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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 296 毫秒
61.
Kambe Y Yoshii Y Takahashi K Tonokura K 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(3):944-950
Measurements of the local distribution of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) by long-path pulsed differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-PDOAS) in Tokyo during August 2008 are presented. Two LP-PDOAS systems simultaneously measured average NO(2) temporal mixing ratios along two different paths from a single observation point. Two flashing aviation obstruction lights, located 7.0 km north and 6.3 km east from the observation point, were used as light sources, allowing spatiotemporal variations of NO(2) in Tokyo to be inferred. The LP-PDOAS data were compared with ground-based data measured using chemiluminescence. Surface wind data indicated that large inhomogeneities were present in the spatial NO(2) distributions under southerly wind conditions, while northerly wind conditions displayed greater homogeneity between the two systems. The higher correlation in the NO(2) mixing ratio between the two LP-PDOAS systems was observed under northerly wind conditions with a correlation factor R(2) = 0.88. We demonstrated that the combined deployment of two LP-PDOAS systems oriented in different directions provides detailed information on the spatial distribution of NO(2). 相似文献
62.
Nguyen Cao Don Hiroyuki Araki Nguyen Thi Minh Hang Hiroyuki Yamanishi Kenichi Koga 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):219-231
Groundwater is an important resource in the alluvial coastal lowland plains. In the Shiroishi lowland plain, southwestern
Kyushu Island of Japan, land subsidence due to groundwater development has long been recognized as an environmental issue.
Land subsidence can have several negative economic and social implications. In this study, an integrated numerical groundwater
and land subsidence model, which combines a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and a one-dimensional soil
consolidation model, was used to simulate the dynamic groundwater flow and ground subsidence due to pumping. On the other
hand, a groundwater optimization model was also formulated to search for an optimal safe yield of groundwater pumping without
violating physical, environmental, social-economic constraints. The model results reveal that groundwater levels in the aquifers
greatly vary from season to season in response to varying climatic and pumping conditions. Consequently, land subsidence has
rapidly occurred throughout the area with the central prone in Shiroishi plain. The study also proposes a countermeasure against
subsiding process in the area by means of numerical models. The optimization model result suggests that pumping can be increased
in the northern part of the study area without leading to significant land subsidence. 相似文献
63.
Trends in waste plastics and recycling 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tadao Kasakura Reiji Noda Kenichi Hashiudo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):33-37
Zero emission is an ambitious project aimed at the conversion of the conventional top-down or one-directional flow type production
systems of modern society to those of a recycling type. The basic idea underlying this project is to understand in detail
the material flow mechanism in a particular segment of society and to evaluate the transformability of the hitherto one-directional
types of process into recycling types. The authors, members of the Zero-Emission Research Group of Japan, are investigating
the material flow of plastics in Japan. The present work describes the features of this project, as well as the results obtained
so far.
Received: May 28, 1998 / Accepted: October 16, 1998 相似文献
64.
The significance of heterogeneity on mass flux from DNAPL source zones: an experimental investigation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Understanding the process of mass transfer from source zones of aquifers contaminated with organic chemicals in the form of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) is of importance in site management and remediation. A series of intermediate-scale tank experiments was conducted to examine the influence of aquifer heterogeneity on DNAPL mass transfer contributing to dissolved mass emission from source zone into groundwater under natural flow before and after remediation. A Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) spill was performed into six source zone models of increasing heterogeneity, and both the spatial distribution of the dissolution behavior and the net effluent mass flux were examined. Experimentally created initial PCE entrapment architecture resulting from the PCE migration was largely influenced by the coarser sand lenses and the PCE occupied between 30 and 60% of the model aquifer depth. The presence of DNAPL had no apparent effect on the bulk hydraulic conductivity of the porous media. Up to 71% of PCE mass in each of the tested source zone was removed during a series of surfactant flushes, with associated induced PCE mobilization responsible for increasing vertical DNAPL distributions. Effluent mass flux due to water dissolution was also found to increase progressively due to the increase in NAPL-water contact area even though the PCE mass was reduced. Doubling of local groundwater flow velocities showed negligible rate-limited effects at the scale of these experiments. Thus, mass transfer behavior was directly controlled by the morphology of DNAPL within each source zone. Effluent mass flux values were normalized by the up-gradient DNAPL distributions. For the suite of aquifer heterogeneities and all remedial stages, normalized flux values fell within a narrow band with mean of 0.39 and showed insensitivity to average source zone saturations. 相似文献
65.
Knighton WB Herndon SC Shorter JH Miake-Lye RC Zahniser MS Akiyama K Shimono A Kitasaka K Shimajiri H Sugihara K 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(11):1370-1378
We demonstrate the use of an aldehyde scrubber system to resolve isobaric aldehyde/alkene interferences in a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) by selectively removing the aldehydes from the gas mixture without loss of quantitative information for the alkene components. The aldehyde scrubber system uses a bisulfite solution, which scrubs carbonyl compounds from the gas stream by forming water-soluble carbonyl bisulfite addition products, and has been evaluated using a synthetic mixture of acrolein and isoprene. Trapping efficiencies of acrolein exceeded 97%, whereas the transmission efficiency of isoprene was better than 92%. Quantification of the PTR-MS response to acrolein was validated through an intercomparison study that included two derivatization methods, dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and O-(4-cyano-2-ethoxybenzyl)hydroxylamine (CNET), and a spectroscopic method using a quantum cascade laser infrared absorption spectroscopy (QCL) instrument. Finally, using cigarette smoke as a complex matrix, the acrolein content was assessed using the scrubber and compared with direct QCL-based detection. 相似文献
66.
Kazuya Mimura Masayuki Endo Yoko Kawanishi Takeshi Kanagawa Kouji Nagata Keita Terui Makoto Fujii Masayuki Shiraishi Masaya Yamoto Miharu Ito Atsuo Itakura Hiroomi Okuyama Noriaki Usui the Japanese Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Study Group 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):993-1001
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with prenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We reviewed the literature up to December 19, 2022 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles, comparative studies of CDH neonates delivered at an early term (37–38 weeks of gestation) and at full term (39 weeks of gestation or later), and comparative studies investigating outcomes of CDH neonates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including 985 neonates delivered at an early term and 629 delivered at full term. The cumulative rate of survival to discharge showed no significant difference between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (395/515; 76.7%) or at full term (345/467; 73.9%) (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89–1.16; p = 0.85). Furthermore, the number of neonates requiring oxygen therapy at discharge was not significantly different between CDH neonates delivered at an early term (32/370; 8.6%) and at full term (14/154; 9.1%) (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.36–2.70; p = 0.99). Therefore, the optimal timing of delivery at term for neonates with CDH remains unclear. 相似文献
67.
Asano R Kubori K Ozutsumi Y Yamamoto N Otrawa K Nakai Y 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2011,46(2):122-127
Livestock manure is suitable for use as a composting material. However, various intestinal microbes, such as Escherichia coli, are significant components of such manures. Thus, it is desirable that the level of intestinal microbes, and particularly opportunistic pathogens, in compost is inspected and counted regularly. The sensitivity and specificity of detection of E. coli in compost have been improved by selective cultivation followed by colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the ECO primer. Indeed, the sensitivity of this method is higher than that of DNA extraction from compost and PCR. In this study, changes in numbers of E. coli present in a field-scale composting process over time was assessed using selective cultivation and colony PCR. Numbers of ECO-positive colonies after 24 h decreased, with a concomitant rise in compost temperature. ECO-positive colonies were not detected from 33 to 48 h. However, ECO-positive colony numbers increased beginning on day 4 and continuing until day 42. Thus, it seems likely that the high temperatures reached during the composting process did not affect E. coli numbers in the final compost. Additionally, selective cultivation followed by colony PCR using specific primers is an appropriate method of determining levels of cultivable pathogens in composted materials. 相似文献
68.
69.
Organochlorine and organotin compounds in Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) collected during an unusual mortality event in the Caspian Sea in 2000 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kajiwara N Niimi S Watanabe M Ito Y Takahashi S Tanabe S Khuraskin LS Miyazaki N 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,117(3):391-402
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides and organotin compounds were determined in the blubber and liver of Caspian seals (Phoca caspica) found stranded on the coast of the Caspian Sea during an outbreak of canine distemper virus (CDV) in 2000. Among organochlorines analyzed, DDTs were the most dominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 6.3 to 470 microg/g on a lipid-weight basis. Caspian seals collected in 2000 during the epizootic had higher concentrations of organochlorines than healthy individuals sampled in 1998. However, the blubber layer was generally thinner in the seals collected in 2000 than those in the previous surveys. Although compositions of organochlorine pesticides in seals suggested that the contamination status in the Caspian Sea is improving, the levels found in Caspian seals in 2000 were comparable to those in other marine mammals that have suffered from epizootics. This implies that the present status of contamination found in Caspian seals poses a risk of immunosuppression. Concentrations of butyltin compounds in livers of seals ranged from 0.49 to 17 ng/g on a wet-weight basis and octyltin compounds were below limit of detection in all the samples analyzed, suggesting less contamination by organotin compounds in the Caspian Sea. 相似文献
70.
The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of seven new aryl fluoroalkyl ethers--four bis-4-tetrafluoroethoxyphenyl-type (bis-type) compounds and three mono-4-tetrafluoroethoxyphenyl-type (mono-type) compounds--were obtained by bioconcentration tests using common carp. The BCFs of 4 of the 7 ethers were higher than 5000, indicating their high bioconcentration potential. The bioconcentration characteristics of the bis-type compounds were different from those of the mono-type compounds and non-fluoro diphenylmethanes with a similar skeleton structure to the bis-type compounds, in taking longer to reach a plateau and having a slower elimination rate and in their distribution patterns in the fish body. The BCF of 1 bis-type compound was much higher than the value predicted by an accepted correlation equation between BCF and P(ow). In addition, the logP(ow) of the bis-type compounds calculated by commercially available computer software was remarkably different from that measured. 相似文献