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31.
PCB removal from contaminated dredged material 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of decontaminating PCB contaminated sediment using land treatment technology. Five glass aquariums were set up to test the disappearance of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in dredged sediment under laboratory conditions that simulated photodegradation, biological transformation, and volatilization in dredged material confined disposal facilities (CDFs). A 40% decline in PCB concentration was achieved over a period of 5 months. Analysis of the variance in the data showed that periodic tilling produced a tangible effect on the disappearance of PCBs. However, the process or processes responsible for PCB disappearance could not be determined. PCB disappearance from the sediment was most likely caused by a combination of photolysis, volatilization, and biodegradation mechanisms rather than by any single process. 相似文献
32.
Michael?J.?W.?StokesburyEmail author Chris?Harvey-Clark Jeffrey?Gallant Barbara?A.?Block Ransom?A.?Myers 《Marine Biology》2005,148(1):159-165
Three Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) were tagged with electronic tags, in Baie St. Pancrace, St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada. One shark was tagged on 23 July 2004, with an acoustic telemetry tag. Two sharks were each tagged with a pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) on 27 August 2004. Two of the sharks remained in or close to the bay, one for 47 days and the other for at least 66 days. The third shark left the bay immediately after tagging on 27 August 2004. This shark entered the main channel of the St. Lawrence Estuary, and had moved 114.9 km upstream by 1 November 2004 when the tag reported to ARGOS satellites. The tags provided a total of 179 days of data on the movement and environmental preferences of Greenland sharks in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Sharks that reported depth and ambient water temperature data from the bay showed significant diel differences in depth preferences and corresponding ambient temperatures. The sharks remained near the bottom of the water column during the day and displayed increased vertical movements at night. The shark that resided in the main channel did not show this pattern, but generally remained at depths between 325 and 352 m. Sharks in the bay experienced water temperatures that ranged from −1.1 to 8.6°C at depths from 0 to 67 m. In the main channel the shark experienced temperatures that ranged from 1.0 to 5.4°C at depths from 132 to 352 m. This is the first report of numerous Greenland sharks inhabiting shallow near shore bays during summer and autumn. 相似文献
33.
G. P. Patil J. A. Bishop W. L. Myers C. Taillie R. Vraney Denice Wardrop 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2004,11(2):139-164
Geographical surveillance for hotspot detection and delineation has become an important area of investigation both in geospatial ecosystem health and in geospatial public health. In order to find critical areas based on synoptic cellular data, geospatial ecosystem health investigations apply recently discovered echelon tools. In order to find elevated rate areas based on synoptic cellular data, geospatial public health investigations apply recently discovered spatial scan statistic tools. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize a joint role for these together in the spirit of a cross-disciplinary cross-fertilization to accomplish more effective and efficient geographical surveillance for hotspot detection and delineation, and early warning system. 相似文献
34.
35.
Carole Di Poi Lauris Evariste Alexis Séguin Antoine Mottier Julie Pedelucq Jean-Marc Lebel Antoine Serpentini Hélène Budzinski Katherine Costil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(6):5002-5018
The bioconcentration potential of fluoxetine (FLX) and its biological effects were investigated in juvenile Pacific oyster exposed for 28 days to environmentally relevant concentrations of FLX (1 ng L?1, 100 ng L?1 and up to 10 μg L?1). FLX bioaccumulated in oyster flesh resulting in 28-day bioconcentration factors greater than 2,000 and 10,000 by referring to wet and dry weights, respectively. Nevertheless, FLX did not induce oyster mortality, delayed gametogenesis, or lead to adverse histopathological alterations. At the two highest concentrations, despite non-optimal trophic conditions, FLX stimulated shell growth but only in a transient manner, suggesting a role of serotonin in the regulation of feeding and metabolism in bivalves. Those high concentrations seemed to drive bell-shaped responses of catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities throughout the exposure period, which may indicate the activation of antioxidant enzyme synthesis and then an enhanced catabolic rate or direct inhibition of those enzymes. However, no clear oxidative stress was detected because no strong differences in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content (i.e. lipid peroxidation) were observed between oyster groups, suggesting that cellular defence mechanisms were effective. These results demonstrate the importance of considering additional biomarkers of oxidative stress to obtain a comprehensive overview of the FLX-induced changes in marine bivalves exposed under realistic conditions. Considering the battery of biomarkers used, FLX appears to induce little or no effects on oyster physiology even at a concentration of 10 μg L?1. These results do not confirm the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported by some authors in other mollusc species. 相似文献
36.
The present purpose is to provide convenient computational capability and visualizations for preliminary partial or progressive
prioritization based largely on concepts of partial order theory and implemented in R software as illustrated in a context of conservation and sustainable stewardship across landscapes with ecosystem services
as a complex multidimensional domain that must be placed in public and private perspective in pursuit of multi-resource management.
Practical perspective is promoted by graphic visualization with local partial order modeling (LPOM) methods for screening
of settings and scenarios involving interactions of ecosystem elements as evidenced by environmental indicators. ORDIT ordering
and precedence plots arise from ascribed advantage as an outcome of a rating regime. Representative ranks constitute criteria
drawn from the rank distribution for the case in question. Distal data are determined with regard to remediation and retention.
Median mismatches reflect interplay of indicators appearing as isolated instances in plotting patterns. A suggested strategy
to circumvent computational constraints is partitioning the pool of cases into collectives by clustering, pursuing classes
of partitions, and then prioritizing in particular partitions. When prime prospects have been obtained, detailed determinations
can be done with partial ordering procedures involving Hasse diagrams and similarly complex constructs that are difficult
to apply with many cases and/or indicator criteria. 相似文献
37.
Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sybil P. Seitzinger Uno Svedin Carole L. Crumley Will Steffen Saiful Arif Abdullah Christine Alfsen Wendy J. Broadgate Frank Biermann Ninad R. Bondre John A. Dearing Lisa Deutsch Shobhakar Dhakal Thomas Elmqvist Neda Farahbakhshazad Owen Gaffney Helmut Haberl Sandra Lavorel Cheikh Mbow Anthony J. McMichael Joao M. F. deMorais Per Olsson Patricia Fernanda Pinho Karen C. Seto Paul Sinclair Mark Stafford Smith Lorraine Sugar 《Ambio》2012,41(8):787-794
Cities are rapidly increasing in importance as a major factor shaping the Earth system, and therefore, must take corresponding responsibility. With currently over half the world’s population, cities are supported by resources originating from primarily rural regions often located around the world far distant from the urban loci of use. The sustainability of a city can no longer be considered in isolation from the sustainability of human and natural resources it uses from proximal or distant regions, or the combined resource use and impacts of cities globally. The world’s multiple and complex environmental and social challenges require interconnected solutions and coordinated governance approaches to planetary stewardship. We suggest that a key component of planetary stewardship is a global system of cities that develop sustainable processes and policies in concert with its non-urban areas. The potential for cities to cooperate as a system and with rural connectivity could increase their capacity to effect change and foster stewardship at the planetary scale and also increase their resource security. 相似文献
38.
Mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PXDD/PXDFs, X = Br, Cl) are formed through combustion processes, and may be more toxic than their corresponding chlorinated and brominated analogues. With 4600 potential congeners, limited analytical standards, and complex environmental matrices, PXDD/PXDFs present a significant analytical challenge. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) offers both selectivity and sensitivity through multiple reaction monitoring of unique transitions in a novel approach to PXDD/PXDF congener identification. Method validation was performed through analysis of soil samples obtained from a recycling plant fire. Of the PXDD/PXDFs examined, monobromo-dichlorodibenzofuran was the most prevalent, ranging in concentration from 8.6 ng g−1 to 180 ng g−1. Dibromo-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, a compound of toxicological concern, ranged from 0.41 ng g−1 to 10 ng g−1. Concentrations of PXDD/PXDFs were between 6% and 10% that of the corresponding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs), with the exception of dibromo-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin concentrations, which were 36% that of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Higher levels of polybrominated PXDD/PXDFs may indicate a significant bromine source was present during combustion. 相似文献
39.
Gismondi E Rigaud T Beisel JN Cossu-Leguille C 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2012,160(1):17-23
Microsporidia parasites are commonly found in amphipods, where they are often asymptomatic, vertically-transmitted and have several effects on host sexuality and behaviour. As amphipods are often used as models in ecotoxicological studies, we investigated the effect of microsporidian infections on energy reserves and defence capacities of Gammarus roeseli under cadmium stress. Only females were infected by two microsporidia parasites: Dictyocoela roeselum or Dictyocoela muelleri. In physiological conditions, microsporidia had no major effect on energy reserves and defence capacities of G.?roeseli, while under cadmium exposure, energy reserves and antioxidant defence were weaker in infected females. Moreover, higher malondialdehyde levels detected in infected females revealed that they suffered more cellular damages. Our results suggest that microsporidia may affect gammarid fitness in stressful conditions, when parasitic stress cannot be compensated by the host. Consequently, microsporidia parasites should be a factor necessary to take into account in ecotoxicology studies involving amphipods. 相似文献
40.
Paul E. Rider Carole C. Rider Robert N. Corning 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1011-1013
One of the more common and useful methods of testing for SO2 in the atmosphere is to use the Huey sulfation plate.1 It has a layer of PbÕ2 particles suspended in an inert substrate which reacts with ambient SO2 gas to form PbSÛ4. The amount of PbSÛ4 can be determined by gravimetric, spec-trophotometric, or turbidimetric methods. The amount of atmospheric SO2 is estimated by assuming a linear correlation between it and measured PbS04 on the plate. 相似文献