Synthesis and characterization of agricultural controllable humic acid superabsorbent

Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH₄⁺, PO₄^3- on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60℃. P(AA/AMHA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH₄⁺, PO₄^3-. The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent.     

皮革铬鞣废水回收利用中铬渣的铬量测定

本文研究了皮革铬鞣废水中铬的定性特征曲线。利用吸光度加合定律对大量实测数据进行统计处理。建立测定铬的实验室校准直线方程，相关系数γ＝０．９９６０．以此作为测定铬鞣废水及回收铬渣中铬量的实验室回归直线方程。并对本法的可靠性进行研究，结果令人满意。本法不仅大大简化了铬量测定的步骤．而且在提高分析效率的同时获得同等的检测结果。     

降低总氮空白吸光值的因素探讨

为了有效控制总氮的空白吸光值,本文从容器的洗涤、实验用水、试剂纯度、样品的消解、后处理阶段等环节进行分析,通过科学实验,探讨了其影响因素,找到最佳条件：用1：3的硫酸清洗容器消除有机物的干扰,GR级的过硫酸钾和AR级的氢氧化钠分别进行溶解作为消解剂,控制消解的时间超过30分钟,最后用1：9的盐酸消除干扰,总氮的空白值可以控制在0.020之内。     

BOD5 Estimation by Using UV Absorption and COD for Rapid Industrial Effluent Monitoring

The study dealt with the method to predict the BOD₅ in effluent from industrial wastewater by using the UV absorption from two wavelengths, 260 and 550 nm. The interference from suspended solids was reduced. In the same time, COD was used as the secure value to calculate BOD₅. From the representative wastewater treatment plants, the estimated effluent BOD₅ of wastewater from the Para rubber industry showed an average error at ±2.97 mg/l. While it was at ±3.31 mg/l, for frozen seafood industry. The simple mathematic equations in this study gave the assuring method for BOD₅ estimation without time consuming.     

首钢邻山和植物园植物叶片含硫量的对比

采用比浊法消解和定容、IRIS advantage型等离子体发射光谱仪测定首钢邻山的17种植物叶片和北京植物园邻山相应的植物种类叶片含硫量.结果表明,茜草等5种植物叶片在两个样点的含硫量均排列在前5位,并与其余的植物种类叶片含硫量有显著差异,说明对硫的积累能力强.首钢邻山的植物中,臭椿等5种植物叶片的含硫量极显著高于植物园邻山的相应种,推断其在重污染区的吸硫能力较强.植物园邻山的茜草等5种植物叶片的含硫量极显著高于首钢邻山相应种,推断其在轻度污染区的吸硫能力表现更为突出.     

羊毛角蛋白接枝聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸水树脂的制备

以废弃羊毛为主要原料,采用溶液聚合法制备了羊毛角蛋白接枝聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂。详细探讨了羊毛角蛋白含量、丙烯酸比例、反应温度、交联剂和引发剂等条件对合成树脂吸水性能的影响。结果显示,当角蛋白占比为5 wt%,丙烯酸比例为70%,反应温度为70℃,交联剂用量为0.1 wt%,引发剂用量为0.8 wt%时,改性树脂吸水倍率最好。另外,采用红外光谱、全质构仪和吸水速率对角蛋白改性前后的产物进行了结构分析和性能测试。结果显示,羊毛角蛋白的引入可以提高树脂的强度、吸水速率和耐盐能力。     

合并两回归线两个方法的比较

本文通过对合并两回归线两个方法的比较分析,得出两方法合并相差甚微的结果,因此可以用平均法代替以往的合并方法。该方法具有合并方法所没有的简单易懂的特点,适合于各实验分析人员使用。     

催化剂厂滤渣制备高吸水复合材料的研究

炼油催化剂厂在生产过程中每年要排除大量的滤渣,对滤渣成分进行了分析,其中SiO2含量为60%左右,Al2O3含量为10%左右,重金属含量不超过土壤环境质量标准值(GB15618-95)。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和催化剂厂滤渣等为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备出了滤渣/P(AA-AM)高吸水复合材料,考察了引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度及滤渣用量对复合材料吸液倍率的影响。结果表明,当中和度为80%,滤渣、引发剂和交联剂用量分别为丙烯酸单体质量的25%、1.0%和0.04%时所制得复合材料吸蒸馏水、自来水和0.9%NaCl达到了1093.2g/g、323.4g/g和74.39g/g。复合材料在25℃下干燥10d,还保持50%的吸水量,在70℃下干燥10h吸水凝胶还可以保持40%的吸水量,表明复合材料具有良好的保水性能。     

测定水中总氮时影响空白吸光值的若干因素分析

碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法测定总氮时,经常会出现空白吸光值偏高的情况.通过一系列对比试验,发现高纯度的过硫酸钾、氢氧化钠、优质的试验用水、消解时间足够及消解过程中的压力和温度稳定是保证总氮空白值符合标准的关键因素.     

SBR法间歇式活性污泥系统处理有机废水的实验研究

以生粉和调和油水溶液模拟有机废水,采用SBR（Sequencing Batch Reactor）法对其进行处理,以水样浊度作为评价指标,对SBR反应工序、水样浊度与吸光度的标准曲线以及SBR法对有机废水的处理进行了检测和实验。实验结果表明,SBR反应中曝气池的运行操作由5道工序组成;标准曲线的绘制很好地拟合了水样浊度与吸光度的关系;SBR法对水样有机物的去除率随曝气时间的延长而提高,在曝气3h沉淀1h时,水样有机物的去除率达到71．89％。