Response of the Ascorbate-Peroxidase of Selenastrum capricornutum to Copper and Lead in Stormwaters

The green alga Selenastrum capricornutum expresses a uniqueascorbate peroxidase, that responds to copper and lead. Attemptswere made to test if this peroxidase could be used to monitor thelevels of copper and lead in natural waters. When S.capricornutum was exposed to a stormwater sample, the specificactivity of the peroxidase in the cell extract was commensuratewith the combined copper and lead contents in the sample. Theperoxidase responses were also correlated with the 96 hr biomasstoxicity assay of S. capricornutum. However, unlike thebiomass toxicity assay, the peroxidase activity was not affectedby the anions in the samples. The use of this peroxidase can beused as a marker for testing heavy metal toxicity in the water.     

久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究Ⅲ.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对３种海洋微藻细胞内２种清除活性氧的关键性酶－超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示：１．在久效磷的胁迫下，扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超化物歧化酶活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势，而叉鞭金藻细胞的ＳＯＤ活性时而上升，时而下降，在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化。２．随着久铲磷胁迫时间的延长，３种微藻细胞的过氧化酶活性均逐渐下降，表现出相同的变化规律性。     

Degradation of direct azo dye by Cucurbita pepo free and immobilized peroxidase

Enzymatic decolourization of the azo dye, Direct Yellow (DY106) by Cucurbita pepo (courgette) peroxidase (CP) is a complex process, which is greatly affected by pH, temperature, enzyme activity and the concentrations of H₂O₂ and dye. Courgette peroxidase was extracted and its performance was evaluated by using the free-CP (FCP) and immobilized-CP (ICP) forms in the decolourization of DY106. Immobilization of peroxidase in calcium alginate beads was performed according to a strategy aiming to minimize enzyme leakage and keep its activity at a maximum value by optimizing sodium alginate content, enzyme loading and calcium chloride concentration. The initial conditions at which the highest DY106 decolourization yield was obtained were found at pH 2, temperature 20℃, H₂O₂ dose 1 mmol/L (FCP) and 100 mmol/L (ICP). The highest decolourization rates were obtained for dye concentrations 50 mg/L (FCP) and 80 mg/L (ICP). Under optimal conditions, the FCP was able to decolorize more than 87% of the dye within 2 min. While with ICP, the decolourization yield was 75% within 15 min. The decolourization and removal of DY106 was proved by UV-Vis analysis. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy analysis was also performed on DY106 and enzymatic treatment precipitated byproduct.     

镉胁迫对虾夷扇贝抗氧化防御系统的影响

实验研究了虾夷扇贝在96 h的急性毒性效应,以及不同浓度Cd2+(0,0.005,0.025,0.050,0.150和0.300 mg/L)对虾夷扇贝内脏团超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活力的影响,以探讨其用于污染暴露的生物标记的可行性。结果表明:虾夷扇贝96 h的LC50为1.73 mg/L;其95%的置信区间是1.58～1.90 mg/L;安全浓度为0.0173 mg/L。酶活力:0.025 mg/L及以上的各实验组SOD活力先上升后下降,在第3 d时达到峰值,与对照组呈显著差异(P<0.05);处理第6 d,各浓度组SOD活力有所下降,到第9 d时受到抑制;CAT活力在处理0.5 d时,0.025mg/L0、.150 mg/L和0.300 mg/L三个浓度组均受到显著诱导(P<0.05),处理第6 d时,各实验组酶活力开始受到抑制。两种酶对实验设计的Cd2+浓度反应敏感,呈现出"诱导-抑制"规律,对海洋Cd2+早期污染具有指示作用。GSH-PX对Cd2+污染没有SOD和CAT那样敏感,GSH-PX的各个实验组与对照组相比差异均不显著,因而它作为对海洋Cd2+早期污染指示物的意义不大。     

活性红M-3BE脱色真菌的筛选及脱色性能研究

从自然环境中分离到2株对染料活性红M-3BE具有明显脱色效果的真菌,经形态学和26S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Fusarium oxysporum和Geosmithia viridis.采用初始浓度50 mg/L M-3BE的液体培养基同步脱色培养,F.oxysporum在24 h内对M-3BE的脱色率为96%,G.viridis在36 h内的脱色率为82%.对脱色酶系的检测结果表明,脱色过程中F.oxysporum能产生LiP和MnP,G.viridis则仅产生LiP.此外,F.oxysporu和G.viridis对另外7种染料的脱色率也可分别达到16%～100%和83.3%～100%.     

非离子型表面活性剂AE对大薸损伤程度的酶学诊断

以超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)和过氧化物酶 (POD)的比活力变化作为观测指标 ,进行了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 (AE)对大薸 (PistiastratiotesL .)损伤程度的酶学诊断 .结果表明 :在 17℃下 ,ρ(AE) 0 .1mg L的AE对大薸的伤害程度极微 ;ρ(AE)为 1.0、10 .0mg L时 ,大薸受到较大的伤害 ,但能逐渐恢复正常生理活动 ;ρ(AE)为 2 0 .0、5 0 .0mg L时 ,由于伤害程度大 ,超出了酶的修复能力 ,组织逐渐坏死 .同时推测 :在AE污染下 ,大薸的POD是起保护作用的主导酶 .图 3表 1参 12     

突变灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的响应面法优化分析简

酶法降解偶氮染料刚果红是一个复杂的过程,受温度、pH、酶量、刚果红浓度和双氧水浓度显著影响。为研究各因素及因素间交互作用对刚果红降解影响,提高刚果红的降解率,分别使用单因素法和响应面分析法对刚果红降解条件进行了优化。单因素实验结果显示灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶降解刚果红的最适条件为：pH 5.0、32℃、酶量4.98 U、双氧水0.1 mmol/L、刚果红20 mg/L,此时刚果红最高降解率为34.84%。然后选双氧水浓度、刚果红浓度和灰盖鬼伞过氧化物酶量作为3个因素,通过中心组合设计实验,用响应面法对刚果红降解进行优化分析,最后得到一个拟合度良好的二次多项方程模型（R²=0.9900）。方差分析结果显示,刚果红浓度和酶量是影响最显著的因素,双氧水与酶以及染料与酶之间的交互作用极显著。响应面分析优化后的反应体系为：双氧水浓度0.15 mmol/L,刚果红浓度为27.21 mg/L,酶为2.0 7 U,在此条件下,刚果红降解率达58.13%。     

Plant steroid hormones produced under Ni stress are involved in the regulation of metal uptake and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea L

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the amelioration of various biotic and abiotic stresses. With an aim to explore the role of BRs under heavy metal stress, plants of Brassica juncea L. were grown in pots. The plants were subjected to various concentrations of Nickel metal (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM) and harvested on 60th day in order to observe the expression of these hormones. The isolated BRs from the leaves of Brassica plants characterized by GC-MS include 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL), Castasterone, Dolicholide and Typhasterole. The effect of isolated 24-EBL was studied on Ni metal uptake and antioxidative defense system in 60 d old plants of Brassica. It was observed that 24-EBL significantly increased the activities of stress ameliorating enzymes and lowered the metal uptake in plants. This is the first report in B. juncea L. plants showing the expression of BRs under metal treatments and effect of the isolated 24-EBL on metal uptake and in oxidative stress management.     

凹凸棒石粘土固定辣根过氧化物酶处理含酚废水

采用凹凸棒石粘土、可溶性淀粉和工业水玻璃作为制备凹凸棒石粘土基颗粒的材料,并将制备的凹凸棒石粘土基颗粒进行改性,得到了改性后的凹凸棒石基多孔材料,并将其作为固定辣根过氧化物酶的载体,再应用于含酚废水的处理研究,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明,辣根过氧化物酶的最佳固定化条件为:单位酶活载体量1 mg、固定化时间1.5小时、固定pH值5。并且在固定化酶循环使用6次后,苯酚去除率仍能达到62.3%。     

LIPID PEROXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF MICE EXPOSED TO LOW LEVEL OF MERCURY

The effects of mercuric chloride (Hg) on lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in different organs of mice (CD-1) were evaluated. Mice were exposed (2 days/week) to 0.0 (control), 0.8 (low) and 8.0 (mid) and 80.0 (high) gHg/kg/day for 2 weeks. The high dose group was excluded from the study due to high mortality. LPO levels in kidney, testis and epididymus at low and mid doses; GR and GPx levels in testis at mid dose; SOD levels in brain and testis at both doses, liver and epididymus at mid dose; GSH levels in testis at both doses were significantly increased compared to their controls. However, the GR levels in kidney at both doses and in epididymus at mid dose; GPx levels in kidney and epididymus and SOD levels in kidney at both the doses; GSH levels in epididymus at mid dose were significantly decreased compared to their control. Body weight gain and food efficiency were significantly reduced (<0.05) in mid dose. These results indicated that Hg treatment enhanced LPO in all tissues, but showed significant enhancement only in kidney, testis and epididymus suggesting that these organs were more susceptible to Hg toxicity. The increase in antioxidant enzyme levels in testis could be a mechanism protecting the cells against reactive oxygen species.