气相色谱法测定饮水中1,2,3-三氯苯的方法研究

建立了液液萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水1,2,3-三氯苯的方法。根据测定研究,得出其方法检出限为0.05ug/L,建立的曲线回归系数高于0.995,回收率在91.17%-106.25%之间,符合要求。     

1,2,4-三氯苯对铜钱草染毒的毒性响应及其机理

以水培铜钱草为材料,研究1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)染毒引起植株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白含量等生理指标的毒性响应,并从叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量及各种抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD))的改变探讨了1,2,4-TCB的毒性作用机理.结果表明,1,2,4-TCB(5、10 mg.L-1)处理后,铜钱草叶片各种生理代谢指标与1,2,4-TCB处理之间呈现一定浓度-效应和时间-效应关系,但与对照组间无显著的统计学差异.叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b和可溶性蛋白均随着1,2,4-TCB处理时间延长先升高后降低;MDA含量随处理时间延长先升高后降低,随浓度增加而增加;SOD和POD活性随处理时间和浓度增加先升高后降低;CAT活性变化不明显.在10 mg.L-11,2,4-TCB处理4—6 d时,各种抗氧化酶活性均达到最大.高浓度1,2,4-TCB(15、20 mg.L-1)处理铜钱草的抗氧化酶活性与对照组相比,均显著降低,且各处理组间也呈现统计学差异.     

PASP、PAA与PBTCA阻垢性能的对比实验研究

采用静态阻垢法研究了聚天冬氨酸(PASP)、聚丙烯酸(PAA)和2-膦酸基丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)对碳酸钙和硫酸钙的阻垢性能,并用旋转挂片法研究了3种阻垢剂作用下湿法石灰脱硫浆液系统的结垢规律.研究发现:随着阻垢剂浓度的增加,3种阻垢剂都表现出溶限效应;相同实验条件下,3种阻垢剂对碳酸钙的静态阻垢性能表现为PBTCA>PAA>PASP;对中性和碱性环境,pH对阻垢剂阻硫酸钙垢的性能影响较小;随着温度的升高和反应时间的延长,3种阻垢剂阻硫酸钙的阻垢率先增大后减小;对湿法石灰脱硫浆液系统,3种阻垢剂作用下,单位面积挂片上的结垢量均是随着阻垢剂质量浓度的增大先增大后减小,在浓度达到30mg/L时,挂片上的结垢量都很小.     

A proteomic analysis of rice seedlings responding to 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene stress

The proteomic analysis of rice （Oryza sativa L.） roots and leaves responding tol,2,4-trichlorobenzene （TCB） stress was carded out by two dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometric （MS）, and protein database analysis. The results showed that 5 mg/L TCB stress had a significant effect on global proteome in rice roots and leaves. The analysis of the category and function of TCB stress inducible proteins showed that different kinds of responses were produced in rice roots and leaves, when rice seedlings were exposed to 5 mg/L TCB stress. Most responses are essential for rice defending the damage of TCB stress. These responses include detoxication of toxic substances, expression of pathogenesis-related proteins, synthesis of cell wall substances and secondary compounds, regulation of protein and amino acid metabolism, activation of methionine salvage pathway, and also include osmotic regulation and phytohormone metabolism. Comparing the TCB stress inducible proteins between the two cultivars, the β-glucosidase and pathogenesis-related protein family 10 proteins were particularly induced by TCB stress in the roots of rice cultivar （Oryza sativa L.） Aizaizhan, and the glutathione S-transferase and aci-reductone dioxygenase 4 were induced in the roots of rice cultivar Shanyou 63. This may be one of the important mechanisms for Shanyou 63 having higher tolerance to TCB stress than Aizaizhan.     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

PBTCA稳定零价纳米铁的制备及其去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)

以2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4三羧酸(PBTCA)为稳定剂,通过FeCl3.6H2O与NaBH4反应,利用液相还原法制备稳定纳米级零价铁颗粒(P-NZVI),并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)进行表征,颗粒平均粒径为73 nm。考察了Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始浓度、pH、NZVI投加量、温度等条件对Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的影响,并与同等条件下不加稳定剂制备的纳米铁(N-NZVI)进行对比。结果表明:Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率随温度和纳米铁投加量增加而升高,随pH和Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始浓度升高而降低。在相同实验条件下,P-NZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果明显优于N-NZVI,表明改性后纳米铁在地表水原位修复领域具有较好的应用前景。     

3种典型有机污染物对2种水生生物的急性毒性及安全评价

在实验室条件下研究了1,2,4-三氯苯(1,2,4-TCB)、硝基苯和毒死蜱这3种典型有机污染物对我国两种本土淡水水生生物霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)的急性毒性效应,并进行生物安全性评价.结果表明,随污染物浓度增加和时间的延长,3种污染物的毒性均明显增强,两种水生生物的死亡率上升,呈明显剂量-效应关系.1,2,4-TCB、硝基苯和毒死蜱对霍甫水丝蚓的96 h半致死效应浓度(96 h-LC50)分别为71.88、285.76和5.50 mg·L-1,对四膜虫的96 h-EC50分别为15.58、140.22和14.69 mg·L-1.3种典型污染物的毒性评估结果表明,1,2,4-TCB对霍甫水丝蚓表现为中等毒性,硝基苯为低等毒性,而毒死蜱则表现为高等毒性;3种污染物对嗜热四膜虫的毒性顺序依次为:1,2,4-三氯苯毒死蜱硝基苯.研究结果将为开展水生态风险评估,制定和完善我国水质基准提供本土数据支持.     

1,2,4-三氯苯对蚯蚓生长和表皮及肠道超微结构的影响

通过自然土壤法对蚯蚓进行1,2,4-TCB急性暴露实验,研究了不同剂量的1,2,4-TCB对蚯蚓存亡、生长和表皮及肠道粘膜上皮细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明:1,2,4-TCB对蚯蚓14d半致死浓度为890.295mg·L-1;暴露剂量和培养时间均对蚯蚓生长抑制率产生正相关显著影响,但交互作用不显著;暴露于50mg·kg-11,2,4-TCB时,蚯蚓表皮分泌细胞增多,角质层增厚或上角质层损伤,肠道粘膜上皮细胞凹陷形成一定的溃疡面或呈撕裂分散状,第14天时,上角质层和肠道粘膜上皮细胞损伤均有所恢复;当暴露浓度为400mg·kg-1时,蚯蚓的角质层明显增厚,表皮出现大量的分泌细胞,肠上皮组织呈一定程度的撕裂并少量脱落,第14天时角质层变薄,分泌细胞减少,上角质层破损加剧,肠上皮细胞撕裂严重并持续脱落。第14天电镜观察显示:暴露浓度为50mg·kg-1时,肠上皮细胞线粒体嵴不清晰或断裂,结构模糊;暴露浓度为400mg·L-1时,部分线粒体空泡化或内部有絮状沉淀,嵴变短甚至消失。     

nano-TiO_2与1,2,4-TCB联合作用对斑马鱼鳃组织结构及染色体损伤研究

采用组织病理切片法、微核及彗星试验研究nano-TiO_2和1,2,4-TCB联合染毒对斑马鱼鳃组织结构、细胞微核率及DNA损伤的毒性效应。结果表明,单独nano-TiO_2暴露不会导致斑马鱼鳃组织结构损伤,也不会引起明显的微核及染色体损伤。1,2,4-TCB(≥10 mg·L~(-1))会引起鳃组织和细胞染色体的损伤。nano-TiO_2与1,2,4-TCB联合作用会加重斑马鱼的鳃组织结构损伤,出现鳃小片排列严重紊乱,表皮细胞断失严重,鳃小片上皮细胞坏死脱落,鳃丝结构模糊等症状。两者联合作用会引起鳃细胞微核率增加和彗星细胞率的增加,呈现一定的剂量-效应关系,且两者间的联合作用具有协同作用。对彗星试验的尾部DNA百分比、尾长及尾距的分析发现,与对照组和单独作用相比,两者联合作用对彗星指标均有显著增强作用,这表明两者联合作用对染色体的损伤属于非特定片段损伤。     

碳纳米管负载TiO2对1,2,4-三氯苯的光降解研究

碳纳米管负载TiO2复合光催化剂与纳米TiO2光催化剂对1,2,4-三氯苯的光催化降解效果,及降解动力学的研究结果表明,复合光催化剂比纳米TiO2有更好的光催化降解效果,经254 nm紫外光辐照60 min后,使用复合光催化剂的1,2,4-三氯苯降解了70%,而使用纳米TiO2为催化剂的1,2,4-三氯苯仅降解了51%...