ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Discussion on Clean Production Evaluation Index System of Natural Gas Purification Plant（1）
ABSTRACT According to the cleaner production requirements and natural gas purification plant characteristics, the paper summarizes 15 quantitative values in 5 categories of production technology and equipment demands, resource and energy utilization index, production index, pollutant generation and emission index and environmental management demands, and 22 qualitative values in 2 categories of cleaner production evaluation index, which forms the cleaner production evaluation index system for gas purification plant. It is used for assessing cleaner production of gas purification plant comprehensively and conducting the audit and management of cleaner production of natural gas purification plant.     

The littoral zone of lake okeechobee as a source of phosphorus after drawdown

Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m² in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P released was four times less (30±14 mg/m²) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from 2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during a drawdown.     

A Brief Introduction to the China Environmental Management College

The China Environmental Management College(CEMC) which is subordinate to theNational Environmental Protection Agency(NEPA) is the only adult college for environ-mental management staff training in China. CEMC is located in Qinhuangdao, a famousseaside city 200 kilometres northeast of Beijing. It covers an area of some 6.4 hectares.With a pleasant environment the college campus looks really inviting.     

German drinking water regulations,pesticides, and axiom of concern

The limit value of 0.1 μg/liter for “substances used in plant treatment and pest control including their main toxic degradation products” (PBSM) established in the German Drinking Water Regulations (Trinkwasserverordnung) serves comprehensively to protect drinking water from unexpected toxicological risks and thus corresponds to theaxiom of concern (Besorgnisgrundsatz) contained in §11,2 of the Federal Communicable Disease Control Act (Bundesseuchengesetz), which is an essential cornerstone of the Drinking Water Regulations. Furthermore, precautionary values that are specific to the particular substance and near the valid limit can be found for about 10% of all registered active substances. The goal of the PBSM Recommendations of the Federal Health Office (BGA) issued in July 1989 is to preserve and restore groundwater and drinking water through measures to be taken by the causal party, while reducing consumer health risks to the greatest extent possible. The EC commission's drawbacks on these recommendations and the imminent EC-wide directive for the uniform registration of pesticides being based solely on Article 43 of the European Treaty would seriously endanger this goal. Therefore, a situation threatens in Europe similar to that in the United States, where at least 18 active ingredients have been detected in groundwater in concentrations of up to 1000 times the toxicologically established limits for drinking water. This article appeared first in the German journal?ffentliches Gesundheitswesen 52(8–9); 372–379, 1990. We thank the editor (Georg Thieme Verlag, D-7000 Stuttgart) for the kind permission to publish this slightly revised English version inEnvironmental Management.     

ABSTRACT

Analysis of Environment Protection and Management for Underground Injection in Foreign and Domestic Oil Field（1）
Yan Lunjiang Chen Changzhao Tang Dan （ C NPC Research Institute of Safety ＆ Environment Technology）
ABSTRACT Underground injection is an important method for oil-exploitation wastewater disposal and there is few laws and regulations about it in China. In this article, the author details the requirements of laws and regulations nationwide in the USA and Canada within the respects of water pollution, underground injection and hazardous solid waste disposal and briefs the environmental management approaches of underground injection in EU and UK. On the basis of the surveys about the laws and regulations about underground injection, the author states briefly that China should formulate related laws and regulations, from the points of environmental pollution prevention and environmental risk control. Some proposals are also put forward for China on establishing laws, regulations and standards about underground injection.
KEY WORDS oil field;underground injection; environmental protection ; laws and regulations     

Regional differences in mercury levels in aquatic ecosystems: A discussion of possible causal factors with implications for the Tennessee river system and the Northern Hemisphere

Concern about mercury pollution from atmospheric deposition has risen markedly in the last decade because of high levels of mercury in freshwater fish from relatively pristine waters. Whereas high concentrations have been found principally in Canada, the northern United States, and Scandinavia, they have also recently been observed throughout much of Florida. Recent surveys of the Tennessee River system, however, have found no locations where fish levels exceed EPA guidelines for fish consumption. This paper evaluates a number of factors that may cause certain regions in the northern hemisphere to experience unacceptable fish mercury levels while other regions do not. Relevant regional differences include: (1) Waters of the Tennessee River system are generally nonacidic (pH>6) and well buffered, whereas 16%, 22%, and 40% of the lakes in upper Midwest, Northeast, and Florida, respectively, have acid-neutralizing capacities below 50 μeq/liter. Acidity correlates highly with fish mercury levels in a number of lake surveys, and experimental manipulations of acidity have significantly raised fish mercury levels. (2) The ratio of land area to water surface area in the Tennessee Valley averages about 30, whereas it is 15 in the upper Midwest and 6 in Florida. Low ratios allow mercury in precipitation to be directly deposited to aquatic bodies, without an opportunity for the mercury to be sequestered by terrestrial ecosystems. (3) Stream organic matter concentrations in Florida, the upper Midwest, and Sweden are 2–10 times those in the Tennessee Valley. Mercury binds strongly to organic matter, and organic matter transport in runoff is a major pathway by which mercury enters aquatic ecosystems.     

Southwestern Resources Corp. （SWG - TSX） LEADING THE WAY IN CHINA AND PERU

Since inception in 1992, Southwestern＇s exploration philosophy has been to focus exploration efforts on areas with world-class potential, and to leverage management＇s knowledge and technical expertise through joint venture agreements with major mining companies. The Company has been able to lead the way in developing highly prospective exploration projects in emerging countries.     

Eco-design and supply chain management a guide for environmental managers,purchasing managers & product designers

1、Introduction Helping suppliers Eco—design is the systematic application of env- ironmental life cycle considerations at the product development and design stage．Closely related to eco-design is supply chain management(SCM)which, in the environmental context,is the incorporation of environmental considerations into purchasing     

英文摘要

Research of the Strategies for Wetland Envi- ronment Protection in Oiifield Production Process〈l） Sun ZhichaoI Zhang Lingkun2 Li Weiz （1. No. 1 Oil Production Plant of Petro China Huabei Oil fled Company; 2. Quality Safety and Environmental Protection Department of Petro China Huabei Oil field Company） ABSTRACT This paper describes the possible impacts on wetland ecological environment caused by oilfield production. By building the environment pollution accident model and analyzing the factors that may affect the ecological balance, the countermeasures of environment protection and clean production were discussed for No. 1 Oil Plant of Hoabei Oilfield. In aspects of daily management, tour inspection, ma- terial reserve, flood control facilities maintenance, emergency plan, the measures were proposed to ensure that the ecological environment would be effectively protected.     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

This article classifies the atmospheric pollution sources according to the distribution of time, space and production conditions and summarizes the characteristics and hazards of all kinds of pollution sources. Through the analysis of environment impacts caused by pollu- tants, prevention measures for air pollutionin different stages of oil- field development are proposed, in an effort to control regional atmos- pheric environmental quality.