ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Discussion on Clean Production Evaluation Index System of Natural Gas Purification Plant（1）
ABSTRACT According to the cleaner production requirements and natural gas purification plant characteristics, the paper summarizes 15 quantitative values in 5 categories of production technology and equipment demands, resource and energy utilization index, production index, pollutant generation and emission index and environmental management demands, and 22 qualitative values in 2 categories of cleaner production evaluation index, which forms the cleaner production evaluation index system for gas purification plant. It is used for assessing cleaner production of gas purification plant comprehensively and conducting the audit and management of cleaner production of natural gas purification plant.     

ABSTRACT

Analysis of Environment Protection and Management for Underground Injection in Foreign and Domestic Oil Field（1）
Yan Lunjiang Chen Changzhao Tang Dan （ C NPC Research Institute of Safety ＆ Environment Technology）
ABSTRACT Underground injection is an important method for oil-exploitation wastewater disposal and there is few laws and regulations about it in China. In this article, the author details the requirements of laws and regulations nationwide in the USA and Canada within the respects of water pollution, underground injection and hazardous solid waste disposal and briefs the environmental management approaches of underground injection in EU and UK. On the basis of the surveys about the laws and regulations about underground injection, the author states briefly that China should formulate related laws and regulations, from the points of environmental pollution prevention and environmental risk control. Some proposals are also put forward for China on establishing laws, regulations and standards about underground injection.
KEY WORDS oil field;underground injection; environmental protection ; laws and regulations     

英文文摘

Application of the Evaluation Criteria of HSE Management System in Oil Field Company（1 Yan Lunjiang, Zhang Laibin,Du Min, Cheng Zonghua （1. China University of Petroleum, Beijing; 2. CNPC Research Institute of Safety ＆ Environment Technology） ABSTRACT With the rapid development of the research on HSE management in international oil industry, CNPC establishes HSE management evaluation criteria in order to conform to international standards. The paper gives an example assessing the HSE management operational quality of an oilfield company named ＂A＂ by the HSE evaluation criteria. The assessment conclusion is compared with international assessment results to discuss the applicability and accuracy of the CNPC＇s HSE management evaluation criteria which makes recommendations for further improvement.     

A Brief Introduction to the China Environmental Management College

The China Environmental Management College(CEMC) which is subordinate to theNational Environmental Protection Agency(NEPA) is the only adult college for environ-mental management staff training in China. CEMC is located in Qinhuangdao, a famousseaside city 200 kilometres northeast of Beijing. It covers an area of some 6.4 hectares.With a pleasant environment the college campus looks really inviting.     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

This article classifies the atmospheric pollution sources according to the distribution of time, space and production conditions and summarizes the characteristics and hazards of all kinds of pollution sources. Through the analysis of environment impacts caused by pollu- tants, prevention measures for air pollutionin different stages of oil- field development are proposed, in an effort to control regional atmos- pheric environmental quality.     

Rock phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic actinomycete isolates of earthworm casts

Four microbial isolates, OP2, OP3, OP6, and OP7, of earthworm casts ofPontoscolex corethrurus were found to be acid tolerant actinomycetes and efficient rock phosphate (RP) solubilizers that could grow fast on NH₄Cl-enriched or N-free carboxymethyl cellulose or glucose as sole carbon source. CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) induced production of extracellular cellulase enzyme and the production of reducing sugar in all the isolates. RP solubilizing power was observed to be inversely related to glucose consumption. The most efficient RP solubilizer was found to consume the least glucose. Growth was faster on cellulose than on glucose media. N-free CMC induced greater glucose production than NH₄Cl-enriched CMC medium. Both CMC and glucose media were acidified by all the isolates, however, RP solubilizing power decreased with acidification. Solubilization power was greatest with isolate OP7, which also produced the greatest amount of reducing sugar per gram CMC. Both RP solubilizing power and the cellulolytic efficiency varied among isolates. A minimum of 631 μg P/0.1 g RP and a maximum of 951.4 μg P/0.1 g RP was recorded.     

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION OF OIL ＆ GAS FIELDS

Evaluation Model and Method of Low Carbon Level of China＇s Oil and Gas Enterprises
ABSTRACT Basing on systematic ideology and process approach, this paper selected the ＂oil and gas extraction＂ and ＂petroleum refi ning＂ as two typical processes, considering about source adjustment, process control, emission utilization and comprehensive promoting systematically to establish a five factor system model named low-car- bon development in petroleum industry. Then the paper analyzed the factors using Life Cycle Analysis model and Driving Forces State Re sponse model in macro and micro levels respectively.     

Greenhouse Gas Inventory Progress of Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries（ 1）

Petroleumand petrochemical producers are high energy- consuming enterprises and also are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Greenhouse gas emissionstatistics, calculation and monito- ring can provide the basic information for participation in carbon trading, promote the sustainable development and achieve emission reduction tar- gets. High awareness of domestic and international greenhouse gas accounting standards weredescribed inthis paper, and petroleum and petrochemical indus- try inventory standardsissued and implemented were summarized and com- pared. On this basis, suggestions and measures such as improving greenhouse gas inventory standards, strengthening the verification of greenhouse gas e- missions and the establishment of greenhouse gas statistical and management systems were proposedforpetroleum and petrochemical industries     

The littoral zone of lake okeechobee as a source of phosphorus after drawdown

Following a period of prolonged drought or intentional lake level drawdown, large littoral areas that once contained submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) are reinundated when lake levels rise. A complete assessment of the contribution made by decomposing SAV to the in-lake phosphorus (P) concentration is important in both the management of Lake Okeechobee and understanding basic P processes. The P contribution to the open waters of Lake Okeechobee from a rapid inundation of exposed SAV was calculated by four methods: cores of field-desiccated SAV, cores of lab-desiccated SAV in the presence and absence of sediments, in situ decomposition, and sequential macrophyte harvesting. P releases, given such an episodic event, were similar among the four methods, ranging from 116±48 to 384±528 mg/m² in the absence of sediment. When SAV is in contact with sediment, which is the realistic field situation, the amount of P released was four times less (30±14 mg/m²) than in the absence of sediment. The calculated P releases would result in total P concentration increases in the lake from 2 to 15 μg/liter (upper 95% CI=2–25 μg/liter) in the absence of sediment; only 1 μg/liter increase was predicted when SAV released P in contact with sediment. Thus it is unlikely that a significant rise in total P concentrations in the limnetic zone of the lake would occur from the export of P released during the desiccation of SAV in the littoral-marsh zone during a drawdown.     

German drinking water regulations,pesticides, and axiom of concern

The limit value of 0.1 μg/liter for “substances used in plant treatment and pest control including their main toxic degradation products” (PBSM) established in the German Drinking Water Regulations (Trinkwasserverordnung) serves comprehensively to protect drinking water from unexpected toxicological risks and thus corresponds to theaxiom of concern (Besorgnisgrundsatz) contained in §11,2 of the Federal Communicable Disease Control Act (Bundesseuchengesetz), which is an essential cornerstone of the Drinking Water Regulations. Furthermore, precautionary values that are specific to the particular substance and near the valid limit can be found for about 10% of all registered active substances. The goal of the PBSM Recommendations of the Federal Health Office (BGA) issued in July 1989 is to preserve and restore groundwater and drinking water through measures to be taken by the causal party, while reducing consumer health risks to the greatest extent possible. The EC commission's drawbacks on these recommendations and the imminent EC-wide directive for the uniform registration of pesticides being based solely on Article 43 of the European Treaty would seriously endanger this goal. Therefore, a situation threatens in Europe similar to that in the United States, where at least 18 active ingredients have been detected in groundwater in concentrations of up to 1000 times the toxicologically established limits for drinking water. This article appeared first in the German journal?ffentliches Gesundheitswesen 52(8–9); 372–379, 1990. We thank the editor (Georg Thieme Verlag, D-7000 Stuttgart) for the kind permission to publish this slightly revised English version inEnvironmental Management.     

Regional differences in mercury levels in aquatic ecosystems: A discussion of possible causal factors with implications for the Tennessee river system and the Northern Hemisphere

Concern about mercury pollution from atmospheric deposition has risen markedly in the last decade because of high levels of mercury in freshwater fish from relatively pristine waters. Whereas high concentrations have been found principally in Canada, the northern United States, and Scandinavia, they have also recently been observed throughout much of Florida. Recent surveys of the Tennessee River system, however, have found no locations where fish levels exceed EPA guidelines for fish consumption. This paper evaluates a number of factors that may cause certain regions in the northern hemisphere to experience unacceptable fish mercury levels while other regions do not. Relevant regional differences include: (1) Waters of the Tennessee River system are generally nonacidic (pH>6) and well buffered, whereas 16%, 22%, and 40% of the lakes in upper Midwest, Northeast, and Florida, respectively, have acid-neutralizing capacities below 50 μeq/liter. Acidity correlates highly with fish mercury levels in a number of lake surveys, and experimental manipulations of acidity have significantly raised fish mercury levels. (2) The ratio of land area to water surface area in the Tennessee Valley averages about 30, whereas it is 15 in the upper Midwest and 6 in Florida. Low ratios allow mercury in precipitation to be directly deposited to aquatic bodies, without an opportunity for the mercury to be sequestered by terrestrial ecosystems. (3) Stream organic matter concentrations in Florida, the upper Midwest, and Sweden are 2–10 times those in the Tennessee Valley. Mercury binds strongly to organic matter, and organic matter transport in runoff is a major pathway by which mercury enters aquatic ecosystems.     

Preannouncement & Call for Paper The 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagneties (CEEM'2015/Hangzhou) Nov.4-7.2015 Hangzhou,China

正Welcome Welcome all friends from home and abroad to attend the 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics(CEEM)to be held in Hangzhou,China at Nov 4-7,2015.The 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th and 6th Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics were held in 1996,2000,2003,2006,20092012,respectively.All these conferences are very successful and the conference proceedings in recent years are all     

太阳能复合膜处理污泥技术

<正>适用范围Application scope城镇污水处理厂污泥、工业园区污泥及工矿企业污泥处理Dispose sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants,industrial zones,industrial and mining enterprises主要功能Main functions1.节能环保,利用太阳能热能,基本无运行费用;Take advantage of solar thermal power to save energy and protect environment,basically with no operation cost.     

生态系统服务价值非货币量核算:理论框架与方法学

1997年两个开创性的著作,即Gretchen Daily主编的Nature’s Services:Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems一书及同年Robert Costanza在Nature上发表的The Value of the World’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital,引发了关于生态资本和生态系统服务、政策等研究的热潮。中国近几年来也将生态文明建设提到了前所未有的高度,并提出了一系列以生态系统服务价值核算为前提的制度和措施。基于此,本研究首先综述了现有生态系统服务分类体系及其存在的不足,剖析了现有核算生态系统服务价值的两类方法,即货币量方法和非货币量方法的核心差异点与可能的融合点,构建了基于能值分析方法和融合货币量核算方法的非货币量生态系统服务功能的新的核算框架,包括:(1)重新分类了生态系统服务价值,即直接价值(增加NPP、固碳释氧、增加土壤、补给地下水/涵养水源、提供水源水电和农产品等)、间接价值(净化大气、水、土壤、人畜排泄物和减少水土流失/侵蚀等)和存在价值(调节气候、调蓄水量、调节径流、旅游休闲、文化教育、维持生物多样性等)三大类;(2)确立了各类生态系统服务价值的核算方法体系;(3)厘清了核算中的加和原则等,以避免重复计算。该理论和方法学是解决现有生态系统服务价值核算方法不足的尝试和完整的方法论构建。