GdFeO3上CO氧化的Redox机理动力学

ＧｄＦｅＯ３用柠檬酸络合制备。用ＸＲＤ测定ＧｄＦｅＯ３为钙钛矿结构。用ＣＯ还原脉冲及用Ｏ２再氧化脉冲证实在ＧｄＦｅＯ３上ＣＯ氧化为Ｒｅｄｏｘ机理。用外循环流动无梯度反应顺研究了ＣＯ氧化稳态动力学。用正交设计法估计动力学方程中的参数。还原催化剂再氧化为控制步骤。     

无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统试验研究

针对传统无砾石管式地下渗滤系统存在的处理性能差,渗滤通量低两个问题,通过去掉包裹织物,提高渗滤管开孔率、改变开孔方式,设计了无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统。通过实验研究表明,无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统对COD、氨氮的去除率比传统管式系统分别提高了10.8%、12.7%,总磷去除率并无显著差异,ORP值提高约85 mV,渗滤通量提高26.8%。在3.3 cm/d的水力负荷下,无砾石微孔管地下渗滤系统出水COD、氨氮、总磷平均浓度分别为19 mg/L,0.62 mg/L,0.048 mg/L。渗滤管下10 cm的土壤层去除了约70%的COD,80%的氨氮和91%的总磷,向下随着土壤深度的增加,单位厚度的土壤层去除的污染物量呈显著下降趋势。     

填埋场中铁的生物化学循环对反硝化的影响

在模拟填埋体系中,以填埋场稳定的垃圾为接种物,通过控制有机物和硝氮负荷,研究了铁的生物化学循环对反硝化的影响.结果表明,垃圾填埋场内蕴藏着能实现铁的厌氧氧化还原并同步还原硝氮的复合功能菌群.通过改变有机物和硝氮的负荷,可使得填埋场内持续进行着铁的氧化还原循环和同步氮素转化.从氮素转化产物来看,铁的循环体系中氨氮浓度比传统的反硝化体系低4 mmol·L-1.填埋场内铁的生物化学循环过程对于原位脱氮具有极大贡献.     

处理含硫废水的新型催化剂

合成了适合处理含硫废水的固相催化剂,考察了催化剂的稳定性、活性及对实际废水的处理效果,开了含硫废水处理的一条新途径。     

Photocatalytic mechanisms of indoleamine destruction by the quinalphos metabolite 2-hydroxyquinoxaline: a study on melatonin and its precursors serotonin and N-acetylserotonin

The redox-active quinalphos main metabolite, 2-hydroxyquinoxaline, is particularly effective under excitation by light. We have studied the photocatalytic destruction of melatonin and its precursors, because the cytoprotective indoleamine has been detected in high quantities in mammalian skin. In photooxidation reactions, in which melatonin, N-acetylserotonin and serotonin are destroyed by 2-hydroxyquinoxaline, the photocatalyst is virtually not consumed. Rates of melatonin and serotonin destruction are not changed by the singlet oxygen quencher 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane, indicating that this oxygen species is not involved in the primary reactions, so that the persistence of 2-hydroxyquinoxaline has to be explained by redox cycling. This should imply formation of an organic radical, presumably the quinoxaline-2-oxyl radical, from which 2-hydroxyquinoxaline is regenerated by electron abstraction from indolic radical scavengers. Electron donation by 2-hydroxyquinoxaline is demonstrated by reduction of the 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolinyl-6-sulfonic acid) cation radical under ultrasound excitation. The compound 2-hydroxyquinoxaline interacts with the specific superoxide anion scavenger Tiron. Formation of oligomeric products from melatonin and serotonin is strongly inhibited by sodium dithionite. Products from photocatalytic indolamine conversion are predominantly dimers and oligomers. No kynuramines were detected in the case of serotonin oxidation, and melatonin's otherwise prevailing oxidation product N ¹-acetyl-N ²-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, another cytoprotective metabolite, is only formed in relatively small quantities. The proportion between products from melatonin is changed by 1,4-diazabicyclo-(2,2,2)-octane: singlet oxygen, also formed under the influence of excited 2-hydroxyquinoxaline, only affects secondary reactions.     

不同制备温度的水稻生物炭电子交换能力研究

为探究不同热解温度下生物炭的电子交换能力,通过限氧升温炭化法,利用水稻秸秆在不同热解温度条件下制备生物炭,与氧气、铁氰化钾氧化剂和柠檬酸钛还原剂进行氧化还原反应,对生物炭的得电子能力（EAC）和失电子能力（EDC）进行定量分析.结果显示,热解温度对生物炭的电子交换能力有较大影响,随热解温度升高至500℃时,生物炭的EAC和EDC达到最大,分别为3.86,1.72mmol/g高于500℃后,随着温度的增加,EAC和EDC逐渐减小,这是由于生物炭的醌类和酚类官能团的结构改变以及持久性自由基强度变化的联合作用.此外,柠檬酸钛和连二硫酸钠两种氧化还原电位不同的还原剂进一步证实了还原剂电位对生物炭EAC的影响.且生物炭具有氧化还原的可逆性,可逆的EAC与EDC之和近似等于生物炭的电子储存能力.     

Effect of natural organic matter on arsenic release from soils and sediments into groundwater

Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater has received significant attention recently. Natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to the worldwide occurrence of As contamination. As speciation is an important factor related to its toxic and mobile behavior. The release of As from soils and sediments into groundwater is governed by several geophysicochemical processes, of which, As sorption behavior is of principle significance. This review paper summarizes existing information regarding the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) on the fate and mobility of As species in the environment. NOM may enhance the release of As from soils and sediments into the soil solution, thereby facilitating As leaching into the groundwater. The main influencing mechanisms include competition for available adsorption sites, formation of aqueous complexes, and/or changes in the redox potential of site surfaces and As redox speciation. NOM may also serve as binding agents, thereby reducing As mobility. However, comparably little research has been performed on this aspect. Since most investigations have been done on purified minerals under laboratory conditions, further research involving various geological materials under natural environmental conditions is required. Development of proper geochemical conceptual models may provide means of predicting the role of NOM in arsenic leaching and/or immobilization.     

Use of Biotic Community Structure as a Measure of Ecological Degradation

The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref 34     

分光光度法测定COD_(Cr)的试验条件选择

用分光光度法测定水中化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,通过正交试验选择氧化的最佳选择。试验结果表明对ＣＯＤＣｒ值为５０～１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的水样：氧化剂Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７用量为０．２０～０．４０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,催化剂Ａｇ２ＳＯ４用量为１０ｇ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４,消解时间１０ｍｉｎ,加热温度１８０℃。用ＣＯＤＣｒ为１３８ｍｇ／Ｌ的质控标样进行验证试验,其绝对误差为０．５～３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。与标准方法相比用分光光度法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ具有分析误差小,省时、省力,节约药剂的特点。     

COD_(Cr)测定中排除氯离子干扰的进一步探讨

废水中化学需氧量的测定采用重铬酸钾法［１］,大多数情况下都存在Ｃｌ－干扰,其排除方法用ＨｇＳＯ４掩蔽,通过实验探讨不用剧毒药品ＨｇＳＯ４掩蔽Ｃｌ－的干扰,而用ＣＯＤＣｒ总量减去Ｃｌ－的量。实验结果表明：当测定化学需氧量较低而Ｃｌ－含量高的水样时,即使采用掩蔽Ｃｌ－也会产生较大的误差,而用测定值减去０．２２６［Ｃｌ－］之值更接近真值。