GIS在矿产资源评价中的应用

在矿产资源评价领域中,GIS的应用受到广泛的关注。作为一种地理学领域的信息系统,综合其它地质勘探、物探、化学等多种方法进行分析、判断,对矿产资源进行全面评价。讨论了GIS在矿产资源评价应用中的进展、作用、思路与方法以及应用过程中的关键问题。     

湖泊型旅游地开发的定量评价研究

根据湖泊型旅游地开发评价因子的特性,构建了湖泊型旅游地开发评价指标体系,将其分为数值型因子和模糊型因子两种类型,提出一种具有兼容性的湖泊旅游地开发综合评价模型.该模型结合旅游地综合性评价模型和模糊评价模型的优点及适应范围,分别对数值型和模糊型评价因子进行评价,然后得出定量化的综合评价结论.     

基于GIS的矿产资源评价方法

随着计算机技术的发展,GIS已经运用到了许多行业之中。在地质矿产勘查领域,其应用也开始由科研阶段向生产阶段转化。基于GIS的矿产资源综合定量评价方法,事实上是借助专用的GIS系统进行数据收集、信息提取、信息集成,最终应用综合致矿信息实施找矿靶区定量圈定和评价的过程。     

京津冀地区矿产资源开发的生态环境影响研究

京津冀地区位于我国北方农牧交错带前缘,坝上、燕山、太行山等地区是区域水源的主要发源地,同样是京津及华北平原的主要生态屏障。对京津冀地区矿产资源开发的生态环境影响进行评价,具有重要现实意义。本文根据京津冀地区矿产资源开发现状、规划空间布局和生态环境特点,综合运用GIS空间分析技术和生态风险理论,从矿产资源的空间布局合理性角度入手,分析京津冀地区矿产资源开发利用的生态环境影响,并以此识别区域内矿产资源开发的生态风险高发区和较高发区。结果显示,京津冀地区矿产资源开发空间布局与燕山、太行山山地水源涵养与水土保持区、坝上高原风沙防护区等生态功能区存在空间重叠,规模性的矿产开发会对区域内的水源涵养、土壤保持、生物多样性维护等生态功能构成持续性影响;高海拔地区的高强度开矿同样会加剧水土流失和荒漠化。天津市滨海区,承德市宽城满族自治县,邯郸市武安市等市县因密集分布了已有的矿产开发企业,并囊括了近期矿产资源开发的众多矿区,矿产资源开发的遗留性问题也比较突出,成为矿产资源开发的生态风险高发区。在生态影响分析基础上,本文提出了有针对性的空间差异性生态保护对策,以期为京津冀地区矿产资源开发布局优化提供技术支撑。     

四川省矿产资源评价

一、矿产资源概况矿产资源是重要的自然资源。当今世界矿产资源的合理开发、综合利用和保护愈来愈受到重视。据统计,80％～90％的国民经济部门和人民生活用品都离不开矿产资源。因此,开发矿业对促进经济发展具有重要的作用。四川省地域辽阔,地层发育完整,岩浆活动频繁,地质构造多样,成矿条件有利,矿产资源比较丰富,是我国矿产资源富集的地区之一。截至1985年     

典型雨水收集处理系统的生命周期评价

生命周期评价是一种对全过程资源消耗和环境影响进行分析与评价的方法,利用生命周期评价法对雨水收集处理方法进行评估分析对低影响开发雨水系统构建具有重要意义。根据《海绵城市建设技术指南—低影响开发雨水系统构建》的要求,对3种低影响开发雨水系统技术展开了生命周期评价。结果表明,绿色屋顶原材料最为环保,污染物排放最小;雨水花园产生的综合环境影响最小,水体污染物减排效应最为显著,环保优势较为明显;透水路面会对环境产生较大的负荷,应考虑环保材料、改进工艺等手段降低化石能源的消耗,从而减少雨水收集系统对环境所造成的负面影响。     

南充市旅游资源的综合评价

运用层次分析法,对南充市旅游资源进行了综合评价,并对结果进行了分级研究,得出南充市旅游资源开发的优先顺序.     

淮南矿区开发生态环境调查与评价

淮南地处华东腹地，矿产资源丰富，矿区开采强度大，生态环境影响突出。调查生态环境现状，评价矿产资源开发与生产活动的生态环境影响，研究宏观调控对策，具有重大意义。     

川南旅游资源的综合评价

本文利用特尔菲法和层次分析法,对川南旅游区９５个景点进行了定量分析,建立了川南旅游资源综合评价模型和基层因子评估标准。     

基于AHP-模糊评价的炼化企业生产安全事故应急能力评估方法体系

为实现炼化企业生产安全事故应急能力的科学合理评估,将应急能力涉及的所有因素凝练划分为6个分项能力,给出了相应的评估要素,构建了炼化企业应急能力评估层次分析模型,通过数值求解,确定了各级指标的权重分布;在此基础上,基于模糊综合评价理论,建立了应急能力评估模型,将专家评估结果中模糊 性的程度语言概念进行量化处理,实现了多因素多层次的评估问题从定性研判向定量分析的转换;同时提出了与评估模型相配套的专家遴选、评估方案和问题清单化梳理方法,形成了完善的炼化企业生产安全事故应急能 力评估方法体系。以三家炼化企业作为试点企业,对应急能力模糊综合评价向量和评估分值进行求解确定,分析归纳存在的突出问题,并进行应急能力评价。研究成果可以为提升和完善应急管理水平提供一定的理论和实践依据。     

烟台市矿产资源的开发利用对策

烟台市矿产资原丰富,开采量大,资源消耗速度快,合理开发与科学保护是其可持续开发的重要措施．     

加快优势矿产开发,建设原材料生产基地

攀西-六盘水地区矿产资源种类繁多,储量丰富,优势明显,在国内占有重要地位。本文从区内赋存的矿产资源条件和现有工业基础出发,分析了发展高耗能原材料工业的有利条件和制约因素,阐述了建设以钢铁、有色金属和磷化工为主的原材料生产基地的布局构想,并提出了加快开发利用优势矿产资源的对策建议。     

A quantitative integrated evaluation of sustainable development of mineral resources of a mining city: a case study of Huangshi,Eastern China

It is generally considered that the non-renewable nature of mineral resources will make them gradually depleted over time. However, in the perspective of development availability of mineral resources in a long-term depends not only on their currently available amounts but also on future potential mineral resources (e.g. those undiscovered and low-grade ores) and substitutive renewable resources. In addition, it is influenced by factors like technology and capital. These factors interact with each other. As a result, it is possible to make the sustainable development of mineral resources by appropriate coordination between these factors. A new concept of Degree of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resources (DSDMR) and its conceptual model are proposed in this paper in the viewpoints of system science and sustainable development to evaluate the ability of sustainable development of mineral resources for a mining city. DSDMR refers to the ability of meeting needs of present and future generations for mineral resources by their logical distribution and substitution. An indicator system and a fuzzy integrated judgment model, which involve factors of resources, economy, society, environments and intelligence, are presented. They are used to evaluate DSDMR of Huangshi city, which is the most ancient and yet one of the most important mining cities producing iron and copper in China.     

UNITED NATIONS MINERAL EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES: 1960–1976

The United Nations Development Programme plays an important role in strengthening the economies of developing countries through mineral exploration projects, training in geosciences and institution building. This review demonstrates the effectiveness of such activities, both in terms of the economic value of mineral discoveries, and the less tangible, long-term contribution through development of infrastructure and skills, introduction of modern technology, and building up a body of reliable information as a base for future planning of mineral resources development.     

Imperatives for attracting investment and technology in the Indian mining sector

In India, the mineral resource inventory and the production of a large number of important minerals have registered significant increases during the last few decades. Yet the country continues to be a net importer of many high value and scarce minerals and metals, like gold, diamond, and several base metals. Exploration and development of the resources of these minerals are technology- and capital-intensive. To bring technology and capital through foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Indian mineral sector, it is imperative to lay stress on: accurate resource estimation and categorization, as well as realistic projection of the true values; rationalization of legislative measures based on R&D studies and reorganization of the implementation machinery; conducive tax structure; notification of acts and rules applicable to offshore mineral resources; time-frames for granting licences and leases; encouragement to labor productivity by rationalizing labor laws; reforms in the monetary system to increase market competitiveness of Indian minerals; and judicial reforms. FDI in the Indian mineral sector is important to firm up the knowledge-base of mineral resources and their optimum exploitation.     

内河岸线资源评价与开发研究——以安徽巢湖市域长江岸线为例

内河岸线资源是国家重要的国土资源和特殊的土地资源。随着“T”战略的实施、沿江开发的逐步深入，岸线资源在沿江区域经济发展中的地位越来越重要。如何客观、科学地评价岸线资源，合理利用并发挥其最大的资源效益具有重要意义。经过甄别，遴选了岸前水深、岸线稳定性、岸前航道水域宽度和后方陆域场地条件4项指标作为评价指标，并运用GIS手段进行了实际评价，经过综合评价得出安徽巢湖段岸线资源的基本情况是Ⅰ、Ⅱ级优良岸线比例高，适合建港和发展工业、仓储的岸线资源量大，并根据评价结果分段提出了开发方向和建议。     

加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理

矿产资源开发对促进国民经济的发展具有重要的作用,但与此同时也带来不少环境问题,如破坏土地和生态环境,在矿石采选冶中产生“三废”对周围环境严重污染,破坏水资源平衡,引发地质灾害等。因此,现在必须高度重视并加强矿产资源开发中对环境的保护与治理,使矿产资源开发与矿山环境保护协调发展。首先,应制订并实施各地区的矿产开发规划,根据环境容量等调整矿业布局和矿业结构,严格对矿山环境进行监测、监管;其次,应加强对矿山环境的调查和评价,加强矿山环境保护的科技研究,提高矿山环境防治技术水平并加速技术推广;最后,应加强矿山环境保护的宣传教育,使矿山环境在全体公民的参与和监督下得到有效的保护。     

The concept and measurement of mineral reserves and resources

The distinction between an exploitable and a non-exploitable mineral deposit is dynamic, varying as a function of changing economic and technological factors. A conceptual framework is proposed: ‘reserves’ are restricted to known currently exploitable deposits; ‘known resources’ are reserves plus currently non-exploitable deposits; ‘total resources’ are known resources plus all deposits not yet discovered. The short-term inadequacy of some mineral reserves requites a policy of accelerated mineral exploration and rapid development of new exploration techniques. Future problems could be avoided if the nature of resources is recognized and new mineral extraction and processing techniques for lower grade and unconventional mineral deposits are developed.     

拉萨河流域高寒湿地水质影响因子分析

西藏高寒湿地在生态平衡、生态建设和经济社会发展中发挥着重要作用。本文以西藏拉萨河流域内各个典型高寒湿地为研究对象,通过系统聚类法和综合污染指数法,对流域内各项水质指标进行综合分析和评价。结果表明：各个湿地的总N、Cu元素含量都超出了Ⅰ类水质标准;总P、Zn没有超标;Mn元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标3倍外,其他均小于国家标准;Fe元素含量除了塘嘎郭湿地超标7倍外,其他均小于标准。总N、总P、pH值、Cu、Fe等因子对拉萨河流域内各个高寒湿地水质污染贡献最大。拉萨河水体有机污染较重,其余各个湿地有水体富营养化的趋势,同时流域内湿地独特的自然因素造成该流域内重金属污染偏高。对策建议包括应加大对城市污水的治理,加强流域内及周边矿藏资源的开发管理等。     

Copper in India: Present and future outlook

The availability of mineral resources plays an important role in India's national economy. Copper, one of the important non-ferrous metals, has various industrial uses and demand for it is increasing in India where the inventory and production of copper, though not comparable with developed countries, shows an impressive growth rate, particularly during the last decade. With an increasing rate of industrial production envisaged in future plans copper consumption is expected to rise. Logistic curves have been used to study the potential long-term production capability under the dynamic concept of reserves and resources, with curves drawn for various estimates of total available resources. The production figures shown are not final and are subject to change due to a number of factors. This approach merely provides a method for projecting trends in future production.