Combined influence of food level and inoculation density on competition between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anuraeopsis fissa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachionus patulus</Emphasis> or <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachionus macracanthus</Emphasis> (Rotifera: Brachionidae)

We tested separately the effect of two taxonomically related rotifers (B. patulus and B. macracanthus) on the population dynamics of another species (A. fissa) at low (0.5 ×10 ⁶) and high food levels (1.5 × 10⁶ cells/ml of Chlorella vulgaris) using different inoculation densities (0–100%). We also quantified the impact of A. fissa on the two brachionid species. Regardless of the presence of the competing species, an increase in the availability of food led to increase in the abundances of the three rotifers. The population growth of B. patulus, B. macracanthus, or A. fissa was affected negatively when cultured together with another species. An increase in the initial density of any one of the competing species became advantageous to maintain a certain population size. At a low algal food level, B. patulus was able to suppress A. fissa more strongly than B. macracanthus. On the other hand, at a high food level, B. macracanthus suppressed the population of A. fissa more strongly than B. patulus. Peak population densities for A. fissa varied from about 150 to 1000 ind./ml, depending on food density and the presence of competitors. The rate of population increase (r) of A. fissa, B. patulus, and B. macracanthus increased with an increase in food availability but decreased with increasing initial density of the competitor. Both Brachionus spp. experienced negative growth rates in the presence of A. fissa, especially at a high initial density of the latter. Published in Russian in Ekologiya, 2007, Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 381–390. The article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Mesoporous WO3-graphene photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye under visible light illumination

Advanced oxidation technologies are a friendly environmental approach for the remediation of industrial wastewaters. Here, one pot synthesis of mesoporous WO_3 and WO_3-graphene oxide(GO) nanocomposites has been performed through the sol–gel method. Then, platinum(Pt) nanoparticles were deposited onto the WO_3 and WO_3-GO nanocomposite through photochemical reduction to produce mesoporous Pt/WO_3 and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction(XRD) findings exhibit a formation of monoclinic and triclinic WO_3 phases. Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) images of Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites exhibited that WO_3 nanoparticles are obviously agglomerated and the particle sizes of Pt and WO_3 are ~ 10 nm and 20–50 nm, respectively. The mesoporous Pt/WO_3 and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites were assessed for photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue(MB) as a probe molecule under visible light illumination.The findings showed that mesoporous Pt/WO_3, WO_3-GO and Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites exhibited much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than the pure WO_3. The photodegradation rates by mesoporous Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites are 3, 2 and 1.15 times greater than those by mesoporous WO_3, WO_3-GO, and Pt/WO_3, respectively. The key factors of the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites could be explained by the highly freedom electron transfer through the synergetic effect between WO_3 and GO sheets, in addition to the Pt nanoparticles that act as active sites for O2 reduction, which suppresses the electron hole pair recombination in the Pt/WO_3-GO nanocomposites.     

EDTA和腐殖酸对铜在淡水藻(Scenedesmus subspicatus 86.81 SAG)细胞内外分布的影响

讨论了铜在淡水藻（Scenedesmus subspicatus86.81SAG)细胞壁和细胞内分布规律，以及乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和水体腐殖酸（FA）存在下对铜分布的影响，研究结果表明，EDTA和FA的存在显著降低了细胞表面铜的吸附量，但是不影响细胞内铜的浓度，对测定数据进行分析。可以认为溶液相铜与EDTA或FA形成的铜络合物是生物无效形态，不参与铜在藻细胞壁上特定位点或生物配体的竞争结合反应。     

海洋巨藻生物吸附剂对Hg~(2 )吸附性能的研究

就丰产廉价的海洋巨藻(Durvillaea Potatorum)所制的生物吸附剂对Hg2 的吸附性能进行了研究,该生物吸附剂经特殊的稳定化预处理而得。研究表明,该生物吸附剂的Hg2 吸附容量对溶液的pH值十分敏感,在pH=3时,最大吸附容量达到3.1mmol/g(干重),在溶液pH=0.4～5.0的范围内,Hg2 的吸附容量为0.49—3.1mmol/g(干重);溶液中的C1-能显著地降低生物吸附剂对Hg2 的吸附容量;其对Hg2 的去除率可达到99％以上。该生物吸附剂可以有效地去除工业废水中的Hg2 。     

混凝法在滇池蓝藻暴发期净水除藻的可行性研究

采用精制硫酸铝为混凝剂,L93^4正交法安排滇池蓝藻暴发期混凝沉降除藻除净水工艺实验。结果表明,混凝剂种类、水样pH值对蓝藻去除率有很大影响。研究确定了混凝剂除藻最佳操作条件,为混凝法去除蓝藻的工业化提供了理论和实际操作依据。     

强氧化自由基杀灭压载水微生物的模拟试验研究

在强电离电场作用下,H2O、O2分子发生电离、分解电离和电荷交换反应,在分子层次上加工成高浓度羟基溶液。试验是在每小时处理2t压载水的试验系统进行的。把羟基溶液加入压载水输送管道内,仅距加入点4m长度地方取样检测,当压载水的羟基比值浓度达到0 63mg/L时,原生动物、单胞藻、细菌浓度分别从4 4×104/mL、6 0×104/mL、1 9×105/mL均减少到低于检测方法的最低限;剩余羟基药剂分解成H2O、O2等。从试验数据表明,羟基溶液是治理压载水有效、廉价、无残留物的创新方法。     

固定化酵母菌对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色研究

采用海藻酸钙加活性碳的方法对酵母菌进行固定化。正交试验结果表明，三者合适配比为海藻酸钠3％，活性碳10％，氯化钙4％。此方法制得的凝胶颗粒机械强度好、经久耐用。固定化酵母菌凝胶小球最适条件为：培养时间为48h，培养温度为37℃，培养基pH为3．0，凝胶量为10g。固定化细胞经多次脱色后能重复使用，4次脱色后其脱色率还达79．2％。     

Hydromorphological and socio-cultural assessment of urban rivers to promote nature-based solutions in Jarabacoa,Dominican Republic

In Latin America and the Caribbean, river restoration projects are increasing, but many lack strategic planning and monitoring. We tested the applicability of a rapid visual social–ecological stream assessment method for restoration planning, complemented by a citizen survey on perceptions and uses of blue and green infrastructure. We applied the method at three urban streams in Jarabacoa (Dominican Republic) to identify and prioritize preferred areas for nature-based solutions. The method provides spatially explicit information for strategic river restoration planning, and its efficiency makes it suitable for use in data-poor contexts. It identifies well-preserved, moderately altered, and critically impaired areas regarding their hydromorphological and socio-cultural conditions, as well as demands on green and blue infrastructure. The transferability of the method can be improved by defining reference states for assessing the hydromorphology of tropical rivers, refining socio-cultural parameters to better address river services and widespread urban challenges, and balancing trade-offs between ecological and social restoration goals.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01565-3.     

溴酸盐对水生生物的急性毒性效应

采用标准毒性测试方法,分析了溴酸钾、溴酸钠、溴化钾对水生生态系统中不同营养级生物包括发光菌、绿藻、水蚤、斑马鱼的急性毒性效应.结果表明,3种污染物对发光菌发光强度几乎没有影响,溴酸钾对斜生栅藻的96 h EC50为738.18mg·L-1;对大型蚤和裸腹蚤的48 h EC50分别为154.01 mg·L-1和161.80 mg·L-1,48 h LC50分别为198.52 mg·L-1和175.68mg·L-1;对斑马鱼的96 h LC50为931.4 mg·L-1.溴酸钠对斜生栅藻的96 h EC50为540.26 mg·L-1;对大型蚤和裸腹蚤的48 h EC50分别为127.90 mg·L-1和111.07 mg·L-1,48 h LC50分别为161.80 mg·L-1和123.47 mg·L-1;对斑马鱼的96 h LC50为1 065.6 mg·L-1.而溴化钾对以上几种受试生物的影响远小于溴酸钾和溴酸钠的影响,对比可知引起受试生物产生毒性效应的原因是由溴酸盐引起的.毒性作用规律显示,随着暴露时间的增加,溴酸盐的毒性效应越明显,受试生物对溴酸盐的毒性效应的敏感顺序为:大型蚤、裸腹蚤斜生栅藻斑马鱼普通小球藻、发光菌.     

除草剂百草枯对蓝藻和绿藻的毒性

为评估除草剂百草枯对藻类生态系统的环境毒害效应,测定了百草枯对4株蓝藻:铜绿微囊藻(M.aeruginosa XW01,M.aeruginosa 7806)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp.)、集胞藻(Synechocystis PCC 6803),以及两株绿藻:蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和绿球藻(Chlorococcum sp.472)的毒害效应,采用半效抑制浓度EC5o值、无观察效应浓度(NOEC)、最低观察效应浓度(LOEC)及慢性值(ChV)评价了百草枯对6株藻的毒性.结果表明:蓝藻对百草枯的敏感性显著大于绿藻,蛋白核小球藻的96 h-EC50值是铜绿微囊藻XW01的96 h-EC50值的7.4倍.百草枯毒害作用具有时间效应,暴露时间越长,毒害作用越强.