浅析武汉动物园对墨水湖水质污染的影响

动物园对湖泊污染影响的研究，在我国尚属首创。本文对武汉动物园对墨水湖水质污染程度影响的多种因素进行了分析。     

畜禽养殖场环保支付意愿影响因素及其作用机制分析——基于山东省383份调查问卷的实证分析

作为畜禽养殖业的源头,畜禽养殖场的环保支付对畜禽养殖污染治理效果具有最直接的影响。从个体异质性特征、生产者经营特征、环境认知特征和社会环境特征4个方面分析了畜禽养殖场环保支付意愿的11个影响因素,运用ISM解释结构模型明确了影响因素间的关联关系、作用路径与递阶结构,并通过对山东省383家畜禽养殖场的调查数据对研究结果进行验证。结果表明:在影响畜禽养殖场环保支付意愿的11个因素中,养殖收入、环境污染担忧程度、畜禽养殖污染防治宣传、畜禽养殖污染防治政策执行力度是表层直接驱动因素,专业化程度、生态环境认知、养殖废弃物污染程度认知是中层间接因素,决策者文化程度、养殖规模、养殖年限、养殖培训是深层根源因素。     

原油在盐水中的溶解度研究

为了弄清污染事故的污染程度及影响因素,对原油在盐水中的溶解度进行了研究;采用正交实验方法,选定四个主要影响因素：水温、水深度、放置时间及油膜厚度,每个因素取三个水平。实验结果表明：影响水中油浓度最显著的因素是油膜厚度,显著因素是温度和水深度,次要因素是放置时间;研究结果可为污染事故的应急水处理提供依据。     

区域性氟污染调查监测及评价中相关问题的探讨

开展环境氟污染监测及评价,建议采用实测与预测相结合的方法,用综合评价指数给出污染程度分级,避免了偶然因素对分析结果的影响,提高监测结论的准确性。     

双流区域地下水污染现状及评价

本文在双流区域地下水污染调查基础之上，选用了主要反映工业生活污染的综合指标ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５和反映农业污染程度的ＮＨ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ３－Ｎ，ＮＯ２－Ｎ作为评价因子，研究了双流地下水污染现状，采用了综合指数法和点群分析法分类并评价了区域地下水污染对饮用水源地的影响程度。     

利用无人机低空遥感技术的管道爆炸污染监测研究

为了有效监测突发性环境污染，提出了利用无人机低空遥感技术的管道爆炸污染监测研究。以突发性管道爆炸污染事件为例，采用无人机低空遥感技术，识别突发性环境污染程度与区域范围，获取污染测量结果。根据污染物类别与气象条件因素，得到污染物质量浓度，验证污染监测的可靠性。实验结果表明，所提方法的污染监测失效率和可靠度分别为3.7%和93%,污染监测精确度为93%,污染监测时间为30.9s。验证了所提方法能够有效提高突发性环境污染监测精度和效率，确保突发性环境污染监测可靠性，为有效监测突发性环境污染提供了一定的参考。     

青海省农村环境保护问题与对策

随着农村经济快速发展，农村环境污染问题日益突出，点源污染与面源污染共存，生活污染和工业污染叠加，各种新旧污染相互交织，成为影响农村经济社会和生态环境可持续发展的重要制约因素，引起社会广泛关注。文章在分析我青海省农村环境主要存在问题的基础上，就加强农村环境保护工作提出了对策建议。     

长江经济带雾霾污染的空间特征及影响因素研究

近年来,我国长江经济带沿岸地区雾霾天气频发,雾霾污染问题愈加严峻。选取长江经济带2000—2016年省级面板数据,基于莫兰指数、空间滞后模型、空间误差模型和空间杜宾模型对雾霾污染的空间特征和影响因素进行了深入剖析,并对雾霾治理的路径选择进行了探讨。研究发现:分布上,长江经济带雾霾污染具有一定的差异性特征,但整体具有显著的空间相关性;经济成因上,能源消费结构、经济发展水平和产业结构是影响长江经济带雾霾污染的主要因素,以煤炭为主的能源消耗越多、经济发展水平越高、工业产业比重越大,雾霾污染程度越严重。从能源结构、产业升级和协同治理等方面提出了雾霾污染治理对策。     

松浦大桥水源地主要污染物影响因素研究

通过对近20年松浦大桥水源地监测数据的深入研究,使用多元统计方法对主要污染物进行分析,得到主要污染因子的分类及其影响因素;通过计算黄浦江上游面源、点源和上游来水的污染负荷,得到其对松浦大桥水源地的影响程度;提出改善松浦大桥水质的建议。     

我国蔬菜和蔬菜种植土壤的重金属污染现状与一般规律

本文对我国部分城市农用土壤和蔬菜重金属污染现状进行了综述，重金属污染在蔬菜种植土壤和蔬菜中主要是以Pb、Cd、Hg为主，且工业城市和人口密度大的城市尤为突出。分析了植物吸附重金属的一般规律与影响因素。为防治重金属污染提供了理论依据。     

Decision making under uncertainty using PEES–fuzzy AHP–fuzzy TOPSIS methodology for landfill location selection

The location selection for landfill municipal solid waste is an important issue in waste management. Selection of the optimal location requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation factors because of system complexity. Further, ranking of the alternative locations and selection of the most optimal and efficient locations for landfill waste are an important multi-criteria decision-making problem. In this study, the candidate locations for landfill are determined based on Political, Economical, Environmental and Social factors are assessed through decision-makers’ opinion and by the methodology that incorporates fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS). Specifically, the fuzzy AHP technique is applied to determine the weights of selected criteria impacting the location selection process, and the fuzzy AHP is adapted to model the linguistic vagueness and ambiguity, which can also be expressed as triangular fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, fuzzy TOPSIS technique is employed to rank the alternative locations. The applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by a case study of landfill waste location selection in the region of Casablanca, Morocco, and the results are compared with other techniques. Finally, to complete the treatment, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the impact of the preferences given by decision-makers to choose the best location.     

基于模糊综合评判法评价地下水环境质量的探讨——以新疆某市为例

模糊综合评判法是以模糊数学为基础,应用模糊关系合成的原理,将一些边界不清,不易定量的因素定量化,进行综合评价的一种方法。从其原理分析,在地下水环境质量评价方面可能取得更准确的结果。首先介绍了模糊综合评判法的计算步骤,然后以新疆某市2008年第4季度2个水质监测采样点的监测资料为依据,选择5种污染物为评价因子,运用模糊综合评判法进行运算,得出综合评价结果。评价结果表明,运用模糊综合评判法评价地下水质量是合理的,其评价结果能全面反映水质的综合状况。     

FSILP: fuzzy-stochastic-interval linear programming for supporting municipal solid waste management

Although many studies on municipal solid waste management (MSW management) were conducted under uncertain conditions of fuzzy, stochastic, and interval coexistence, the solution to the conventional linear programming problems of integrating fuzzy method with the other two was inefficient. In this study, a fuzzy-stochastic-interval linear programming (FSILP) method is developed by integrating Nguyen's method with conventional linear programming for supporting municipal solid waste management. The Nguyen's method was used to convert the fuzzy and fuzzy-stochastic linear programming problems into the conventional linear programs, by measuring the attainment values of fuzzy numbers and/or fuzzy random variables, as well as superiority and inferiority between triangular fuzzy numbers/triangular fuzzy-stochastic variables. The developed method can effectively tackle uncertainties described in terms of probability density functions, fuzzy membership functions, and discrete intervals. Moreover, the method can also improve upon the conventional interval fuzzy programming and two-stage stochastic programming approaches, with advantageous capabilities that are easily achieved with fewer constraints and significantly reduces consumption time. The developed model was applied to a case study of municipal solid waste management system in a city. The results indicated that reasonable solutions had been generated. The solution can help quantify the relationship between the change of system cost and the uncertainties, which could support further analysis of tradeoffs between the waste management cost and the system failure risk.     

模糊优选原理在水质综合评价中的应用

本文将模糊优选原理应用到水质综合评价中，并通过与模糊综合评价模型对水质评价的比较，验证了其准确性和优越性。     

A COMPLEMENTARY TOOL TO WATER QUALITY INDEX: FUZZY CLUSTERING ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: A general methodology for fuzzy clustering analysis is developed and illustrated with a case study of water quality evaluation for Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. Fuzzy clustering analysis may be used whenever a composite classification of water quality incorporates multiple parameters. In such cases, the technique may be used as a complement or an alternative to comprehensive assessment. In fuzzy clustering analysis, the classification is determined by a fuzzy relation. After a fuzzy similarity matrix has been established and the fuzzy relation stabilized, a dynamic clustering chart can be developed. Given a suitable threshold, the appropriate classification is worked out. The methodology is relatively simple, and the results can be interpreted to provide valuable information to support decision making and to aid water quality management.     

涂层大气腐蚀的模糊综合评定

此文将模糊理论应用于涂层的大气腐蚀试验,针对对比性腐蚀试验结果,提出了涂层保护性能大气腐蚀模糊综合评定方法。本法具有简捷、迅速、准确等优点。     

模糊神经网络模型在拟建项目环境质量评价中的应用

由于评价因子与环境质量标准之间的模糊关系,导致传统的评价模型结果的不确定性。本文将模糊理论和神经网络模型相结合,利用模糊理论的隶属度反映各因子的质量相对状态,从而更精确地识别模糊性。通过模糊神经网络模型对环境质量标准样本的学习和测试,得出评价等级,并与模糊综合评价方法进行对比,实验结果表明,模糊神经网络模型用于环境质量评价是可行的,且比模糊综合评价方法更为客观、合理。     

Fuzzy multiple-criteria decision-making approach for industrial green engineering

This paper describes a fuzzy hierarchical analytic approach to determine the weighting of subjective judgments. In addition, it presents a nonadditive fuzzy integral technique to evaluate a green engineering industry case as a fuzzy multicriteria decision-making (FMCDM) problem. When the investment strategies are evaluated from various aspects, such as economic effectiveness, technical feasibility, and environmental regulation, it can be regarded as an FMCDM problem. Since stakeholders cannot clearly estimate each considered criterion in terms of numerical values for the anticipated alternatives/strategies, fuzziness is considered to be applicable. Consequently, this paper uses triangular fuzzy numbers to establish weights and anticipated achievement values. By ranking fuzzy weights and fuzzy synthetic utility values, we can determine the relative importance of criteria and decide the best strategies. This paper applies what is called a λ fuzzy measure and nonadditive fuzzy integral technique to evaluate the synthetic performance of green engineering strategies for aquatic products processors in Taiwan. In addition, we demonstrate that the nonadditive fuzzy integral is an effective evaluation and appears to be appropriate, especially when the criteria are not independent.     

DECISION SUPPORT FOR ALLOCATION OF WATERSHED POLLUTION LOAD USING GREY FUZZY MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT: This paper uses the grey fuzzy multiobjective programming to aid in decision making for the allocation of waste load in a river system under versatile uncertainties and risks. It differs from previous studies by considering a multicriteria objective function with combined grey and fuzzy messages under a cost benefit analysis framework. Such analysis technically integrates the prior information of water quality models, water quality standards, wastewater treatment costs, and potential benefits gained via in‐stream water quality improvement. While fuzzy sets are characterized based on semantic and cognitive vagueness in decision making, grey numbers can delineate measurement errors in data collection. By employing three distinct set theoretic fuzzy operators, the synergy of grey and fuzzy implications may smoothly characterize the prescribed management complexity. With the aid of genetic algorithm in the solution procedure, the modeling outputs contribute to the development of an effective waste load allocation and reduction scheme for tributaries in this subwatershed located in the lower Tseng‐Wen River Basin, South Taiwan. Research findings indicate that the inclusion of three fuzzy set theoretic operators in decision analysis may delineate different tradeoffs in decision making due to varying changes, transformations, and movements of waste load in association with land use pattern within the watershed.     

模糊数学在矿山环境影响评价中的应用

环境质量是一个涉及多因素多层级的模糊概念,用经典数学进行环境质量评价,评判环境质量的等级只能用一个绝对判据来划分,无法处理模糊因素边界不清晰、中间过渡不分明的问题。本文应用模糊数学方法,在单环境因素模糊综合评价的基础上,进行了总体环境质量模糊综合评价的探讨,结合某区域环境实例,对其总体环境质量进行了模糊综合评价,并将评价结果与用经典数学评价结果进行了比较,比较表明,环境质量模糊评价方法较经典数学评价方法更客观更准确。