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1.
利用静态箱-气相色谱法对夏季(7月、8月和9月)长江河口湿地芦苇植被CO_2、CH_4和N_2O的叶面通量、茎秆扩散速率以及沉积物通量的日变化进行研究。结果显示,通过芦苇叶片排放的N_2O与CH_4的量分别为2.99μg/(m~2·h)和15.36μg/(m~2·h),CO_2则呈现白天吸收(-120.86 mg/(m~2·h))、夜间排放(69.39 mg/(m~2·h))的特点。芦苇茎秆N_2O、CH_4和CO_2平均扩散速率分别为1.96μg/h、142.45μg/h和10.69 mg/h,沉积物平均排放通量为N_2O 8.18μg/(m~2·h)、CH_41.58 mg/(m~2·h)、CO_2169.66 mg/(m~2·h)。芦苇茎秆和沉积物界面CH_4和CO_2的排放均呈现出明显的"单峰型"昼夜变化规律,其排放峰值集中在日照及温度最高的9:00至15:00。芦苇植株是影响温室气体排放变化的因素之一。芦苇植株在光合作用下吸收CO_2并促进CH_4的排放,而芦苇发达的根系及茎秆是温室气体排放的主要途径。同时,Pearson相关性分析表明温度对芦苇群落CH_4和NO2的排放影响显著,但与CO_2通量的相关性不明显。土壤氧化还原电位对3种气体的排放均有显著影响。 相似文献
2.
B. Beck-Friis M. Pell U. Sonesson H. Jönsson H. Kirchmann 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,62(3):317-331
Composting can be a source of N2O andCH4 production. In this investigation, differentcompost heaps of organic household waste weremonitored with the focus on potential formation ofCH4 and N2O in the heaps and emission ofthese gases from the heaps. The studied compost heapshad different compost ages, turning intervals andcompost sizes. The analysed compost gases containedbetween 1–3421 L of N2O-N L-1 and 0–470 mL of CH4 L-1. The emission rates ofN2O and CH4 from the compost heaps werebetween 1–1464 mg N2O m-2 day-1 and0–119 000 mg CH4 m-2 day-1. These verylarge differences in compost gas composition andemission indicate the importance of compostmanagement. The results also give an understanding ofwhere in the composting process an increasing emissionof N2O and CH4 can occur. 相似文献
3.
MethaneemissioninaricefieldofThailand¥RongXiang;Chuen-HowNg(EnvironmentalEngineeringProgram,SchoolofEnvironment,ResourcesandD... 相似文献
4.
A baseline for a project consists of estimates of annual emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) for a given time period without implementing the project. A general three-step process for determining the baseline is suggested. The emission reduction of the project is given by the difference between the baseline and the monitored annual emissions. A preferred method, direct measurement of the emission reduction, is possible for some types of projects. Methods for estimating the annual baseline emissions are not necessary for the latter category, and a definition of this project category is suggested. IPCC Guidelines for National GHG Inventories categorise the emission sources so that only direct emissions from consumption of fuel and feedstock are calculated. There are thus no emission factors for indirect emissions (e.g. electricity consumption or km transported) or emission factors that depend on technology only, independent of consumption of fuel and feedstock. Technology-dependent emission factors may thus need to be developed for estimating indirect emissions and multi-project baselines. Consistency should be sought with the IPCC Guidelines when estimating annual baseline emissions and in monitoring project emissions to ensure comparability with the National Inventories. 相似文献
5.
Developing Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System to Meet the Reporting Requirements of the Kyoto Protocol 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere can be reduced by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels
and by increasing the net uptake (or reducing the net loss) of carbon in terrestrial (and aquatic) ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol
addresses both the release and uptake of carbon. Canada is developing a National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and
Reporting System in support of its international obligations to report greenhouse gas sources and sinks. This system employs
forest-inventory data, growth and yield information, and statistics on natural disturbances, management actions and land-use
change to estimate forest carbon stocks, changes in carbon stocks, and emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. A key component of the system is the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). The model
is undergoing extensive revisions to enable analyses at four spatial scales (national, provincial, forest management unit
and stand) and in annual time steps. The model and the supporting databases can be used to assess carbon-stock changes between
1990 and the present, and to predict future carbon-stock changes based on scenarios of future disturbance rates and management
actions. 相似文献
6.
王宏伟 《辽宁城乡环境科技》2006,26(5):54-56
固体废弃物的填埋处理法在处理量和处理成本等方面比起其他方法有很强的优势,然而填埋处理场如果得不到正确的运转和管理,将成为新的污染源,易引发地表水和地面水污染、大气污染以及甲烷气体爆炸等环境问题。鉴于上述问题,文中针对上述事例介绍了排气设备、诱引气床等物理和化学方面的防止对策。 相似文献
7.
本文介绍了原子吸收分光光度计在环境监测中的应用情况和重要性。分析了原子吸收光度法(包括石墨炉法)与ICP-AES(电感偶合等离子体发射光谱法),原子荧光法,极谱法在分析元素时各自的优缺点,又从目前环境监测的角度阐述了应用原子吸收分光度计的重要性与现实性。分析了原子吸收分光广度计在使用中的常见问题及原子吸收分光广度法分析中常出现的问题(从仪器、方法角度分别讲述)。并提出了原子吸收分光度计要进一步应适应环境监测的需求。 相似文献
8.
Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Substitution: Comparing Concrete- and Wood-Framed Buildings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Leif Gustavsson Kim Pingoud Roger Sathre 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):667-691
In this study a method is suggested to compare the net carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the construction of concrete- and wood-framed buildings. The method is then applied to two buildings in Sweden
and Finland constructed with wood frames, compared with functionally equivalent buildings constructed with concrete frames.
Carbon accounting includes: emissions due to fossil fuel use in the production of building materials; the replacement of fossil
fuels by biomass residues from logging, wood processing, construction and demolition; carbon stock changes in forests and
buildings; and cement process reactions. The results show that wood-framed construction requires less energy, and emits less
CO2 to the atmosphere, than concrete-framed construction. The lifecycle emission difference between the wood- and concrete-framed
buildings ranges from 30 to 130 kg C per m2 of floor area. Hence, a net reduction of CO2 emission can be obtained by increasing the proportion of wood-based building materials, relative to concrete materials. The
benefits would be greatest if the biomass residues resulting from the production of the wood building materials were fully
used in energy supply systems. The carbon mitigation efficiency, expressed in terms of biomass used per unit of reduced carbon
emission, is considerably better if the wood is used to replace concrete building material than if the wood is used directly
as biofuel. 相似文献
9.
草坪作为城市绿地的重要组成部分,其温室气体的吸收或排放不容忽视.然而当前对亚热带城市草坪温室气体通量的研究相对匮乏.采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对杭州市城区典型城市草坪的多种温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O和CO)地气交换通量进行了连续观测研究.结果表明,城市草坪的温室气体月平均通量变化明显,而其日变化特征并不明显.城市草地和土壤(无植被生长的裸土)是大气N2O的源,平均通量分别为(0.66±0.17)μg·(m2·min)-1和(0.58±0.20)μg·(m2·min)-1;是CH4和CO的汇,其中CH4平均通量分别为(-0.21±0.078)μg·(m2·min)-1和(-0.26±0.10)μg·(m2·min)-1,CO分别为(-6.36±1.28)μg·(m2·min)-1和(-6.55±1.69)μg·(m2·min)-1.城市草地和土壤CO2平均通量分别为(5.28±0.75) mg·(m2·min)-1和(4.83±0.91) mg·(m2·min)-1.基于相关性分析研究发现,草地和土壤的CO2和N2O通量均与降水量呈显著的负相关,而CH4和CO通量与降水量呈显著的正相关;除草地CH4通量与土壤温度无显著相关、草地N2O通量与土壤温度呈显著负相关外,其余各温室气体通量与土壤温度均呈显著正相关.另外,城市草坪的草地和土壤CO2(R2为0.371和0.314)和N2O (R2为0.371和0.284)通量季节变化受降水量的影响要大于其它温室气体,而土壤温度对CO通量的影响(R2为0.290和0.234)要显著于其它温室气体. 相似文献
10.