Effect of oxide nanoparticles on the morphology and fluidity of phospholipid membranes and the role of hydrogen bonds

Engineered oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in insulators, catalyzers, paints, cosmetic products, textiles and semiconductors. Their attachment on cell membrane may lead to cytotoxicity. The effects of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂ and ZnO NPs on membrane integrity and fluidity were studied using giant or small unilamellar vesicles in this study. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs disrupted the oppositely charged membrane, indicating the important role of electrostatic attraction. However, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZnO NPs did not cause serious membrane disruption as Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs. Membrane fluidity was evaluated by the generalized polarity (GP) values of Laurdan fluorescent emission. SiO₂ NPs induce the membrane gelation of both positively and negatively charged membrane. Al₂O₃ and ZnO NPs induced the gelation of the oppositely charged membrane, but did not cause obvious membrane gelation to the like charged membrane. The phospholipid molecular structural changes after NP exposure were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra revealed the hydrogen bond formation between NPs and the carbonyl/phosphate groups of phospholipids. Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs showed strongest evidence of hydrogen bonding on their FT-IR spectra. It was consistent with the microscopic observation and fluorescent data that Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ NPs caused more serious membrane disruption and gelation. This study on membrane damage provides further knowledge on the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and the safety of NP application.     

Isolation and characterization of lead-tolerant Ochrobactrum intermedium and its role in enhancing lead accumulation by Eucalyptus camaldulensis

In this study, the potential of rhizospheric bacteria in promoting the growth and Pb accumulation by the woody plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis under hydroponic conditions was investigated for the first time. Three Pb-tolerant bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of E. camaldulensis grown in Pb-contaminated soils in the Bo Ngam Pb mine, Thailand. Based on analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequence, the three isolates were identified as Microbacterium paraoxydans BN-2, Ochrobactrum intermedium BN-3, and Bacillus fusiformis BN-4. Among these strains, O. intermedium BN-3 showed the highest tolerance to not only Pb but also Cd and Zn. After growth in the presence of Pb, the membranes of O. intermedium BN-3 cells exhibited an increase in unsaturated fatty acid levels but a decrease in fluidity. In hydroponic studies, inoculation of O. intermedium BN-3 significantly increased the biomass and Pb accumulation by E. camaldulensis compared to the uninoculated control. The results suggested the role of the natural rhizospheric bacteria localized to the root surface of E. camaldulensis in promoting Pb accumulation and plant growth. Our results indicate that O. intermedium BN-3 and other indigenous rhizospheric bacteria have the potential to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated sites.     

氧化淀粉等稀糊淀粉的流度及测定

介绍了淀粉工业中氧化淀粉等稀糊淀粉的流度测定及其意义。     

地铁盾构施工泡沫剂改良土体控制渗害的试验研究

地铁建设中地下水影响是环境损伤事故最重要的诱因,分析了近年地铁施工及渗害诱发地层沉降、建筑坍塌的典型工程事故。鉴于泡沫剂改良渣土是盾构隧道施工中维护开挖面稳定及控制地层渗害的极端重要性,研制了一种新型泡沫剂发泡装置,进行了泡沫剂改良地层的系列实验研究,获得了泡沫剂对粘性土和砂土的渗透性影响、流动性影响的实验规律,可为盾构施工中开挖面稳定性与渗害控制提供重要依据。     

50Hz低频环境磁场对细胞增殖的影响及其机理探讨

本文以细胞株LO2(人肝细胞)和CHL(中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞)为研究对象，用50Hz正弦磁场以不同强度、不同时间作用于细胞。长时间作用后，2种细胞的增殖均受到抑制，但抑制程度与磁场作用量并非呈简单的线性关系；磁场短时间作用对细胞增殖无明显影响，但细胞膜的流动性变差，在磁场撤去后膜的流动性又有所恢复。这一现象说明，低频弱磁场引起宏观生物效应需要时间的积累。同时观察到磁场短时间作用导致的CHL细胞上表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的聚集，这可能是低频弱磁场引起宏观生物效应的一种机制。     

两种城市污泥掺混水煤浆的成浆性

研究了两种高含水率城市污泥与煤粉混合研制水煤浆的可行性,以及各种影响因素包括污泥掺混比例、分散剂用量、温度及剪切时间等对成浆性能的影响.结果表明,两种污泥在南京大学研制的亚甲基萘磺钠-苯乙烯磺酸钠-马来酸钠(NDF)分散剂配合下,掺混比例控制在10%以内,可以与煤粉顺利成浆.两种污泥掺混比例分别为5%、10%水煤浆的表观粘度随分散剂的增加而降低,浆体温度的提升有利于改善水煤浆的流动性,添加污泥的水煤浆在稳定性上好于未掺污泥的水煤浆.试验结果可为城市污泥掺制水煤浆的资源化利用途径提供参考依据.     

热水解-厌氧消化工艺中污泥的触变性分析

采用触变动力学系数作为评价指标,通过流变试验研究了热水解-厌氧消化联合工艺中污泥标准化黏度和触变性的变化规律,并探讨了屈服应力和触变性二者间的联系,从触变性角度为热水解-厌氧消化污泥的处理处置提供参考依据。结果表明:与滞后环相比,用触变动力学系数K更适合表征污泥的触变性;调配污泥、热水解污泥和厌氧消化污泥的标准化黏度均随时间增大逐渐减小;3种污泥的触变性随TSS质量分数增大而减小,经热水解-厌氧消化后污泥的触变性增大,流动性增强;污泥屈服应力越大,触变性越小,稳定性越强。     

高凝(粘)原油长距离单输的安全对策

分析了湛茂原油长输管线输送高凝原油存在的问题,从技术、安全及成本等方面对工艺路线进行了分析,认为加注降凝剂输送工艺是可取的.     

特定静电场长期作用下作物叶绿体膜组分及膜流动性的变化

研究了0.3kV/cm静电场长期作用下,大豆、黄瓜与油青菜心叶片光合细胞中叶绿体膜脂肪酸组分和膜流动性的影响.结果表明,静电场处理使叶绿体膜不饱和脂肪酸相对含量增加,饱和脂肪酸相对含量减少,膜脂肪酸的不饱和度指数和膜流动性提高.进一步研究发现,静电场处理使叶片细胞内丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,表明静电场的作用提高了作物光合细胞抗氧化保护酶系统的功能,使光合细胞中叶绿体膜流动性增加.图3表1参16     

放射性核素钍污染土壤有机酸化学淋洗工艺

选用草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸对不同粒径典型放射性钍污染土壤进行淋洗试验,考察淋洗后淋洗液各指标参数变化以土壤可提取形态分析淋洗后流动性和稳定性的变化结合淋洗动力学和XRD手段来表征土壤修复机理及土壤晶相破坏程度.结果 表明:草酸、柠檬酸和酒石酸振荡淋洗最优参数为0.5mol/L条件下振荡踮,淋洗效果依次为:草酸＞柠檬酸＞酒...