational development, public health and preventive medicine, and administration of human service organizations.     

THE NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION REVISITED1

ABSTRACT: In 1973 the National Water Commission concluded its five-year study of national water policy by issuing a massive report containing over 200 recommendations for improvements in the way the Nation deals with its water resources. The Carter Administration is now engaged in another water policy review which incorporates many of the policies espoused by the National Water Commission. In this paper, presented at the 13th American Water Resources Conference in Tucson in November of 1977, the author describes the work of the National Water Commission and the actions taken on its recommendations.     

Environmental education research notes (USA)

Conclusion Selections reported above were chosen as representative and reflective of the varieties of environmental education research currently reported in the literature. They were picked for this paper somewhat arbitrarily, from among more than 70 surviving an initial screening. No selection bias was intended, other than for the purpose of providing a representative variety. In most cases, abstracts printed in theCurrent Index to Journals in Education, Resources in Education, orDissertation Abstracts International were used in preparing these notes.These notes have been compiled by John F. Disinger, Professor of Environmental Education, School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; he is also Associate Director, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC) Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education (SMEAC). This contribution by Professor Disinger is in response to the editorial, Invitation to Promote Research Cooperation (The Environmentalist, 1 (3) 177–178.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Legal reference and source book ENERGY AND RESOURCES LAW '92: Proceedings of the International Bar Association's Section on Energy and Natural Resources Law's 10th Advanced Seminar on Petroleum, Minerals, Energy and Resources Law held in Washington DC: Graham and Trotman Diverse and international RENEWABLE ENERGY: Technology and the Environment, Proceedings of the 2nd World Renewable Energy Congress, Reading, UK, 13-18 September 1992: A.A.M. Sayigh A stimulating read WATER RESOURCES IN THE ARID REALM: Clive Agnew and Ewan Anderson Whatever happened to PV? SOLAR PUMPING: An Introduction and Update on the Technology, Performance, Costs and Economics: Roy Barlow, Bernard McNelis and Anthony Derrick Renewable energy for rural development MICRO-HYDRO DESIGN MANUAL: A Guide to Small-Scale Water Power Schemes: Adam Harvey et al Incentives for good behaviour ECONOMIC POLICY TOWARDS THE ENVIRONMENT: Dieter Helm     

The world conservation strategy: Environmental education and local initiative

Summary In the spring of 1981, Tufts University and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature began teaching the World Conservation Strategy to environmentalists working at the local level. The fourteen-week course that they offered was the first of a series of initiatives to increase public awareness of the need for local action toward the solution of global environmental problems. The success of the first course has encouraged other groups to adapt it to their own social and ecological settings, but there is a pressing need for even more public education. While several aids to teaching the World Conservation Strategy are now being developed to give local conservation educators access to the Strategy, the initiative for bringing the World Conservation Strategy to the public should continue to come from these local leaders. Frank Thibodeau is an environmental biologist and policy analyst with MA and PhD degrees from Tufts University. He is currently a Research Associate in the Department of Urban and Environmental Policy at Tufts, preparing a book on the World Conservation Strategy as a foundation for local environmental initiative under the auspicies of IUCN and the World Wildlife Fund. In addition to his writing and teaching related to the Strategy, he maintains an active research program examining the development of national and international strategies for the preservation of genetic diversity. Hermann H. Field, an urban planner and Fellow of the American Institute of Architects, was director of the Planning Office of the Tufts-New England Medical Center in downtown Boston for 12 years. In 1972 he initiated and then directed a new graduate department of Urban and Environmental Policy at Tufts University. Since 1978 he has been Professor Emeritus in Environmental Planning there. In addition to continued involvement in his department he is active on a range of levels in conservation from the local to the international, including membership on IUCN's Commission on Environmental Planning.