Evaluation Of Ambient Air Pollution Impact On Carrot Plants At A Sub Urban Site Using Open Top Chambers

The present experiment was done to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on carrot (Dacus carotavar. Pusa Kesar) plants using open top chambers (OTCs) ventilated with ambient (NFCs) or charcoal filtered air (FCs) at a suburban site of Varanasi, India. Various morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were studied at different growth stages. Air monitoring data clearly showed high concentrations of SO₂, NO₂and O₃in the ambient air of study site. SO₂and NO₂concentrations were higher during early growth stages of carrot, whereas O₃concentration was highest during later growth stages. Filtration of air has caused significant reductions in all the three pollutant concentrations in FCs as compared to NFCs.Plants growing in FCs showed significantly higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency and variable fluorescence as compared to plants growing in NFCs. Protein content also showed a similar pattern, however, lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid content and peroxidase activity were higher in plants growing in NFCs as compared to FCs. Shoot length, number of leaves per plant, leaf area and root and shoot weight increased significantly upon filtration of ambient air. Total nitrogen decreased significantly in root, but increased significantly in shoot of plants grown in NFCs. Total P, Mg, Ca and K contents decreased significantly in plants grown in NFCs as compared to FCs. The individual pollutant concentrations were below threshold for plant injury, but the combined effect of all the three seems to act synergistically in causing greater adverse impact on dry weight and physiology of carrot plants. The study clearly indicates that air pollutants are high enough in the ambient air to cause significant unfavorable impact on carrot plants. The work further supports the usefulness of OTCs for assessing air pollution damage under field conditions in developing countries.     

温室与大田种植方式对胡萝卜生长过程中重金属吸收的影响

研究不同种植方式下作物重金属吸收过程对重金属污染风险管控有重要意义.以胡萝卜为例,对比温室和大田种植方式下,3个关键生长时期6种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn)的吸收转运特征,结合根际土壤理化参数,探讨种植方式对胡萝卜生物量和重金属含量随时间变化的影响并进行健康风险评价.结果 表明,温室和大田种植方式具有以...     

胡萝卜鲢鱼丸子的研制

通过对胡萝卜鲢鱼丸子的配方和制作工艺试验,得出了鱼肉、肥膘、淀粉、盐分及胡萝卜颗粒的最佳配比,使产品达到营养化、功能化、方便化的目的。     

不同作物根系多环芳烃吸收特征差异的比较研究

为选育不/少或超量吸收多环芳烃(PAHs)的植物品种进而进行农产品的安全生产和PAHs污染环境的植物修复,以菲为PAHs的代表物,比较了水培条件下3种常见农作物(大豆、小麦、胡萝卜)根系吸收菲的动力学特征差异.结果表明,3种作物根系对水培液中的菲有明显的吸收和累积作用,且菲的吸收量随时间延长而增加,整个吸收过程可分为快速吸收和慢速吸收2个阶段;3种作物根系菲吸收能力的大小为大豆>胡萝卜>小麦;作物根系吸收菲量与吸收时间的关系可以用Elovich方程拟合,大豆、胡萝卜和小麦根系菲吸收速率常数分别为4.31、4.10和2.84 mg.(kg.h)-1;作物根系菲吸收的动力学曲线可用米氏方程表征,大豆、胡萝卜和小麦根系菲的Km值分别为0.117、0.124和0.540 mg.L-1;根系菲吸收会导致营养液pH升高,pH升高的趋势和吸收速率常数k与Km值相对应,且与3种作物根系吸收能力的大小一致.因此可用根系吸收速率常数k、米氏常数Km值和水培液pH的变化表征作物根系吸收PAHs的能力差异,且从受影响因素的多寡角度考虑,吸收速率常数k和米氏常数Km较pH变化更适合.     

果子狸肉丸子的试制研究

为加大对果子狸开发利用力度，满足人们生活需要，特进行果子狸胡萝卜肉丸子试制．试验表明：将果子狸肉用五倍清水漂洗三次，果子狸肉：肉=5：4，用盐量为3％，淀粉用量20％，胡萝卜用量12％，在10～15℃下擂溃30min，成型后在95～100℃下加热熟化20min即可得到味美、色佳、弹性良好的果子狸胡萝卜肉丸子制品。     

气态DDTs在菠菜和胡萝卜体内的生物富集规律

研究了在水培条件下,菠菜和胡萝卜对气态DDTs类物质的生物富集规律.结果表明,DDTs类物质主要在菠菜和胡萝卜叶部富集,并呈如下规律:W_p,p’-DDE>W_o,p,-DDE>W_p,p-DDD>W_p,p’-DDT>W_o,p’-DDT.不同DDTs在菠菜和胡萝卜体内的富集能力不同.在菠菜和胡萝卜体内,生物富集系数BCF_p,p’-DDE>BCF_o,p’-DDE>BCF_p,p’-DDD>BCF_p,p’-DDT>BCF_o,p’-DDT.气态DDT类物质在菠菜叶部的生物富集量和生物富集系数均高于胡萝卜.降解产物_p,p’-DDE和_o,p’-DDE在菠菜和胡萝卜体内的平均富集量和生物富集系数BCF值均大于其母体化合物_p,p’-DDT和_o,p’-DDT.     

接种AM真菌对胡萝卜生长和辛硫磷残留的影响

在温室盆栽条件下研究了接种AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌对灭菌土壤中胡萝卜生长及其辛硫磷残留的影响.试验设置不施加、低(200 mg.L-1)、中(400 mg.L-1)、高(800 mg.L-1)等4个辛硫磷施用量水平,以及Glomus intraradices BEG 141(141)和Glomus mosseae BEG 167(167)和不接AM真菌的对照(CK)等3个接种处理.播种5个月后收获植株.辛硫磷在收获前14 d以灌根的方式施加.结果表明,尽管菌根侵染率在高辛硫磷施用量时有所降低,但均超过70%.辛硫磷施用量高低对于胡萝卜产量和地上部鲜重没有显著影响;在所有辛硫磷水平下,接种AM真菌均显著增加了胡萝卜产量和地上部鲜重.胡萝卜中辛硫磷残留随农药施用量增加而升高,接种AM真菌显著降低了胡萝卜根和地上部辛硫磷残留.无论在促生效应还是在降低辛硫磷残留方面,141菌剂要优于167菌剂.研究结果显示了AM真菌用于胡萝卜生产和降低农药残留的潜力.     

Antibiotic uptake by plants from manure-amended soils

Antibiotics are extensively given to livestock to promote growth and reduce diseases. Therefore, animal manure often contains antibiotics. Once manure is applied to agricultural land to improve soil productivity, crops would be exposed to antibiotics which may persist in soils from a few to several hundred days. The objective of this study was to evaluate the uptake of gentamicin and streptomycin by carrot (Daucus carota), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radish (Rhaphanus sativus) from manure-amended soil. The treatments were 0, 0.5 and 1 mg of antibiotic kg^?1 of soil. Two pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse. The first was conducted on the three crops and the second exclusively on radish. In radish, the increase in the concentrations of gentamicin was significant between the 0 and both of 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg^?1 treatments, but not significant between the 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg^?1. The average values were 35.5, 60.0 and 57.4 μg kg^?1 for the 0, 0.5 and 1 mg kg^?1 rates, respectively. However, the increase in streptomycin concentration in radish was not significant between the three treatments, and the average values were, 12.1, 15.2 and 17.4 μg kg^?1 for the 0, 0.5 and 1 mg kg^?1 rates, respectively. In carrot roots and lettuce leaves no significant increase in the concentrations of gentamicin or streptomycin was observed between the treatments. The three crops absorbed relatively higher amounts of gentamicin (small molecule) than streptomycin (large molecule). Generally the levels of antibiotics in plant tissue increased with increasing the antibiotic concentration in the manure (1 mg kg^?1 > 0.5 mg kg^?1).