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排序方式: 共有644条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
David M. Lapola José Maria C. da Silva Diego R. Braga Larissa Carpigiani Fernanda Ogawa Roger R. Torres Luis C. F. Barbosa Jean P. H. B. Ometto Carlos A. Joly 《Conservation biology》2020,34(2):427-437
Brazil hosts the largest expanse of tropical ecosystems within protected areas (PAs), which shelter biodiversity and support traditional human populations. We assessed the vulnerability to climate change of 993 terrestrial and coastal-marine Brazilian PAs by combining indicators of climatic-change hazard with indicators of PA resilience (size, native vegetation cover, and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition). This combination of indicators allows the identification of broad climate-change adaptation pathways. Seventeen PAs (20,611 km2) were highly vulnerable and located mainly in the Atlantic Forest (7 PAs), Cerrado (6), and the Amazon (4). Two hundred fifty-eight PAs (756,569 km2), located primarily in Amazonia, had a medium vulnerability. In the Amazon and western Cerrado, the projected severe climatic change and probability of climate-driven vegetation transition drove vulnerability up, despite the generally good conservation status of PAs. Over 80% of PAs of high or moderate vulnerability are managed by indigenous populations. Hence, besides the potential risks to biodiversity, the traditional knowledge and livelihoods of the people inhabiting these PAs may be threatened. In at least 870 PAs, primarily in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, adaptation could happen with little or no intervention due to low climate-change hazard, high resilience status, or both. At least 20 PAs in the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Amazonia should be targeted for stronger interventions (e.g., improvement of ecological connectivity), given their low resilience status. Despite being a first attempt to link vulnerability and adaptation in Brazilian PAs, we suggest that some of the PAs identified as highly or moderately vulnerable should be prioritized for testing potential adaptation strategies in the near future. 相似文献
2.
Patricia Blanco-Piñeiro M. Pino Díaz-Pereira Aurora Martínez Vidal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(2):316-323
Objective. Bad posture increases the risk that a musician may suffer from musculoskeletal disorders. This study compared posture quality required by different instruments or families of instruments. Methods. Using an ad-hoc postural observation instrument embracing 11 postural variables, four experts evaluated the postures of 100 students attending a Spanish higher conservatory of music. Results. The agreement of the experts’ evaluations was statistically confirmed by a Cohen's κ value between 0.855 and 1.000 and a Kendall value between 0.709 and 1.000 (p?0.001 in all cases). Moreover, χ2 tests revealed significant association between instrument families and seated posture with respect to pelvic attitude, dorsal curvature and head alignment in both sagittal and frontal planes. This analysis also showed an association between instrument families and standing posture with respect to the frontal plane of the axis of gravity, pelvic attitude, head alignment in the frontal plane, the sagittal plane of the shoulders and overall posture. Conclusions. While certain postural defects appear to be common to all families of instruments, others are more characteristic of some families than others. The instrument associated with the best posture quality was the bagpipe, followed by percussion and strings. 相似文献
3.
Algarve Thaís Doeler Assmann Charles Elias Cadoná Francine Carla Machado Alencar Kolinski Manica-Cattani Maria Fernanda Sato-Miyata Yukiko Asano Tsunaki Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Ribeiro Euler Esteves Aigaki Toshiro da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15069-15083
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well-known environmental pollutant associated with neurological and developmental deficits in animals and humans. However,... 相似文献
4.
María Pía Areal M. Lorena Arciniegas Fernanda Horst Verónica Lassalle Francisco H. Sánchez Vera A. Alvarez Jimena S. Gonzalez 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(8):3129-3138
Scientific and technological researches are devoted to obtain materials capable of retaining different kinds of pollutants, contributing to contamination solutions. In this context, hydrogels have emerged as great candidates because of their excellent absorption properties as well as good mechanical, thermal and chemical properties. More specifically, ferrogels (magnetic gels) present the extra advantage of being easily manipulated by a permanent magnet. Here, we present the results derived from the application of ferrogels as efficient tools to extract heavy metal pollutants from wastewater samples. The gels were prepared following the method of freezing and thawing of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with magnetic nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid. Ferrogels were fully characterized and their ability to retain Cu2+ and Cd2+, as model heavy metals, was studied. Thus kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption were evaluated and modeled. The concentration of MNPs on the PVA matrix was key to improve the adsorption capability (approximately the double of retention is improved by the MNPs addition). The adsorption kinetics was determined as pseudo-second order model, whereas the Langmuir model was the most appropriate to explain the behavior of the gels. Finally reuse ability was evaluated to determine the real potential of these materials, the ferrogels demonstrated high efficiency up to about five cycles, retaining about 80–90% of their initial adsorption capability. All the results indicated that the materials are promising candidates able to compete with the commercial technology regarding to water remediation. 相似文献
5.
Goemeone E. J Mogomotsi Patricia K Mogomotsi Reniko Gondo Tshenolo J Madigele 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2018,16(2):171-180
Cultural heritage does not have direct economic benefits. However, if properly managed it can stimulate social cohesions, improving the environment and have beneficial economic spin offs for the local communities. This paper discusses the role of communities in the formulation of the policies concerning their local environment. It argues that community engagement by policy makers is important in giving legitimacy and ownership of the policies. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential of cultural heritage in diversifying the economy in Botswana. This paper recommends for the re-assessment of the relationship between the state and local communities which is critical in resuscitating the seemingly ailing community business organizations. In conclusion, it argues for the sustainable management of cultural heritage as a social and economic resource in the next 50 years of Botswana’s independence. 相似文献
6.
7.
Badreddine Sellami Hela Louati Mohamed Dellali Patricia Aissa Ezzeddine Mahmoudi Ana Varela Coelho David Sheehan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4461-4472
The effects of permethrin (PER) on a panel of antoxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and indices of protein oxidation status (carbonylation and free thiols) were determined in digestive gland and gills of the clam Ruditapes decussatus. Animals were exposed to 100 ppb PER for 2 days. These enzyme activities increased significantly in digestive gland (p?<?0.05) after PER treatment and oxidative modification of proteins was detected in both gill and digestive gland extracts using redox proteomics. PER exposure significantly reduced the amount of protein free thiol groups in digestive gland rather than in gill, when compared to controls. Conversely, digestive gland showed significantly higher levels of carbonylated proteins than gill after PER exposure. Some proteins were successfully identified by mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides. Our data suggest that digestive gland of R. decussatus can be used as a model tissue for investigating environmental risk of PER contamination. 相似文献
8.
Community metabolism in a deep (stratified) tropical reservoir during a period of high water-level fluctuations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Patricia M. Valdespino-Castillo Martín Merino-Ibarra Jorge Jiménez-Contreras Fermín S. Castillo-Sandoval Jorge A. Ramírez-Zierold 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(10):6505-6520
As long as lakes and reservoirs are an important component of the global carbon cycle, monitoring of their metabolism is required, especially in the tropics. In particular, the response of deep reservoirs to water-level fluctuations (WLF) is an understudied field. Here, we study community metabolism through oxygen dynamics in a deep monomictic reservoir where high WLF (~10 m) have recently occurred. Simultaneous monitoring of environmental variables and zooplankton dynamics was used to assess the effects of WLF on the metabolism of the eutrophic Valle de Bravo (VB) reservoir, where cyanobacteria blooms are frequent. Mean gross primary production (P g) was high (2.2 g C m?2 day?1), but temporal variation of P g was low except for a drastic reduction during circulation attributed to zooplankton grazing. The trophogenic layer showed net autotrophy on an annual basis, but turned to net heterotrophy during mixing, and furthermore when the whole water-column oxygen balance was calculated, considering the aphotic respiration (R aphotic). The high total respiration resulting (3.1 g C m?2 day?1) is considered to be partly due to mixing enhanced by WLF. Net ecosystem production was equivalent to a net export of 3.4 mg CO2?m?2 day?1 to the atmosphere. Low water levels are posed to intensify boundary-mixing events driven by the wind during the stratification in VB. Long-term monitoring showed changes in the planktonic community and a strong silicon decrease that matched with low water-level periods. The effects of low water-level on metabolism and planktonic community in VB suggest that water-level manipulation could be a useful management tool to promote phytoplankton groups other than cyanobacteria. 相似文献
9.
William S. Fisher Leska S. Fore Leah M. Oliver Charles Lobue Robert Quarles Jed Campbell Peggy Harris Becky Hemmer Sherry Vickery Mel Parsons Aaron Hutchins Kent Bernier Danny Rodriguez Patricia Bradley 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7165-7181
States may protect coral reefs using biological water quality standards outlined by the Clean Water Act. This requires biological assessments with indicators sensitive to human disturbance and regional, probability-based survey designs. Stony coral condition was characterized on a regional scale for the first time in the nearshore waters of the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Coral composition, abundance, size, and health were assessed at 66 stations in the St. Croix region in fall 2007 and at 63 stations in the St. Thomas and St. John region in winter 2009. Indicators were chosen for their sensitivity to human disturbance. Both surveys were probability-based (random) designs with station locations preselected from areas covered by hardbottom and coral reef substrate. Taxa richness was as high as 21 species but more than half the area of both regions exhibited taxa richness of <10 species in the 25 m2 transect area. Coral density was as high as 5 colonies m?2 but more than half the area of both regions had <2 colonies m?2. Both regions showed similar dominant species based on frequency of occurrence and relative abundance. Because of large colony sizes, Montastrea annularis provided more total surface area and live surface area than more abundant species. The surveys establish baseline regional conditions and provide a foundation for long-term regional monitoring envisioned by the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources. The probabilistic sampling design assures the data can be used in Clean Water Act reporting. 相似文献
10.
Paul Beier Patricia Sutcliffe Jan Hjort Daniel P. Faith Robert L. Pressey Fabio Albuquerque 《Conservation biology》2015,29(3):668-679
Because conservation planners typically lack data on where species occur, environmental surrogates—including geophysical settings and climate types—have been used to prioritize sites within a planning area. We reviewed 622 evaluations of the effectiveness of abiotic surrogates in representing species in 19 study areas. Sites selected using abiotic surrogates represented more species than an equal number of randomly selected sites in 43% of tests (55% for plants) and on average improved on random selection of sites by about 8% (21% for plants). Environmental diversity (ED) (42% median improvement on random selection) and biotically informed clusters showed promising results and merit additional testing. We suggest 4 ways to improve performance of abiotic surrogates. First, analysts should consider a broad spectrum of candidate variables to define surrogates, including rarely used variables related to geographic separation, distance from coast, hydrology, and within‐site abiotic diversity. Second, abiotic surrogates should be defined at fine thematic resolution. Third, sites (the landscape units prioritized within a planning area) should be small enough to ensure that surrogates reflect species’ environments and to produce prioritizations that match the spatial resolution of conservation decisions. Fourth, if species inventories are available for some planning units, planners should define surrogates based on the abiotic variables that most influence species turnover in the planning area. Although species inventories increase the cost of using abiotic surrogates, a modest number of inventories could provide the data needed to select variables and evaluate surrogates. Additional tests of nonclimate abiotic surrogates are needed to evaluate the utility of conserving nature's stage as a strategy for conservation planning in the face of climate change. 相似文献