成都市某污水处理厂污泥处理与处置方式探讨

本文在简要介绍国内几种典型的污泥处理与处置方式基础上,结合成都市某污水处理厂在污泥处理与处置方面的现状以及所存在的问题,提出了以农业利用作为该厂污泥的最终处置方式。     

含油污泥的处理与利用

石油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥，带有有害物质和较高的热值，既需处理又可综合利用，这是一个复杂而又重要的课题。当前，我国含油污泥处理与利用和国外先进水平有较大差距，处理装置技术落后，不配套，多数污泥未进行无害化处理，造成了环境污染和能源资源的浪费。在收集了大量资料的基础上，列举了含油污泥的性质及危害。“九五”期间应积极开展先进工艺设备的引进推广工作，特别在含油污泥的脱水干燥、污油回收和绿化利用上，可推广江汉、中原油田的先进工艺设备，使含油污泥达到无害化乃至变废为宝。     

污泥成型焚烧热用于工位采暖的新工艺

采用WXRF-1型污泥成型焚烧热风炉进行污泥焚烧处理，可在处理污泥的同时使其热值也得到利用，解决了车间工位采暖的问题，合理地利用了能源；灰渣可直接用于建筑材料，降低了污泥处理成本。该技术具有方法简单实用、成本低、污泥处理彻底和再利用率高等特点。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的处理处置及有效利用

污泥是城市污水处理的副产品，不仅产生量大，而且成分极其复杂，如若处理不当，将会造成二次污染。同时，污泥作为三次资源，如何经济、合理地利用也是当今国内外广泛关注的问题之一。本文分析了我国城市污水处理厂污泥的特性，简介了当前城市污泥处理、处置的方法及研究进展；在大量调研国内外关于城市污泥有效利用的文献资料的基础上，概述了当前城市污泥资源化有效利用的最新技术，并指出我国城市污泥的有效利用应根据我国国情采取近期以农用为主，其他方面为辅的面向未来的资源化利用方式。     

城市污泥处理与资源化利用方案探讨

城市污泥既是污染物又是一种资源，污泥的处理、处置与资源化利用相结合才是其最好的出路。概述了堆肥、碱性稳定化、热干化、焚烧等几种主要的污泥处理和利用方案，并简述了在污泥利用方案选择时需考虑的因素。     

污泥处置技术探讨

综述了主要污泥处置技术及目前国内外污泥的处置利用情况，结合我国的实际情况，指出了污泥的资源化利用，尤其是农田利用是解决目前我国污泥问题的最优途径。     

高温堆肥法处理污泥的探讨

对于污水处理后所产生的污泥,较好的方法是采用无害化、资源化农用技术,利用污泥为原料,制成有机复合肥,不仅解决了污水污泥的处理问题,还可推动环保产业的发展,促进农业生产,具有明显的经济、社会和环境效益。     

市政污泥亚临界湿式氧化原位低碳处置技术

文章提出了一种基于亚临界湿式氧化处置市政污泥的原位低碳技术。该技术可在污水处理厂内直接对剩余污泥进行减量与资源化利用，省去了污泥脱水、干化、外运、储存、焚烧外加助燃料的处置过程，大幅减少了碳排放。同时，该技术可以将污泥中有机质转化为可利用的碳源，回用于污水处理过程，可以将氮、磷从污泥中回收后作为肥料利用，从污泥中分离出固体残渣作为土壤改良剂使用，具有工艺流程短、占地面积小、无需后续处置过程和污泥资源化价值高的优势，是在“双碳”目标下的一种具有竞争力的市政污泥处置新方式，具有广阔的应用前景和良好的可持续发展潜力。     

太阳能污泥干化在欧洲的应用

太阳能污泥干化指的是利用太阳能为主要能源对污水处理厂污泥进行干化和稳定化的污泥处理技术。该技术运用太阳能，借助传统温室干燥工艺，具有低温干化、运行费用低廉、操作简单、运行安全稳定、干化后的污泥仍保留原有的农用价值等特点。该文主要介绍了该工艺的工作原理及流程，工艺设计参数及其与传统热干化技术相比的优缺点，并简要介绍了该工艺在欧洲市场上的商业应用。     

城市污泥中重金属去除研究进展

由于城市污水处理厂中产生的剩余污泥中含有各种重金属，导致大量的营养丰富的污泥堆积如山，无法利用。为了能够实现剩余污泥的资源化，在此主要介绍了如何去除剩余污泥中的重金属，从而简单论述了各种比较有效的方法。     

污泥处理与处置技术研究

通过污泥的综合利用、填埋、投海等世界各国通常采用的几种主要的污泥处置方式的分析,对各种污泥利用方案进行比较,找出适合我国污泥无害化处理的先进技术以及制约我国污泥处理的因素.污泥的资源化利用应立足于各地实际,在兼顾环境生态效益、社会效益和经济效益平衡的前提下,选择最佳处置与利用方案.     

污泥农用对土壤环境的影响

土地利用是解决城市污泥处理处置的有效途径之一,本文从土壤理化性质、重金属污染风险以及有机污染风险3方面综述城市污泥农用对土壤环境的影响。城市污泥利用为植物提供营养元素,改良土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。污泥施用年限的长短与土壤中重金属的含量高低关系不明显,导致土壤重金属含量增加的主要因素是污泥施用量和污泥中重金属含量。在正常...     

西安市生活污水厂污泥中重金属特性及再利用风险评价

通过评价西安市污水厂污泥理化性质、重金属含量和潜在生态风险,探究污泥再利用的可行性.分析了西安市7个具有代表性的生活污水处理厂污泥的基本理化性质和6种重金属(Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd和Zn)在不同时期的含量变化,并对污泥再利用做了可行性评价和潜在风险评价.结果 表明,各污水厂污泥除XA3污水厂Cd未达标外,其余污水...     

Characterization of sewage sludge organic matter using solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Six sewage sludges from five sewage treatment plants in Australia were characterized using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectra were acquired both before and after removal of mineral components through treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Carbon mass balance indicated that little organic matter was lost on HF treatment, which significantly improved NMR sensitivity and spectral resolution, and decreased acquisition time and hence cost of NMR analysis. Two NMR techniques were used, the standard cross polarization (CP) technique and Bloch decay (BD). The BD technique had not been applied previously to the analysis of sewage sludge. For each sludge sample, both before and after HF treatment, the BD spectrum contained significantly more alkyl carbon. Spin counting, another technique applied to sewage sludge here for the first time, showed that the BD spectra of the HF-treated sludges were quantitative, while approximately 30% of the CP NMR signal went undetected. The discrepancy between CP and BD spectra was attributed to the presence of alkyl carbon with such high molecular mobility that the efficiency of cross polarization is affected. This study shows that sewage sludge organic matter is significantly different in chemistry to soil organic matter and has implications for the application of sewage sludge to agricultural land.     

超声波技术在污泥处理利用中的应用现状及前景预测

本文介绍低频超声波技术在城市污水厂污泥处理中应用的原理以及可以带来的经济和环境效益。指出，对一定量的剩余污泥进行超声处理后进行发酵，或者将其回流到生化池进水，可以增加沼气产量，并使最终的泥饼数量减少。通过分析德国的应用实例，说明了超声波设备可以带来的运行成本方面的好处。     

SLUDGE APPLICATION EFFECTS ON RUNOFF,INFILTRATION, AND WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Land application of sewage sludge requires careful monitoring because of its potential for contamination of surface water and ground water. A rainfall simulator was used the investigate the effects of freshly applied sludge on infiltration, and on runoff of sediment and nutrients from agricultural crop lands. Rain was applied to 16 experimental field plots. A three-run sequence was used to simulate different initial moisture conditions. Runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses were monitored at the base of each plot during the simulated rainfall events. Sludge was surface applied and incorporated at conventionally-tilled plots and surface applied at no-till plots, at rates of 0, 75, 150 kg-N/ha. Steady-state infiltrability increased as a result of sludge application, although the no-till practice was more effective in increasing the infiltrability than the sludge application. No-till practices greatly reduced runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses from the sludge treated plots, relative to the conventional tillage practices. Incorporation of the sludge was effective in reducing nutrient yields at the conventionally-tilled plots. This effect was more pronounced during the third rainstorm, with wet initial conditions. Peak loadings of nutrients appeared during the rainstorm with wet initial conditions.     

污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾厌氧/混合厌氧消化研究进展

本文主要对国内外城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾混合厌氧消化的研究进行了综述,介绍了厌氧消化技术在污水厂污泥和厨余垃圾处理处置中的应用,对两种废物单独厌氧消化和混合厌氧消化技术进行了比较,分析了城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾混合厌氧消化的可行性以及工艺参数对混合厌氧消化的影响,并对城市污水厂污泥与厨余垃圾的混合厌氧消化技术的研究和应用提出了展望。     

A multi-criteria evaluation of organic amendments used to transform an unproductive shrubland into a Mediterranean dehesa

Environmental and health problems associated with the use of digested sewage sludge hinder its application and encourage the introduction of additional treatments such as composting and thermal drying. The aim of this paper is to assess the possibility of using three different types of sewage sludge (digested, composted and thermally dried) to improve soil fertility and enhance the transformation of an unproductive shrub land into a Mediterranean dehesa for grazing purposes and also to reduce wildfire risk. In total, 10t ha(-1) of dry matter of three types of sewage sludge were spread on the soil surface of 4x5m field plots, and then seeded with a mixture of grasses. Effects on soil fertility and plant growth were monitored over 2 years. The results show that all three types of sludge application had a significant effect on vegetation cover, herbaceous biomass (2767.7+/-716.1 and 1735.0+/-299.7kgha(-1) for digested sludge amended and control plots, respectively) and tree growth (0.41+/-0.108cmyear(-1) on amended trees, 14.6% more than control trees). This study proposes the use of multi-criteria analysis to identify the most suitable fertilization alternatives and to assist in the decision-making process of sludge recycling. Because of the high degree of uncertainty and conflicting objectives associated with these decisions, multi-criteria evaluation tools make a valuable contribution to decision-making processes concerning sewage sludge applications. According to multi-criteria results, the composted sludge alternative is the most suitable. This is because all the objectives are achieved: an improvement in the properties and functions of the soil with a positive vegetation response as well as minimal economic cost and risk of toxicity.     

日本琵琶湖流域污水超深度处理及污泥处置

以日本琵琶湖流域东北部净化中心为例,介绍了日本琵琶湖流域市政污水处理概况,重点阐述了以投加絮凝剂的多段硝化脱氮法为核心生物工艺的"超深度"处理技术和以"焚烧—熔融"为核心工艺的污泥资源化处置技术,为我国市政污水的深度处理和污泥处置提供了技术和发展借鉴。     

Composting and compost application in China

The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge production (in terms of volume as well as composition) in China is introduced. Composting and compost application in China are reviewed. In China, the production of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge is changing rapidly along with economic development. Composting is mainly applied for treating MSW, about 20% of the total amount of MSW being disposed. MSW composting is mainly co-composted with night soil or sewage sludge. Compost is used in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Compost application is the key factor influencing the composting development in China. To promote composting and compost application in China, a state-wide survey on the production, composition and physical and chemical properties of MSW and sewage sludge should be carried out. More effort should be made to develop low cost and high efficient composting technologies according to China's conditions. The environmental impact of compost application should also be given more attention.