资阳老鹰水库浮游动物群落结构周年变化

为了解资阳老鹰水库浮游动物群落现状,于2011年9月~2012年9月对资阳老鹰水库浮游动物群落结构特征和物种多样性进行调查,共检出浮游动物75种,其中原生动物27种,轮虫32种,枝角类10种,桡足类6种。优势种主要为原生动物和轮虫的种类。浮游动物的季节变化以秋季密度最大,冬季最小,水平变化以6#点密度最大,2#点最小。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表明老鹰水库水质处于α-β中污染状态,综合营养状态指数(TLIc)评价老鹰水库处于轻度富营养水平。     

陡河水库浮游植物群落结构变化与营养状态分析

为了判断陡河水体的营养状态,为水体修复提供理论基础,采用浮游生物定量方法对陡河水库水体中浮游植物群种类、数量进行分析,研究不同环境条件下水体中浮游植物的优势种群及变化规律。结果表明:浮游植物共有7个门,45种以上,是绿藻+硅藻型的群落结构类型,并有比较稳定的隐藻、金藻和蓝藻种类,浮游植物的细胞密度在100万个/L以上。综合来看,陡河水库水体处于轻度富营养状态。     

梅湾水库水环境状况分析及建议

基于梅湾水库2016年水质逐月监测数据,采用单因子评价法和综合营养状态指数法对水库水质和富营养化状况进行了评价,并对主要环境因子的相关性及水库污染源进行了分析。结果表明:梅湾水库总体水质为Ⅳ类,超标污染物为总磷,属轻度污染。水库水质除11月符合Ⅲ类标准外,其余月份稳定在Ⅳ类。而总氮全年处于劣Ⅴ类水平。水库冬春季为中营养状态,夏秋季为轻度富营养状态,总体上处于轻度富营养状态。叶绿素a与水温、高锰酸盐指数之间两两正相关,相关性极显著,但与N、P相关性不显著。总氮与高锰酸盐指数、水温之间显著正相关。同时,针对库区污染源提出了相应的环境整治建议。     

升钟水库近十年水质演变趋势及富营养化治理对策

根据2006~2017年水质监测数据资料,对升钟水库水质和营养化状态变化进行分析,探讨了水库水质演变规律、富营养化发展趋势及主要影响因子,同时利用线性回归模型和累积概率密度模型对升钟水库富营养化未来5年的发展趋势进行风险预测。结果表明:升钟水库水质呈上升趋势,水质状态为Ⅱ类。综合营养状态指数显示水库营养状态由富营养逐步向中营养转变,水体中的总氮、总磷、高锰酸盐指数呈显著下降趋势,分析表明总磷是升钟湖富营养化的关键限制因子,未来5年内升钟水库的大坝断面有富营养化的中度风险(58.78%)。为控制环境风险,针对性提出防治升钟水库富营养化的对策和建议。     

于桥水库水质富营养化评价及防治对策研究

采用水质单因子评价法和综合营养状态指数(TLI)对天津市于桥水库2015年水质监测结果进行分析评价,结果表明:采用单因子评价法,2015年于桥水库整体水质为Ⅴ类,主要超标因子为总氮和总磷;综合营养状态指数表明水库整体呈轻富营养状态,TLI数值在54.2~59.1之间;针对目前于桥水库水质的实际情况,在未来水库治理措施及工作重点上提出了相应的建议及对策。     

眉山市东坡区乡镇饮用水水源地富营养化状况分析

基于2016年2月、5月、8月和10月的水质监测数据,采用综合营养状态指数和营养状态指数对东坡区10个乡镇饮用水水源地进行了富营养化评价与分析。结果表明:各乡镇饮用水水源地除1个水库为中营养状态外,其余9个水库均为轻度富营养状态。各水库枯水期的富营养化程度全年同比最低。10个水库的水质均劣于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类标准。水质超标及富营养化的主要污染因子为TN,主要污染来源是农业面源污染和生活污染。     

二滩水库近5年水质演变趋势及相关性分析

根据2013～2017年水质逐月监测数据资料,对二滩水库水质和营养化状态变化进行分析,探讨了二滩水库水质演变规律富营养化发展趋势及其主要影响因子。结果表明,水温、pH、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、氨氮、透明度、生化需氧量和叶绿素a浓度均存在显著年际变化;综合营养状态指数显示水库营养状态由中营养逐步向贫营养转变;相关性分析显示,各指标之间存在着一定的相关性;出库断面水质比入库断面水质较好;近5年间二滩水库水质逐步变好,尤其是2016年网箱拆除后,各项指标均达到标准限值。     

化成水库饮用水源地富营养化状况的分析与评价

根据2014~2016年对化成水库的水质监测,采用综合营养状态指数法和模糊综合评价法对水库富营养化现状进行了评价。结果表明两种评价方法得出的结果一致,该水库在此三年间持续处于中营养状态。对该点位水质富营养化变量指标(COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N、TN和TP)进行特征分析,TN和TP均为Ⅲ类,COD_(Mn)处于Ⅱ—Ⅲ类,NH_3-N达到Ⅱ类。分析该区域水质各指标为NH_3-N和TN污染主要来源是点源污染,而TP和COD_(Mn)主要来自非点源污染。根据分析结果对化成水库富营养化进行成因分析并提出科学建议。     

黑龙滩水库污染源及水质演变趋势分析

在黑龙滩水库进行污染源调查及水质分析的基础上,探讨了水库水质和营养盐变化趋势及其主要影响因素。污染源调查结果表明,黑龙滩水库流域CODCr、NH3-N、TN和TP产生量分别为3664.23 t/a、280.37 t/a、335.49 t/a和74.96 t/a,水库污染负荷主要集中在农村面源污染、畜禽养殖污染和旅游污染3个方面,其污染物产生量占总污染负荷的93%以上;水质分析表明,自2006年后,黑龙滩水库水质逐渐好转,但2010后CODMn有上升趋势,2012年主要超标因子为CODMn和TP;2004年~2012年,黑龙滩水库营养状况由贫营养向中营养发展,并在2010年~2012年稳定在中营养状态,水库富营养化整体呈现加剧趋势。     

南丹县天生桥水库浮游植物与水环境营养状态分析

对南丹县天生桥水库浮游植物群落结构特征进行调查研究,利用多样性指数和综合营养状态指数对水库水体营养水平进行评价。结果表明,多样性指数和营养化变化趋势均呈现坝址下游库尾上游库区内。针对水库水质现状和存在问题,从划定水源保护区、建立环境监测体系、库区底泥治理、生活面源治理、农业面源治理等方面,提出保证水源水质的防控措施。     

滆湖藻密度的时空分布及驱动因子分析

在2年内分季度调查滆湖浮游植物种群和水环境因子,分析藻密度的空间分布状况以及按时间序列的藻密度变化和浮游植物优势种群变化,分别采用"多元线性逐步回归法"和"偏相关系数法"进行藻密度驱动因子识别。结果表明,滆湖藻密度空间分布趋势为由北向南逐渐升高,年际间季节差异极显著。浮游植物的演替规律为冬、春季节以绿藻和硅藻为主,夏、秋季节蓝藻占绝对优势。通过比较2种统计方法的计算结果,确定全湖及中、南部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和高锰酸盐指数,北部湖区藻密度的驱动因子是温度和硝酸盐氮,所有驱动因子对滆湖藻密度的影响均为正效应。在富营养化严重的滆湖,N,P营养盐已经不再是浮游植物生长的主要驱动因子,从统计方法的角度解释了部分环境因子没有入选为驱动因子的原因,并推断了其他可能的驱动因子。     

剑潭大坝对东江惠州河段浮游植物的影响研究

根据2006年4月、8月和12月月初的采样调查,对剑潭大坝蓄水前后浮游植物种类、组成在时间和空间上的变化进行研究,并探讨富营养化要素对浮游植物结构和数量的影响。结果表明,剑潭大坝下闸蓄水后：（1）浮游植物的数量和结构发生了一定的变化。3年期间,总物种数呈现下降趋势;剑潭大坝处采样点浮游植物群落结构变化明显;（2）季节性变化明显,丰水期以蓝藻为优势,枯水期以蓝藻绿藻共同占据优势;（3）在剑潭大坝正常运行一年后,剑潭大坝处叶绿素a显著增加,浮游植物现存量出现一个峰值,这反应了偏高的营养盐含量为浮游植物的生长创造了有利条件。最后作者针对剑潭大坝蓄水后的负面影响,提出了有关防治措施与建议。     

徐州市云龙湖富营养化特征分析与评价

利用相关指标（叶绿素a、总磷、总氮、透明度、浮游植物密度等）分析了徐州市云龙湖水体的富营养化特征，表明磷是藻类代谢的限制性营养盐。采用综合营养状态指数法评价了湖水富营养化程度，结果显示云龙湖水体呈轻度富营养化状态，结合近10年来的评价结果分析了云龙湖水体富营养化的变化趋势。     

Distribution and Significance of Epipsammic Algae in the Coastal Shore (Ibeno Beach) of Qua Iboe River Estuary, Nigeria

The distribution of epipsammic phytoplankton in the coastal shore (Ibeno beach) of Qua Iboe River estuary was studied in the early summer (between October and December) of 1998. The results revealed the presence of Actinoptychus undulatus, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Astasia fustis, Chromulina globosa, Cocconeis pediculus, Cymatopleura solea, Cymbella lanceolata, Euglena intermedia, Lyngbya majusculata, Microcystis sp., Nodularia spumigena, Navicular rhynocephala, Oscillatoria nigroviridis, Pinnularia viridis, Rhoicosphenia curvata, Trachelomonas volvocina and Urceolus cyclostomus in the sandy beach. The mean species density of the epipsammic algae encountered in the beach ranged from 16 to 7600 organisms per hectare. The density, however, decreased with increase in sampling distance from the low tide level. Actinoptychus undulatus was the most abundant and widely distributed phytoplankton while Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was the least encountered species. The occurrence of A. flos-aquae and other toxin producing cyanobacterial species of Lyngbya majusculata, Microcystis sp., N. spumigena and O. nigroviridis in the sandy beach are of serious health significance.     

Interactions of warming and altered nutrient load timing on the phenology of oxygen dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

The effects of nutrient loading on estuaries are well studied, given the multitude of negative water quality and ecosystem effects that have been attributed to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. A current gap in this knowledge involves the sensitivity of seasonal cycles of estuarine biogeochemical processes to direct (warming) and indirect influences (nutrient load timing) of climate change. We used a coupled hydrologic–biogeochemical model to investigate changes in the phenology of hypoxia and related biogeochemical processes in Chesapeake Bay under three different hydrologic regimes. Shifts to earlier nutrient load timing during idealized simulations reduced the overall annual hypoxic volume, resulting from discernable, but relatively small reductions in phytoplankton biomass and both sediment and water-column respiration. Simulated increases in water temperature caused an increase in spring/early summer hypoxic volume associated with elevated respiration rates, but an associated exhaustion of organic matter in the early summer caused a decrease in late summer/fall hypoxic volume due to lowered respiration. Warming effects on hypoxia were larger than nutrient timing effects in scenarios where warming was restricted to spring and when it was applied to all months of the year. These idealized simulations begin the process of understanding the potential impacts of future climatic changes in the seasonal timing of key biogeochemical processes associated with eutrophication.     

釜溪河藻类研究及水体污染藻类学评价

本文报道了1988年8月至1990年5月对釜溪河4个断面调查采集的藻类植物。初步鉴定的藻类植物有176种(含变种),分属于8门,72属。基本弄清了该区段藻类种类组成及数量变化。用污水指示生物,Shannon-weaver指数及Margalef指数评价了水体污染,其结果与理化评价结果基本一致,表明釜溪河除长土断面受到轻污染外,其余断面受到严重污染,发生了不同程度的富营养化。     

Analysis of Phytoplankton Community Structure Using Similarity Indices: A New Methodology for Discriminating Among Eutrophication Levels in Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Nine similarity indices based on phytoplankton community structure were examined for their sensitivity to assess different levels of eutrophication. Two phytoplankton data sets, one from an open coastal system and one from a semi-enclosed gulf, associated with different nutrient dynamics and circulation patterns were used for evaluating the indices. The results have shown that similarity indices, measuring interspecific association and resemblance of phytoplankton communities between enriched areas and control sites, were effective for detecting spatial and temporal dissimilarities in coastal marine ecosystems. The structure of the oligotrophic habitat as a potential source of ambiguity for the results was discussed, whereas the validity ranges and the potential applicability of this method were deemed to be dependent on the size of the fraction of the common species among the samples, and the similarity of the classification patterns resulted from this subcategory and those extracted from the overall community data. Furthermore, the study provides a new technique based on the use of the “Box and Whisker Plot” designed to distinguish opportunistic and rare phytoplanktonic species. The similarity indices, applied solely to the dominant species abundance, were more sensitive to resolve eutrophic, mesotrophic and oligotrophic conditions. This procedure can be proposed as an effective methodology for water characterization and can also be used as a qualitative tracer for detecting renewal processes of coastal marine ecosystems.     

西南地区高尔夫球场人工湖水体富营养化状况及其季节变化——以成都麓山高尔夫球场人工湖为例

为评价西南地区高尔夫球场人工湖的营养状态,并探讨影响球场湖泊富营养化的原因,2010年1月至12月,以成都麓山高尔夫球场为例,对球场的4个球道人工湖(12号球道、13号球道、14号球道和16号球道)水体的水体理化性质进行监测。结果显示:人工湖的富营养化程度呈季节性变化,其在试验期内综合营养状态已达到轻度富营养的状态。水体营养盐主要来自于球场草坪的施肥,氮、磷等营养物质随降水输入人工湖,从而引起的湖泊富营养化,尤其体现在多雨的夏季。     

荧光法快速测定浮游植物以及应用于梅梁湖预警监测可行性探讨

YSI 6600-V2多功能水质自动监测仪采用荧光原理快速测定水体中浮游植物蓝绿藻的密度,梅梁湖夏季水华高发期时,湖体中的浮游植物几乎全部是蓝绿藻。传统的浮游植物监测前处理方面就需要24~48 h,最终要数天后才有镜检结果,导致浮游植物数据滞后,不能很好的应用到预警监测中。通过比对相关性验证,保证荧光法数据的可信度,提高工作效率,为预警监测提供有力的支持。     

Assessing the Effects of Nutrient Management in an Estuary Experiencing Climatic Change: The Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina

Eutrophication is a serious water quality problem in estuaries receiving increasing anthropogenic nutrient loads. Managers undertaking nutrient-reduction strategies aimed at controlling estuarine eutrophication are faced with the challenge that upstream freshwater segments often are phosphorus (P)-limited, whereas more saline downstream segments are nitrogen (N)-limited. Management also must consider climatic (hydrologic) variability, which affects nutrient delivery and processing. The interactive effects of selective nutrient input reductions and climatic perturbations were examined in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE), North Carolina, a shallow estuary with more than a 30-year history of accelerated nutrient loading and water quality decline. The NRE also has experienced a recent increase in Atlantic hurricanes and record flooding, which has affected hydrology and nutrient loadings. The authors examined the water quality consequences of selective nutrient (P but not N) reductions in the 1980s, followed by N reductions in the 1990s and an increase in hurricane frequency since the mid-1990s. Selective P reductions decreased upstream phytoplankton blooms, but increased downstream phytoplankton biomass. Storms modified these trends. In particular, upstream annual N and P concentrations have decreased during the elevated hurricane period. Increased flushing and scouring from storms and flooding appear to have enhanced nutrient retention capabilities of the NRE watershed. From a management perspective, one cannot rely on largely unpredictable changes in storm frequency and intensity to negate anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and eutrophication. To control eutrophication along the hydrologically variable freshwater–marine continuum, N and P reductions should be applied adaptively to reflect point-source–dominated drought and non–point-source–dominated flood conditions.