Comparative Analysis of Ecophysiological Characteristics of Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. in the Periods of Its Bloom in Recreational Water Bodies

In the periods of summer and autumn bloom of the Stephanodiscus hantzschii Crun. in recreational water bodies, studies on the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a, its contents per unit biomass, efficiency in using photosynthetically active radiation (E_PhAR), and assimilative activity of microalgae were performed. The results confirmed the existence of two ecophysiological forms of St. hantzschii and provided evidence that both forms are typically autotrophic and can efficiently use low-intensity PhAR for photosynthesis.     

滆湖水华初期浮游植物群落特征及与水环境因子相关性分析

为探究滆湖水华初期浮游植物群落特征及与水环境因子的相关性,于2018年5—7月在全湖布设22个点,调查研究滆湖水华初期浮游植物群落时空分布特征,并对引起水华主导环境因子进行分析.结果表明：①共获得7门119属,优势属为绿藻门的小球藻与球团藻、蓝藻门的鞘丝藻与微囊藻,其中湖心区域浮游植物丰度与多样性小,均匀性低,属于中偏重污染区域;湖北区以北属于中污染区域,蓝藻堆积严重;西部沿岸及南端区域属于中偏轻污染区域.②冗余分析得出,湖心藻类与水温（T）有强相关性,与叶绿素a（Chl-a）、溶解性总磷（DTP）、pH、溶解氧（DO）呈一定正相关性;湖北区以北藻类与底泥有机质（OM）、水体悬浮物（SS）、Chl-a及DTP呈强相关性,与T呈一定相关性.T与多项环境因子相关,均值从26.1℃上升到32.4℃;OM与有机磷（OP）呈高度相关性（p<0.05,r=0.892）.水华发生的主导环境因子为T、DTP与pH,底泥OM及OP有一定影响.     

SPATIAL ANALYSIS AND EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT FOR CHLOROPHYLL a IN TAIHU LAKE

Spatial structure analysis and kriging analysis have been identified to be useful tools in illustrating the spatial patterns of variables. Taihu Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in China, and has suffered serious eutrophication in recent years due to the rapid economic development and growing environmental pollution in the Taihu Catchment. In this paper, spatial structural analysis, kriging interpolation and eutrophication assessment were carried out for chlorophyll a in the lake. Studies show that spherical model could be applied to fit all experimental variograms. Positive nuggets were observed for three directions except NE–SW direction. The variograms show some anisotropy with anisotropic ratio falling within 1.76. The spatial structural patterns of chlorophyll a in the lake were affected by factors such as distribution of pollution sources, water flow and wind. Two-dimensional ordinary block kriging was applied for interpolation process. An eutrophication assessment map was also made based on a water-quality evaluation standard. Results show that the content of chlorophyll a in Taihu Lake was quite high. The whole lake has suffered serious eutrophication. However, the eutrophic situation varied in space. Higher contents of chlorophyll a appeared mainly in the northern part of the lake.     

二价铜离子对川蔓藻(Ruppia maritima)的毒害作用研究

采用室内培养试验方法,研究了水体中二价铜离子(Cu2 )对耐盐沉水植物川蔓藻的毒害作用.试验针对叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和POD活性3项指标进行分析.结果表明,川蔓藻对低浓度铜离子的胁迫会产生一定的适应性,在Cu2 ≤1 mg·L-1的情况下对川蔓藻生长不会造成明显影响.Cu2 达到或超过5 mg·L-1就会使川蔓藻植株的生理生化指标出现明显变化,生长也会受到抑制.在试验条件下,铜离子浓度越高,植株受到的伤害越严重.     

辽东湾海冰晶体结构及其内部叶绿素的初步研究

本文介绍了１９９６年冬季首次辽东湾生态环境调查中的海洋背景条件。扼要地阐述了辽东湾海冰一般概况，分析辽东湾冰样晶体结构、存储条件及其与冰内和冰下海水叶绿素之间的关系。辽东湾冰内叶绿素符合其它结冰海区的一般规律。根据辽东湾冰层底部实测盐度变化规律阐明海冰对冰下海水营养盐的贡献。最后对深入开展结冰海区生态环境调查工作的技术、侧重点和意义做了讨论。     

Zn~(2+)对滇池藻类生长的影响

有关氮、磷对滇池藻类生长的影响研究,已有大量的报道,有关其它元素对滇池藻类影响的研究报道较少。本研究以滇池藻样为实验对象,实验不同Zn2+浓度对滇池藻类的影响情况,结果表明,高Zn2+浓度以抑制滇池藻类生长为主,低Zn2+浓度以促进滇池藻类生长为主。实验结果表明,在控制滇池湖藻类生长时,除了要注意控制N,P之外,还应考虑Zn2+对藻类生长的影响。     

基于MERIS数据的太湖悬浮物与叶绿素a遥感估算研究

基于MERIS数据,采用最大叶绿素指数算法,分别建立太湖悬浮物浓度与叶绿素a浓度的估算模型。经误差分析证明,该模型适宜检测悬浮物与叶绿素a质量浓度范围分别为15 g/m3～80 g/m3与10 mg/m3～20 mg/m3的水域,可用于太湖水体悬浮物与叶绿素a的MERIS遥感估算。     

Phytotoxicity of atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron to submersed macrophytes in outdoor mesocosms

The submersed macrophytes Elodea canadensis, Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton lucens were constantly exposed over a five-week period to environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine, isoproturon, diuron, and their mixture in outdoor mesocosms. Effects were evaluated investigating photosynthetic efficiency (PE) of the three macrophytes and growth of M. spicatum and E. canadensis. Adverse effects on PE were observed on days 2 and 5 after application. M. spicatum was found to be the more sensitive macrophyte. E. canadensis and P. lucens were less sensitive to atrazine, diuron and the mixture and insensitive to isoproturon. PE of M. spicatum was similarly affected by the single herbicides and the mixture demonstrating concentration addition. Growth of E. canadensis and M. spicatum was not reduced indicating that herbicide exposure did not impair plant development. Although PE measurements turned out to be a sensitive method to monitor PSII herbicides, plant growth remains the more relevant ecological endpoint in risk assessment.     

On the effect of Fe(III) on proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa at high nitrate and low chlorophyll condition

The impact of Fe concentrations on the growth of Microcystisaeruginosa in aquatic systems under high nitrate and low chlorophyll conditions was studied. The responses of cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a intracellular Fe content and organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa to different concentration gradients of Fe(III) in the solutions were analysed. The results showed that the proliferation speeds of M. aeruginosa were: (1) decelerated when the Fe(III) concentration was lower than 50 μg/L in the solutions, (2) promoted and positively related to the increase of Fe(III) concentration from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions over the experimental period, and (3) promoted in the early stage but decelerated in later stages by excess adsorption of Fe by cells when the Fe(III) concentration was higher than 500 μg/L in the solutions. The maximum cell density, total and cell chlorophyll-a were all observed at 500 μg Fe(III)/L concentration. The organic elemental composition of M. aeruginosa was also affected by the concentration of Fe(III) in the solutions, and the molecular formula of M. aeruginosa should be expressed as C_7–7.5H₁₄O_0.8–1.3N_3.5–5 according to the functions for different Fe(III) concentrations. Cell carbon and oxygen content appeared to increase slightly, while cell nitrogen content appeared to decrease as Fe(III) concentrations increased from 100 to 500 μg/L in the solutions. This was attributed to the competition of photosynthesis and nitrogen adsorption under varying cell Fe content.     

喷播基质中土壤菌施用对紫穗槐幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为了揭示喷播基质中土壤菌对植物的影响机制、筛选出优势土壤菌配置模式,以适应性极强的紫穗槐（Amorpha fruticosa）为试验材料,将筛选鉴定的3种土壤菌--细菌苏云金杆菌（nl11,专利号nl-11）、真菌卵形孢球托霉（nl15,专利号nl-15）和放线菌嗜热一氧化碳链霉菌（nl1,专利号nl-1）,配制成无菌（CK）、单菌（nl11、nl15、nl1）、两种菌混合（nl11+nl15、nl11+nl1、nl15+nl1）和3种菌混合（nl11+nl15+nl1）,共8种配置方式等比例混入基质中进行温室盆栽试验,分别观测其对紫穗槐幼苗的光合色素含量、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明:与无菌苗相比,其他7种处理的紫穗槐幼苗w（Chlb）显著高于对照,除nl15+nl1和nl15+nl1+nl11外,其他处理的幼苗w（Chla）和w（Chl）均显著高于对照;除nl15+nl1处理外,其他处理的幼苗w（Car）显著高于对照.相比对照,nl11+nl15处理的幼苗净光合速率（P_n）显著提高123.5%,nl11处理的幼苗净光合速率（P_n）、水分利用效率（WUE）和光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学量子产量（F_v/F_m）显著提高148.72%、156.21%和5.74%,nl15处理的幼苗PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）显著提高,nl11+nl15+nl1处理的幼苗净光合速率、光化学淬灭系数（qP）与电子传递速率（ETR）显著提高173.59%、12.58%和5.13%,nl1处理的紫穗槐幼苗初始荧光（F_o）与最大荧光（F_m）显著低于无菌幼苗10.05%和19.86%.通过土壤菌施用,显著促进了紫穗槐幼苗的光合色素的合成,提高气孔导度、水分利用效率、蒸腾速率和净光合速率,降低气孔限制值,增强了植株对有效光的利用,并且防止过剩光能对光合机构的进一步伤害,提高抗逆性和适应性,并以nl11、nl11+nl15和nl11+nl15+nl1这3种配置模式效果最为显著.