高压电器外绝缘环境技术的评述和展望

1990年年初,我国发生了大面积污闪事故,给电力工业和国民经济造成严重损失,同时对高压电器外绝缘环境技术的研究提出急迫的要求。本文对高压电器外绝缘环境技术的特点、研究方法、现状和问题作出评述,同时分析和展望了该技术的研究方向和发展趋势。     

国内外主要脱硫技术的对比分析

我国以燃煤为主的能源结构，决定了解决二氧化硫污染成为防治大气污染问题的立足点和基本出发点；电力工业是二氧化硫污染大户，也是治理二氧化硫的关键。脱硫技术的引进、消化、开发、应用必须立足我国的基本国情，国产化是必由之路，国外先进的脱硫工艺必须走国产化的道路。     

资源和环境是电力可持续发展的条件

ResourceandEnvironmentAreRequiredAsConditionsForPowerPlant'sSustainableDevelopment编者按第四次全国环境工作会议以后，为贯彻会议精神，电力工业部召开了全国电力工业环境保护工作会议。电力工业部部长史大桢、副部长查克明在会上分别作了题为“资源和环境是电力可持续发展的条件”和“走电力与环境协调发展之路”的讲话，对电力工业与环境保护、与实施可持续发展的关系做了阐述。本刊根据《中国电业》杂志1996年第12期刊发的讲话内容，全文转载。环境保护是我国的一项基本国策。当前，我们要特别注意提高以下三个方面的认识：1…     

电力工业的可持续发展与绿色电力

文章从可持续发展的角度详细阐述了电力工业可持续发展的内涵,从能源结构、环境保护和资源利用等方面提出中国电力工业实施可持续发展的必要性,并提出实现电力工业可持续发展的途径是采用新型发电技术加强环境保护,节约能源并开发新能源,重点对绿色电力进行分析,提出积极发展绿色电力。     

四川省电力工业环境现状及防治对策

本文概述了四川电力工业环境现状,特别是二氧化硫的污染形势严峻。通过一系列数据,说明四川省电力工业控制SO_2污染已势在必行。     

城市可持续发展政策的取向与反思

本文对城市可持续发展进行了概述，从物理环境、经济环境和社会环境的相互作用的角度分析了城市可持续发展的政策取向，对当今的可持续发展的政策进行反思，提出了建立环境公平促进可持续发展的政策思路。     

大力发展我国绿色分散电源发供电技术

阐述了现代发供电模式的弊端，指出发展绿色环保分散电源是21世纪电力工业的发展方向，并对我国发展绿色环保分散电源发供电技术提出了建议。     

征稿启事

《环境技术》（国内统一刊号：CN44-1325／X）创刊于1983年，由中国机械工业集团公司主管，广州电器科学研究院主办、国家工业与日用电器行业生产力促进中心、国家日用电器质量监督检验中心、广州日用电器检测所、机械工业环境技术研究中心、电工产品环境适应性检测中心、中国电工技术学会电工产品环境技术专业委员会、全国电工电子产品环境技术标准化技术委员会等协办，是国内唯一专注于环境试验和材料分析测试研究；专注材料和产品使用时对环境造成任何有害或有益影响研究的专业媒体，经过二十多年的运作，《环境技术》已拥有完善的媒体发行渠道及稳定的读者群，在业界享有广泛知名度和较大影响力。承蒙广大作者、读者、专家的关心和支持，特致以诚挚的感谢。为了促进电工、电子产品环境试验、适应性和可靠性等研究领域的发展，本刊将继续发挥交流、沟通的作用。为办好刊物，丰富其内容，欢迎广大专家、学者、作者和读者踊跃投稿继续关心和支持《环境技术》。     

重庆市水环境功能区划

运用GIS技术和方法，以1：25万数字地图为基础，通过对重庆市环境现状的调查，结合重庆市的实际情况，提出了水环境功能区划分的原则、工作程序和技术路线，科学地划分了重庆市水环境功能区，并对水环境功能区划中的几个问题作了分析和探讨，提出了合理化建议，对加强环境管理，保护河流水质具有十分重要的意义。     

环境技术对提高航天产品可靠性的作用和影响

本文叙述了环境技术在产品可靠性设计和可靠性试验中的应用。前者包括局部环境和微环境设计、环境防护设计，后者列出了高效应力筛选试验（ＥＳＳ）和环境模拟试验。从中可以看出环境技术和可靠性关系十分密切，适当和有效地利用环境技术有利于提高产品的可靠性。     

Stockholm Initiative on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (SEED)

The power sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation. Electric power is also central to development. Energy efficiency, obtainable through power systems rehabilitation and sustainable improvements in institutional performance, is the most cost-effective route to reducing environmental damage while increasing electricity services delivered to end-users. Strategies to harmonize environment and development must therefore have energy efficiency as their centrepiece within the overall framework of social and economic development.     

基于系统动力学模型的区域可持续发展分析

结合系统动力学建模的原则和方法,构建了区域可持续发展系统动力学模型。根据区域社会经济发展和环境变化的动态性,子系统之间能量和物质流通的转化与信息的交互,形成人口、科技、环境、资源、经济5个子系统。某农业县三种方案对比的模拟实验表明,控制人口,大力发展生态农业和第三产业,优化产业发展结构,不但实现了GDP增长,而且环境质量指数稳步提升,促进了区域经济社会与环境的可持续发展。     

解析电除尘烟温与粉尘特性的最佳结合点

分析了电除尘烟温对粉尘特性的影响,以及烟温对电除尘器效率的影响,从中找出烟温调节与粉尘特性的最佳结合点。利用烟温调节的理念,应用余热利用节能电除尘技术对电除尘器进行提效改造,通过实例证明,这既可扩大电除尘器适应性和提高电除尘效率、满足低排放要求,又可节省电煤消耗和降低电耗,具有环保与经济的双重效益。     

OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY - PROSPECTIVE RENEWABLE SOURCE OF POWER

This paper presents a general overview of the problems relating to the harnessing of ocean thermal energy. Emphasis is laid on resources, technology, and environmental impact. It is stressed that the production of power from ocean thermal energy is technologically feasible, economically competitive with other alternative energy systems and not unduly harmful to the environment. Discussion centers on an assessment of the exploitable energy contained in ocean thermal gradients as well as the fundamentals of the technology needed to utilize this potential energy source. The theory of operation, materials and construction considerations and biofouling are examined for the closed- and open-cycle ocean thermal plant designs. A historical review of attempts to harness this source of energy is presented with emphasis on current reasearch. The potential this energy source has for effects on and damage to the ocean environment is examined.     

220kV拟建输变电工程环境影响评价分析

随着电网规模的不断扩大,220 k V电压等级的输变电网络将越来越多地介入人们的日常生活,如何对民众关心的220 k V输变电工程进行客观的环境影响评价分析成为越来越重要的实际问题。以某拟建220 k V输变电工程环境影响评价为例,介绍了评价因子尤其是电磁环境的现状监测、类比监测及模式预测综合分析,深入分析了该拟建输变电工程环境影响评价全过程,对输变电工程环境影响评价工作具有一定的指导意义。     

城市电动汽车规模化发展的大气环境影响研究

发展电动汽车被认为是有效缓解城市交通污染的重要措施,但大规模的电动汽车发展不仅有增加电力部门排放的风险,而且可能影响电网运营的稳定性。本研究以南京市为例,综合应用充电行为模式调研、蒙特卡洛模拟、COPERT模型、排放因子法等方法,系统研究了私家车、出租车和公交车三种类型电动汽车的充电特征及其对区域交通和电力部门排放的影响。结果表明,当三种车型的电动化率分别达到50%、100%和100%时,城市的NOx、PM_(2.5)、CO、VOCs和CO_2排放量将分别比基准情景减少378t、305t、20 223t、3649t和480万t。但是,SO_2排放增加了1152t,并且导致南京市电网的夏季峰值负荷增加10%。为更好地改善中国城市环境空气质量,应综合考虑电动汽车有序充电、协同促进清洁电力等发展策略,最大限度地实现电动汽车的环境效益。     

Environmental management information systems: New tools for measuring performance

Successful implementation of environmental management information systems (EMIS) has become essential to the success of total quality environmental management (TQEM) programs. Effective TQEM programs will be early indicators of which companies survive and thrive in today's competitive business environment. Highly competitive industries such as chemicals, electronics, and oil and gas are becoming very effective in cooperating to develop metrics, models, and tools that are based on business processes rather than regulatory edicts. Now electric power companies, newly exposed to market competition, are starting to develop and implement these metrics, standards, and tools. That industry provides a model for joining TQEM and EMIS.     

Environmental and economic analysis of management systems for biodegradable waste

The management system for solid and liquid organic waste affects the environment and surrounding technical systems in several ways. In order to decrease the environmental impact and resource use, biological waste treatment and alternative solutions for sewage treatment are often advocated. These alternatives include increased agricultural use of waste residuals. To analyse whether such proposed systems indicate improvements for the environment and its sustainability, systems analysis is a useful method. The changes in environmental impact and resource use is not only a result of changes in waste treatment methods, but also largely a result of changes in surrounding systems (energy and agriculture) caused by changes in waste management practices. In order to perform a systems analysis, a substance-flow simulation model, the organic waste research model (ORWARE), has been used. The results are evaluated by using methodology from life cycle assessment (LCA). An economic analysis was also performed on three of the studied scenarios. The management system for solid organic waste and sewage in the municipality of Uppsala, Sweden, was studied. Three scenarios for different treatments of solid waste were analysed: incineration with heat recovery, composting, and anaerobic digestion. These three scenarios included conventional sewage treatment. A fourth scenario reviewed was anaerobic digestion of solid waste, using urine-separating toilets and separate handling of the urine fraction. The results are only valid for the case study and under the assumptions made. In this case study anaerobic digestion result in the lowest environmental impact of all the solid waste management systems, but is costly. Economically, incineration with heat recovery is the cheapest way to treat solid waste. Composting gives environmental advantages compared to incineration methods, without significantly increased costs. Urine separation, which may be implemented together with any solid waste treatment, has great advantages, particularly in its low impact on the environment. However, there is a large increase in acidification.     

低碳经济下的智能用电技术与环境安全

智能用电作为建设坚强智能电网的重要组成部分,具有高度的自动化水平和很强的自愈能力。采用智能用电技术可以将各种分布式再生能源迅速接入电网,对环境安全具有重要的促进作用。通过介绍智能用电这一新技术的发展现状和及其关键技术,从能源防御体系、土地利用和电力生产等方面对智能用电与环境安全之间的关系进行了分析。采用智能用电技术可以减少碳排放,提高用电系统的抗击灾害能力,保护环境、集约利用土地,是环境安全体系中非常重要的组成环节。     

Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of a combined cycle power plant with chemical looping technology

CO₂ capture and storage from energy conversion systems is one option for reducing power plant CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere and for limiting the impact of fossil-fuel use on climate change. Among existing technologies, chemical looping combustion (CLC), an oxy-fuel approach, appears to be one of the most promising techniques, providing straightforward CO₂ capture with low energy requirements.This paper provides an evaluation of CLC technology from an economic and environmental perspective by comparing it with to a reference plant, a combined cycle power plant that includes no CO₂ capture. Two exergy-based methods, the exergoeconomic and the exergoenvironmental analyses, are used to determine the economic and environmental impacts, respectively. The applied methods facilitate the iterative optimization of energy conversion systems and lead towards the improvement of the effectiveness of the overall plant while decreasing the cost and the environmental impact of the generated product. For the plant with CLC, a high increase in the cost of electricity is observed, while at the same time the environmental impact decreases.