中全新世全球极端温度响应:基于MPI-ESM-P模拟试验

中全新世是北半球轨道时间尺度距今最近的温暖期,是当前全球变暖的历史相似型之一,研究该阶段极端温度的变化有助于理解典型温暖期极端温度的响应和机制。利用MPI-ESM-P海气耦合模式中全新世暖期试验与工业革命前试验数据,分析中全新世暖期全球极端温度的响应。结果表明:由于北半球夏季轨道日射量的增加,与工业革命前相比,中全新世平均温度在极地海洋以及夏季北半球中高纬度陆地地区升高,其余区域温度降低;平均温度升高的区域,极端高温与极端低温也将上升,暖事件频率增加;陆地区域日最高温相关指标比日最低温相关指标的变化幅度更大;相对于极端高温事件的响应,极地海洋地区极端低温事件的响应更为显著,冷事件频率显著减少,全年高于0℃的天数显著增加。     

Maximum power point tracking methods for photovoltaic systems operating under partially shaded or rapidly variable insolation conditions: a review paper

To increase the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems, maximum power point (MPP) tracking of the solar arrays is needed. Under partially shaded conditions (PSCs), the solar arrays power–current (P–I) characteristic has multiple MPP. This paper presents various methods and approaches of tracking the MPP from a PV generator operating under PSC. Some comparisons, advantages, drawbacks and critical analysis of each method are discussed. It was found that, indirect methods use empirical data or mathematical expressions of numerical approximations to estimate the MPP from the PV generator’s voltage, current and irradiance. Direct methods offer the advantage of obtaining the actual maximum power from the PV generator’s voltage and current. Artificial intelligence methods do not need exact mathematical models. They can perform under parameter variation, load and supply voltage disturbances. Finally, novel methods require less number of iterations to converge, independent to the initial conditions. All these algorithms can be included in some of the DC/DC converters and MPP trackers for stand-alone or grid-connected systems.     

关断隔离振打技术研究与应用

关断隔离振打技术能有效减少电除尘器的二次扬尘,提高除尘效率。介绍了关断隔离振打技术的基本工作原理,并通过来试验验证了该技术的可靠性,同时介绍了宣城发电厂12号炉电除尘改造采用该技术后,电除尘器出口烟尘排放浓度低于30 mg／m3。该工程实际应用的案例验证了该技术抑制二次扬尘的效果,为相似的电除尘器提效改造提供参考。     

SC110型汽车半轴齿轮的冷摆辗成形

简介PXW-200型冷摆辗机的结构与原理.概述冷摆辗SC110半轴齿轮的工艺设计及工艺参数,模具结构和制造.     

奥陶纪以来生物贝壳生长纹层与地月轨道参数的演化

通过显微镜、扫描电镜以及微量化学成分分析，对现代瓣鳃类粗饰蚶、花蛤和腹足类纺锤螺，第三纪美壳螺，三叠纪克氏蛤，石炭一二叠纪燕海扇，泥盆纪云南贝、颠石燕，奥陶纪震旦角石、赫南特贝等贝壳生长纹层进行了综合研究。结果表明，奥陶纪以来贝壳生长纹层具有年、半年、双周、日、半日生长周期的变化，年中所含双周生长纹层数、双周所含日生长纹数均呈递减的趋势。通过观测计算得出：奥陶纪每年的日数为415．69d，泥盆纪为407．1d，石炭一二叠纪为400．51d，三叠纪为393．98d，第三纪为374．13d，第四纪为367．4d，表明白奥陶纪以来有地球自转速度变慢、地月距离增大、月球后退速率减小等变化趋势，     

A Calibrated,High‐Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration1

Paech, Simon J., John R. Mecikalski, David M. Sumner, Chandra S. Pathak, Quinlong Wu, Shafiqul Islam, and Taiye Sangoyomi, 2009. A Calibrated, High‐Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1328‐1342. Abstract: Estimates of incoming solar radiation (insolation) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations have been produced for the state of Florida over a 10‐year period (1995‐2004). These insolation estimates were developed into well‐calibrated half‐hourly and daily integrated solar insolation fields over the state at 2 km resolution, in addition to a 2‐week running minimum surface albedo product. Model results of the daily integrated insolation were compared with ground‐based pyranometers, and as a result, the entire dataset was calibrated. This calibration was accomplished through a three‐step process: (1) comparison with ground‐based pyranometer measurements on clear (noncloudy) reference days, (2) correcting for a bias related to cloudiness, and (3) deriving a monthly bias correction factor. Precalibration results indicated good model performance, with a station‐averaged model error of 2.2 MJ m^?2/day (13%). Calibration reduced errors to 1.7 MJ m^?2/day (10%), and also removed temporal‐related, seasonal‐related, and satellite sensor‐related biases. The calibrated insolation dataset will subsequently be used by state of Florida Water Management Districts to produce statewide, 2‐km resolution maps of estimated daily reference and potential evapotranspiration for water management‐related activities.     

苯并咪唑衍生物缓蚀机理的理论研究

目的对五种苯并咪唑衍生物缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能进行理论评价,并对其缓蚀机理进行理论研究。方法采用量子化学计算与分子动力学模拟相结合的方法。结果苯并咪唑、2-丙基苯并咪唑、2-戊基苯并咪唑、2-己基苯并咪唑的最高占据轨道(HOMO)和最低空轨道(LUMO)均分布在苯并咪唑环上,而2-对氯苄基苯并咪唑的最高占据轨道分布在苯并咪唑环上,最低空轨道分布在取代基上。分子的苯并咪唑环平行吸附在金属表面,取代基含有的烷基链会垂直于表面并指向溶液,对分子吸附的影响较小,而取代基含有的苯环则会发生平行吸附。在五种缓蚀剂分子中,苯并咪唑的能隙差(ΔE)为5.572 e V,在金属表面上的吸附能为364.19 k J/mol,缓蚀性能最弱;2-对氯苄基苯并咪唑的能隙差为5.157 e V,吸附能为700.19 k J/mol,缓蚀性能最强。结论苯并咪唑衍生物分子的取代基官能团会对缓蚀性能造成一定影响,缓蚀剂分子通过其前线轨道与Fe原子形成的配位键和反馈键稳定吸附在金属表面,吸附形态和前线轨道分布有关。     

轨道尺度下东亚夏季风降水的北方主导演变模态

众多古气候记录的分析表明：轨道尺度气候变化下我国北方地区的季风降水变化显著,该现象的理解对于深入认识东亚夏季风降水的长期演变模态具有重要意义。本文基于瞬变古气候模拟的分析发现：在轨道尺度气候变化下,东亚夏季风降水的变化中心位于季风区北边界附近的半干旱区,是季风环流整体性演变及季风区北边界摆动的综合作用结果。东亚夏季风降水的轨道尺度演变模态与古气候记录的指示相一致,但与当前观测记录给出的以年际尺度变化为主的模态显著不同,说明东亚夏季风降水对气候变化的响应与气候变化的时间尺度有关。进一步的分析表明：轨道尺度气候变化下东亚夏季风北方降水的响应幅度取决于气候变化的驱动因素,其中轨道辐射的影响最为显著。     

取代芳烃对藻类毒性与结构参数之间的定量关系研究

采用OECD标准方法测定了40种取代芳烃化合物对绿藻的48h急性毒性,毒性最强的是邻二硝基苯,其lg1 EC50为5 04;毒性最弱的是苯酚,其lg1 EC50仅为2 46。计算得到所研究化合物的分子最低空轨道能((ELUMO))、分子最高占有轨道能((EHOMO))、范德华面积((sVdW))及分子量(Mw)。对化合物毒性和结构参数进行了定量的结构与活性关系(QSARs)研究。所研究化合物对绿藻的毒性主要分子的轨道能和空间参数有关。方程(lg1 EC50=-1 029(EHOMO)+0 025(sVdW)-8 322,R2(adj)=0 824)有很好的预测能力,训练组的平均相对误差为6 10%,测试组的平均误差为6 99%。苯酚和苯胺类化合物属于极性麻醉剂,其毒性与空间参数或疏水性有关;硝基苯类是反应型化合物,可作为亲电子试剂,产生相应的潜在毒性更强的亚硝基化合物,其毒性一般与分子轨道能有关。