On Index System and Quantitative Assessment of Eco-cities： A Case Study on Urban Agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta

Urban agglomeration of the Yangtze Delta （UAYD）, one of the most developed regions of China, has witnessed an increasing prevalence in building ecological cities when the ecological cities are pursued by many modem cities, and great achievements have been made in this regard. It is inevitable, however, that certain problems exist during the construction of ecological city, which include but not limited to non-harmonious development of urban complex ecosystem, and the difficulty in quantifying eco-city construction or incomplete quantification in assessing the construction of present and future eco-city. Based on the analysis on social-economic conditions and regional conditions of the UAYD, this paper attempts to set up an index system of eco-cities combining with local characteristics, and to adopt the indices of eco-city, urban harmony, and eco-city colligate to evaluate the ecological level, urban harmonious development and eco-city construction of cities within the UAYD. Results indicate that among 15 cities in UAYD, Suzhou City ranks the highest in terms of eco-city construction, whereas Nantong ranks relatively lower; sustainable eco-city construction is possible only when cities are developed in every respect of harmony.     

新疆南天山景汗花岗质岩体年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

位于新疆南天山和硕县北部的景汗花岗质岩体,为研究南天山造山带构造演化提供了重要信息。岩体岩性以二长花岗岩为主,石英二长闪长岩和二云母花岗岩次之。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,岩体成岩年龄为(311.3±4.4) Ma～(297.2±4.2) Ma,属晚石炭世岩浆活动的产物。岩体SiO_2含量为54.20%～74.22%,全碱(ALK)为5.12%～9.25%,具有高钾钙碱性系列岩石的特征。A/CNK值为0.77～1.07,属于准铝质-弱过铝质花岗岩类。∑REE为(44～288)×10~(-6),(La/Yb)_N值为1.83～44.75,表明轻稀土元素富集较为明显。δEu值为0.54～0.93,整体表现为弱亏损特征。花岗质岩浆可能是地壳的部分熔融的产物,并与幔源基性岩浆发生过混合作用。该岩体形成于塔里木板块与伊犁—哈萨克斯坦板块碰撞造山作用晚期阶段,属于碰撞-后碰撞构造环境,南天山晚古生代残余海盆在晚石炭世最终闭合。     

Detecting forest landcape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen eoniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

Boundaries between different forest types in Changbai Mountain Eatern China are results from complex interactions between forest ecosystems,topogrphy,and geomorphology.Detecting and quantifying the transitional zones are highly important since high environmental beterogeneity and biodiversity are ofter found within these zpmes.In this study,we used GIS and multivariate statistics techniques(PCA and MSWA) to analyze data from Landsat TM satellite imageries and quantitatively determined the positions and widths of the landscape boundary betweeen mountain birch and evergreen coniferous forests in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain.The results showed that the widths of the landscape boundary ranges from 30-50 m while using the MWW A or/and PC method.Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggest a 50m tranistional zone width.The results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries.MSWA is more reliable than PCA,while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.     

天山云杉天然林分土壤呼吸速率的时空变化规律分析

天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var.tianschanica(Rupr.)Chen et Fu)是构成天山山地森林生态系统的主体。在天山中部,从天山云杉在此区域分布的底线开始,结合天山云杉自然分布特征,沿每隔约100m的海拔梯度选择典型地段设置样地。根据远红外气体分析原理,采用LI-6400-09土壤呼吸室和LI-6400便携式光合作用测量系统,于2006年6-9月,测定了天山云杉天然林分在生长季内土壤呼吸速率随海拔高度和时间的变化规律。在空间上,林分的土壤呼吸速率并非随海拔高度呈线性增加或减少的关系,而是有规律的波动,在海拔1950～2110m之间,土壤呼吸速率是随着海拔高度的增加而降低,在2110～2428m之间是随着海拔高度的增加而升高,在海拔2428m处达到最大的呼吸速率值后又降低。不同海拔高度林分的土壤呼吸速率主要受土壤表面空气相对湿度及土壤温度的影响。在时间上,林分的土壤呼吸速率在生长季内随不同月份的变化为单峰曲线,其最大值出现在7月份;生长季内土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度呈显著负相关,与土壤表面空气相对湿度呈极显著正相关。而林分土壤呼吸速率的日变化在各时间点上的大小排序为7月>6月>8月>9月。它的变化与土壤温度具有极显著的正相关性,与土壤表面空气相对湿度具有显著的负相关性。     

阿旗地震局为天山镇城市总体规划献计献策

内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗天山镇，是旗委旗政府所在地，是一座独具魅力，典型的草原小城。为了加快天山镇城市建设步伐，提高城市品味，阿旗委政府召开天山镇城市总体规划编制工作会议，阿旗地震局作为成员单位主动对接，就天山镇所面临的地震危险性和地震地质构造分布，结合总体规划中关于抗震设防的要求积极建言献策，依法保障天山镇城市规划的地震安全。     

中国天山雪崩危险区划及其时空动态

雪崩危险评估是雪崩风险管理的基础，是雪崩防治、土地利用规划和道路选线等工程设计必不可少的环节。对雪崩危险系统分析和评估并编制雪崩危险图集将有助于高寒山区交通规划管理、土地资源利用和矿山建设规划，是高寒山区资源开发和区域发展的基本科学依据。构建雪崩危险评估体系，通过层次分析法将地形和雪深等参数在地理信息系统中整合识别雪崩危险区，评估天山雪崩危险性，在此基础上分析雪崩危险时空格局变化。结果表明：1)无危险区、低危险区、中危险区、高危险区和极高危险区占比69.38%、16.33%、6.5%、1.39%和6.4%; 2)整体上雪崩危险在雪季中呈现出单一峰值模式，雪崩危害程度从11月份开始增加，在2月份达到峰值，然后下降，1—2月份随着积雪深度增加，斜坡上的积雪在重力作用下使其稳定性低，导致2月份雪崩频发，高雪崩破坏和释放频率，使2月份成为雪崩危害最严重的时期。因此，应在2月份加强对雪崩的预防和管理，早期发出警告，将雪崩危险的影响程度降到最低，以防止灾难性后果的发生。     

Characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China

To understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric particles and heavy metals in winter in Chang-Zhu-Tan city clusters, China, total suspended particulate(TSP) and PM10samples were collected in cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan from December 2011 to January 2012, and heavy metals of Cd, Pb, Cr, and As were analyzed. It shows that the average TSP concentration in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan were(183 ± 73),(201 ± 84) and(190 ± 66) μg/m3respectively, and the average PM10 were(171 ± 82),(178 ± 65) and(179 ± 55) μg/m3respectively. The lowest TSP and PM10concentrations occurred at the background Shaping site of Changsha. The average ratio of ρ(PM10)/ρ(TSP) was 91.9%, ranging from 81.3% to 98.9%. Concerning heavy metals, in TSP samples, the concentration of Cr, As, Cd and Pb were 28.8–56.5, 18.1–76.3, 3.9–26.1 and 148.0–460.9 ng/m3, respectively, while in PM10samples, were 16.4–42.1, 15.5–67.9, 3.3–22.2 and 127.9–389.3 ng/m3, respectively. The enrichment factor of Cd was the highest, followed by Pb and As, while that of Cr was the lowest.     

长三角城市群工业生态效率空间溢出效应及其影响因素

工业生态效率能够反映经济发展、环境保护和资源节约之间的平衡关系,探究工业生态效率对于转变工业发展方式,实现可持续发展具有重要意义。该文测算长三角城市群工业生态效率,并对其时空演变、区域差异、溢出效应及影响因素的空间效应进行探索。研究发现：长三角城市群工业生态效率均值不断上升,绝对差异增加,而相对差异变化不大;具有正的空间相关性,在空间分布上具有一定的集聚性;呈现出“东高西低”的空间特征,具有显著的高-高和低-低集聚的空间俱乐部分布特征;在工业生态效率类型转移过程中存在着趋同的趋势,并且具有显著的空间溢出效应;科技投入和经济发展对本地工业生态效率的提升起显著的推动作用,而工业结构不利于本地工业生态效率的改善;本地城镇化的提升不利于邻近其它城市工业生态效率的提升;而本地科技投入和经济发展有利于邻近其它城市工业生态效率的提升。加强城市之间合作对提升工业生态效率具有重要影响。