雷州半岛胀缩土地裂缝及其成因机理

本文简述了雷州半岛胀缩土地裂缝的特征及分布发育规律；分析了胀缩土地裂缝的成因。认为雷州半岛胀缩土地裂缝的形成发育是胀缩土以及气候、植被、地形地貌、水文地质作用等因素综合作用的结果。其中胀缩土含大量的亲水矿物和失水产生向心收缩的特性从而成为地裂缝成生发展的内因。而特定的气候、植被、地形地貌、水文地质作用等外部环境条件则是导致胀缩土失水和发展形成地裂缝的重要外因。桉树是一种吸水-蒸腾能力极强的树种，树根的干燥作用是导致了林区土体干燥-收缩和形成收缩应力场及在林地边缘产生地下暗裂缝的关键因子，而极端的干旱气候环境和久旱后第一场大暴雨则是暗裂牵动式胀缩土地裂缝发育形成不可或缺的因素。胀缩土地裂缝灾害应重在预防，有关的策略包括防水保湿、科学植树、建筑设计和地基处理、科学选址。     

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTHERN ANDES AND ANTARCTIC PENINSULA A REVIEW, NEW PROGRESS AND PROSPECT

The comparative research of southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula is a key to explain the break-up of Gondwanaland. "Cuspate" , "Arcuate", "Continuing". "Overlapping" and "Modified Gulf of California" model illustrated, to some extent, southern Andes-Antarctic Peninsula relations. However, those models did not discuss the dynamic mechanism and specific evolution process of the two Plates' divergence. "Wedge" model, on the bases of eight geological evidences including tectono-stratigraphic unit, strike-slip fault system, carthquake, igneous activity and so on, not only discussed southern Andes-Antarctic Peninsula relations and its evolution process, but also presented an argument that Scotia minor-plate, which once acted as one part of Pacific Plate wedged in between the two Plates and gave rise to the break-up of Gondwanaland-The argument represents the the latest achievement made in geological research there. On the whole, all models mentioned-above are, more or less, of one-sided view. Where the dynam     

山东半岛城市群人居环境质量综合评价

随着中国城市化的高速发展,"城市病"问题日益突出,城市群作为统筹区域协调发展、建设宜居人居环境的重点地区,其人居环境发展状况备受关注。基于此,本文以山东半岛城市群为例,从人文环境、经济环境、社会环境和生态环境4个方面构建人居环境质量综合评价指标体系,利用人居环境质量计算模型和系统协调度模型,对其人居环境质量进行静态定量化评价和动态综合性评价。研究表明:(1)山东半岛城市群人居环境质量与社会环境的关联性最大,经济实力、基础设施水平时空发展不均衡、地域差异大,是制约山东半岛城市群人居环境发展的突出问题。(2)2000—2014年山东半岛城市群人居环境综合水平呈现良好的上升趋势,且增速较稳,增幅较小;各要素间的协调性均达到了中级协调等级;系统层的评价值除人文环境外,均呈现不同程度的波动式上升态势;领域层的评价值差异明显,发展不均衡。(3)城市群内部各城市人居环境综合质量水平逐步提高,且排名相对稳定;各要素间的协调度等级差异较小,但起伏变化较大;人居环境质量时空分异特征明显,呈现东西高、中间低的格局,内部级别差异显著,可分为较好、一般、较差、差4个等级。在今后的发展中,应针对山东半岛不同城市人居环境问题采取因时因地制宜的协调对策,创造整体最优人居环境。不仅要提高城市群的整体经济水平,提升城市群的短板建设,推动人居环境协调发展,还要符合新常态下城市发展与建设的要求,加快山东半岛城市群的区域创新体系构建,科学引领产业转型升级,优化产业结构,加强山东半岛城市规划研究与实施力度,探索"多规合一"模式。     

山东半岛典型海湾中烷基酚及双酚A的分布特征

烷基酚和双酚A是环境中最常见的内分泌干扰物。本研究对烟台四十里湾和套子湾以及青岛胶州湾表层海水中的壬/辛基酚(NP/OP)、壬/辛基酚单聚氧乙烯醚(NP1EO/OP1EO)以及双酚A(BPA)的浓度水平进行分析,结果显示:NP和NP1EO是最主要的污染物,河口和港口是海湾中污染物浓度最高的区域。总体而言,四十里湾中各污染物的浓度最高,其次为胶州湾,套子湾最低,与国内其他海湾区域相比,污染状况处于中等水平。相对于2005年,胶州湾水体中的烷基酚浓度明显降低。文章同时分析了几个湾的主要入海河流河水样品以及烟台污水处理厂出厂水样,发现污水处理厂出水是烟台四十里湾烷基酚的主要来源。在三个海湾中,烷基酚的分布主要受河流输入、生活污水排放和港口经济活动影响,同时,洋流和潮汐的稀释作用对污染物分布有明显影响。     

山东半岛城市群地区空间极化及其影响因素研究

以县（市）作为研究单元，采用综合指数法，分别计算山东半岛城市群1986、2008年经济社会发展综合指数，通过比较各单元经济社会发展综合指数的变化，研究了20世纪80年代以来山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的特点；采用面板数据模型，定量探讨了山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的影响因素。研究表明：山东半岛城市群地区经济活动有明显的经济中心指向、沿海指向，空间发展依然以极化为主，新的发展极已经出现，但分布在区域的边缘地带，带动作用不大；大都市区整体规模加剧膨胀，核心和外围地区出现极化和反极化现象；东部地区出现网络化发展的雏形。原有经济基础、产业结构转换能力和经济全球化水平是改革开放以来山东半岛城市群地区空间极化的主要影响因素     

山东半岛蓝色经济区海洋生态旅游发展研究

发展海洋生态旅游是实现山东半岛蓝色经济区战略的重要途径之一。在SWOT分析的基础上，指出在山东半岛蓝色经济区发展海洋生态旅游必须明确其动力机制，坚持统筹发展战略，从生态保护、社区参与、区域统筹和产业协同四个方面采取具体的对策。     

Use of Descriptors of Ecosystem Functioning for Monitoring a National Park Network: A Remote Sensing Approach

Baseline assessments and monitoring of protected areas are essential for making management decisions, evaluating the effectiveness of management practices, and tracking the effects of global changes. For these purposes, the analysis of functional attributes of ecosystems (i.e., different aspects of the exchange of matter and energy) has advantages over the traditional use of structural attributes, like a quicker response to disturbances and the fact that they are easily monitored through remote sensing. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of different aspects of the ecosystem functioning of the Spanish national parks and their response to environmental changes between 1982 and 2006. To do so, we used the NOAA/AVHRR-GIMMS dataset of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a linear estimator of the fraction of photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by vegetation, which is the main control of carbon gains. Nearly all parks have significantly changed during the last 25 years: The radiation interception has increased, the contrast between the growing and nongrowing seasons has diminished, and the dates of maximum and minimum interception have advanced. Some parks concentrated more changes than others and the degree of change varied depending on their different environmental conditions, management, and conservation histories. Our approach identified reference conditions and temporal changes for different aspects of ecosystem functioning, which can be used for management purposes of protected areas in response to global changes.     

雷州半岛桉林-砖红壤水分动态变化特征研究

根据定位观测数据,对雷州半岛浅海沉积物发育的桉林地砖红壤水分状况及其动态变化进行了初步探讨.结果表明,受水分蒸发量大等因素的影响,0～100 cm土层月均贮水量较低;主要受降雨分布的影响,土壤水分呈明显的季节性变化特征且季节性干旱时间较长,8～     

Concentration of trace elements in feathers of three Antarctic penguins: Geographical and interspecific differences

Antarctica is often considered as one of the last pristine regions, but it could be affected by pollution at global and local scale. Concentrations of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and Pb were determinated by ICP-MS in feathers (n = 207 individuals) of gentoo, chinstrap and Adélie penguin collected in 8 locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula (2006-2007). The highest levels of several elements were found in samples from King George Island (8.08, 20.29 and 1.76 μg g⁻¹ dw for Cr, Cu and Pb, respectively) and Deception Island (203.13, 3.26 and 164.26 μg g⁻¹ dw for Al, Mn and Fe, respectively), where probably human activities and large-scale transport of pollutants contribute to increase metal levels. Concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, Se or Pb, which are similar to others found in different regions of the world, show that some areas in Antarctica are not utterly pristine.