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Liqun Lv Yunshan Ge Zhe Ji Jianwei Tan Xin Wang Lijun Hao Zhiwei Wang Mengzhu Zhang Chunjie Wang Haidan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(2):155-164
On-road driving emissions of six liquefied natural gas(LNG) and diesel semi-trailer towing vehicles(STTVs) which met China Emission Standard IV and V were tested using Portable Emission Measurement System(PEMS) in northern China.Emission characteristics of these vehicles under real driving conditions were analyzed and proved that on-road emissions of heavy-duty vehicles(HDVs) were underestimated in the past.There were large differences among LNG and diesel vehicles, which also existed between China V vehicles and China IV vehicles.Emission factors showed the highest level under real driving conditions, which probably be caused by frequent acceleration, deceleration, and start-stop.NOx emission factors ranged from 2.855 to 20.939 g/km based on distance-traveled and 6.719–90.557 g/kg based on fuel consumption during whole tests, which were much higher than previous researches on chassis dynamometer.It was inferred from tests that the fuel consumption rate of the test vehicles had a strong correlation with NOx emission, and the exhaust temperature also affected the efficiency of Selected Catalytic Reduction(SCR) aftertreatment system, thus changing the NOx emission greatly.THC emission factors of LNG vehicles were 2.012–10.636 g/km, which were much higher than that of diesel vehicles(0.029–0.185 g/km).Unburned CH_4 may be an important reason for this phenomenon.Further on-road emission tests, especially CH_4 emission test should be carried out in subsequent research.In addition, the Particulate Number(PN) emission factors of diesel vehicles were at a very high level during whole tests, and Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)should be installed to reduce PN emission. 相似文献
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Hong Zhao Yunshan Ge Tiezhu Zhang Jipeng Zhang Jianwei Tan Hongxin Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(10):2027-2033
The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound(VOC), carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle(ESC) to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter(FBC–DPF). An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity(SR) with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent(BaPeq) with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions. 相似文献
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基于唐山市机动车定期环保检测数据获取不同类型车辆的本地年均行驶里程,建立城区内典型车辆的"里程-注册年"特征曲线.采用车载排放测试法获取唐山市典型国Ⅵ阶段轻重型汽车实际道路排放因子.利用COPERT模型进行机动车排放因子本地化修正,建立涵盖不同排放阶段和燃料动力类型的唐山市机动车排放清单,结合唐山市路网信息,建立基于ArcGIS的3km×3km高时空分辨率网格化排放清单,并分析了国三及以下中重型柴油车(简称高排放车)不同淘汰与DPF排放治理比例情景下机动车减排与投入成本效益.研究表明,2020年机动车CO,HC,NOx,PM2.5,PM10年排放量分别为92403.51,10034.53,70568.35,2036.51,2160.65t,其中:NOx,PM2.5和PM10排放主要来源于柴油车,分担率分别为92%,89%和89%;CO和HC排放主要来自汽油车,分担率分别为71%和73%.唐山市实施二环内国Ⅳ及以下柴油货车限行区政策后,二环内CO和HC年排放量削减率分别为22.41%和21.68%;而NOx,PM10和PM2.5污染物排放强度显著降低,年排放量削减率分别为78.60%,84.85%和84.79%.在高排放车淘汰与治理情景下,随着高排放车淘汰比例的增长,投入成本和NOx年均减排量呈线性上升趋势,且NOx减排效果更加显著,而PM减排辆略呈下降趋势.高排放车淘汰率每增长10%,NOx年均减排量增加892.41t,PM年均减排量减少7.56t,年投入成本增加1.13亿元. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTA diesel particulate filter (DPF) can effectively reduce the exhaust emissions of particulate matter (PM) and meet emission regulations. We report herein an experimental-numerical study to investigate the soot capture and regeneration behavior in a commonly used DPF. Simulations are performed using the AVL FIRE software that considers a fairly detailed DPF model. The model is validated using measured pressure drop history during soot capture, and temperature history during regeneration from a parallel experimental study using a diesel engine equipped with a DPF. Then, a detailed numerical study is performed to examine the soot capture and heat regeneration processes, and characterize the effects of various parameters on these processes and on DPF performance. Results indicate that the pressure drop during soot loading can be reduced by increasing the CPSI (channels per square inch), minimizing the amount of residual soot in each regeneration cycle, and using moderate gas flow rates. The DPF regeneration performance is characterized in terms of the rates of temperature rise and soot oxidation. Results indicate that these rates are enhanced, as the oxygen content in the exhaust stream is increased to about 12%, the rate of thermal heating is moderately increased, and as the exhaust gas flow rate is increased. Thus, the regeneration efficiency can be significantly improving by optimizing these parameters. 相似文献
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国六柴油机DPF再生时VOCs排放特性 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
颗粒物捕集器(DPF)是柴油机满足国六排放标准的必备装置之一.经台架实验证明,氧化型催化转化器(DOC)辅助DPF再生过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放会大幅度升高,而2014年制定的《道路机动车大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南》并未考虑到DPF再生过程对VOCs排放的影响.通过台架实验,采集国六柴油机DPF再生过程的尾气,并用气相色谱质谱技术对尾气中的VOCs进行定量分析.结果表明,国六柴油机DPF再生过程中VOCs排放有显著增加,DPF再生阶段排放的VOCs总量是不再生时的4倍,增排量为2 419. 6μg·m~(-3),且DPF再生所排放的VOCs中,烷烃的含量最高,其次为芳香烃、醛酮和烯烃,分别占总排放VOCs的42. 5%、29. 7%、24. 9%和2. 9%;用臭氧和二次有机气凝胶生成潜势对增排VOCs的大气活性进行评价,发现DPF再生过程中增排的VOCs对环境的影响显著,由增排的VOCs所生成的臭氧和二次有机气溶胶分别为4 272. 8μg·m~(-3)和9. 0μg·m~(-3),其中芳香烃和烷烃对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势的贡献率相对较高.因此,在计算柴油车VOCs排放因子时,应考虑DPF再生的影响;且该国六柴油机DPF再生时的VOCs排放因子为1. 03 mg·(k W·h)~(-1),可为制定国六标准柴油车VOCs排放因子提供参考. 相似文献
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近年来,SiC材料作为一种新型的柴油车尾气颗粒物过滤材料获得了迅速发展,正逐步取代目前广泛应用的堇青石多孔陶瓷材料.结合堇青石和SiC过滤材料的性能特点,重点概述了2种SiC改性过滤材料(重结晶SiC.RSiC和硅结合SiC,Si-SiC)的研究和应用进展,并介绍了SiC颗粒物过滤器的市场现状和发展前景. 相似文献
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