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121.
Maria das Graças Alonso de Oliveira Jean Nunes dos Santos Patrícia Ramos Cury Victor Hugo Pereira da Silva Nara Rejane Cruz Oliveira Ricardo da Costa Padovani Adriana Marcassa Tucci Daniel Araki Ribeiro 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5760-5764
The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate genomic damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from crack cocaine users by micronucleus test. A total of 30 crack cocaine users and 30 health controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative, and dropped in clean slides, which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. The results pointed out significant statistical differences (p?<?0.05) of micronucleated oral mucosa cells from crack cocaine users. Exposure to crack cocaine caused an increase of other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity such as karyolysis in oral cells as well. In summary, these data indicate that crack cocaine is able to induce chromosomal breakage and cellular death in oral mucosa cells of users. 相似文献
122.
Elaine S. Carvalho Rubén J. Sánchez Maria I. B. Tavares álano C. Lam?nica 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(4):661-667
The chemical modification of Acrylamidomethyl Cellulose Acetate Propionate (AMCAP) was carried out by radical addition of
acrylic acid. The structural modification was confirmed with the aid of FTIR, MS and NMR techniques. Thermal properties of
hydrophilic cellulose derivative (AMCAP–H2O2) such as glass transition (Tg 153 °C) and thermal stability (372.7 °C) were determined by DSC and TGA techniques, respectively. These thermal properties
confirmed the introduction of carboxylic groups into AMCAP structure, which causes an impact in their properties. The AMCAP–H2O2 shows minor contact angle compared to AMCAP, giving a more hydrophilic characteristic, due to acrylic acid addition into
the side chains of AMCAP polymer. 相似文献
123.
124.
Maria A. L. Milhome Lucélia K. de Lima Crisiana de A. Nobre Francisco de A. F. Lima Ronaldo F. do Nascimento 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):786-792
AbstractThis study investigates the oxidation of trifluralin residues during ozonation in aqueous and food matrices (tomato). Domestic ozonation equipment with average production of 23.9?mg O3 L?1 h?1 was used in the tests. Modern chromatographic systems (SPME-GC-IT/MS/MS and QuEChERS-GC-IT/MS/MS) were applied for extraction and detection of trifluralin residue in fortified samples of ultrapure water, tap water, superficial water and tomato fruit. The samples were submitted to the ozonation process during 0, 5, 10 and 20?min. Treatment at 5?min was able to degrade 71.5% of herbicide trifluralin in surface water. The removal (%) in ultrapure water reached 83.4% after 20?min of ozonation. The degradation of trifluralin in fortified tomato samples (0.025–0.1?mg kg?1) were conducted with ozonation at 20?min, and it ranged from 84.4 to 92.7%. After treatment, levels of trifluralin in tomato remained within the established MRLs to EU, USEPA and ANVISA (Brazil). The data provided evidence that ozone is effective for removing trace trifluralin from water and foods. 相似文献
125.
Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater in Queensland, Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lars Herngren Godwin A. Ayoko Maria M.M. Mostert 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2848-2856
This paper reports the distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wash-off in urban stormwater in Gold Coast, Australia. Runoff samples collected from residential, industrial and commercial sites were separated into a dissolved fraction (<0.45 μm), and three particulate fractions (0.45-75 μm, 75-150 μm and >150 μm). Patterns in the distribution of PAHs in the fractions were investigated using Principal Component Analysis. Regardless of the land use and particle size fraction characteristics, the presence of organic carbon plays a dominant role in the distribution of PAHs. The PAHs concentrations were also found to decrease with rainfall duration. Generally, the 1- and 2-year average recurrence interval rainfall events were associated with the majority of the PAHs and the wash-off was a source limiting process. In the context of stormwater quality mitigation, targeting the initial part of the rainfall event is the most effective treatment strategy. The implications of the study results for urban stormwater quality management are also discussed. 相似文献
126.
K. Thomas Klasson Isabel M. Lima Larry L. Boihem Lynda H. Wartelle 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2466-2470
Increased emphasis on reduction of mercury emissions from coal fired electric power plants has resulted in environmental regulations that may in the future require application of activated carbons as mercury sorbents for mercury removal. At the same time, the quantity of poultry manure generated each year is large and technologies that take advantage of the material should be explored. The purpose of the work was to obtain preliminary data to investigate if activated chars made from different poultry manures could adsorb mercury from simulated flue gas. In laboratory experiments, activated chars made from chicken cake and litter removed mercury from the gas as well as a commercial alternative. It was also found that acid-washing these chars after activation may improve pore structure but does not influence the mercury removal efficiency. Activated chars were also made from turkey cake and litter. These raw materials produced activated chars with similar pore structure as those made from chicken manure, but they did not adsorb mercury as well. Acid-washing the turkey manure-based chars improved their performance, but this step would add to the cost of production. Preliminary evaluations suggest that unwashed activated chars may cost as little as $0.95/kg to produce. 相似文献
127.
Iram Mohmood Cláudia Batista Lopes Isabel Lopes Iqbal Ahmad Armando C. Duarte Eduarda Pereira 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1239-1260
Water scarcity is being recognized as a present and future threat to human activity and as a consequence water purification technologies are gaining major attention worldwide. Nanotechnology has many successful applications in different fields but recently its application for water and wastewater treatment has emerged as a fast-developing, promising area. This review highlights the recent advances on the development of nanoscale materials and processes for treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater that are contaminated by toxic metals, organic and inorganic compounds, bacteria and viruses. In addition, the toxic potential of engineered nanomaterials for human health and the environment will also be discussed. 相似文献
128.
Result-oriented approaches to the management of drinking water catchments in agricultural landscapes
Alexander Wezel Maria Zipfer Christine Aubry Fabienne Barataud Alois Heißenhuber 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(2):183-202
Management of water quality in drinking water catchments is of ongoing, high importance as nitrate concentrations are often still very high. We analysed the Augsburg catchment in Germany, a unique example where a result-oriented approach has been implemented. We investigated the historical evolution of the water protection programme, the result-oriented payment contracts with farmers, and farmer satisfaction with the contracts, based on interviews with the water utility and farmers as well as an analysis of the literature. Today, the water protection programme has been successfully implemented, and a significant reduction of nitrate concentration was achieved due to the following factors: (1) investment of non-negligible amounts of money for high compensation and remuneration payments, (2) different contract options, (3) farmers’ participation in the negotiation process for result-oriented payment contracts, (4) involvement of “outside” people and institutions in negotiation processes, (5) anticipation of starting a programme when nitrate levels were still far below legislative thresholds, and (6) a political and legislative framework allowing direct decisions by a water supplier. 相似文献
129.
130.
Ernesto Gramsch Isabel Ormeño Guillermo Palma Francisco Cereceda-Balic Pedro Oyola 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):799-808
Abstract The optical absorption coefficient, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, and elemental carbon (EC) have been measured simultaneously during winter and spring of 2000 in the western part of Santiago, Chile (Pudahuel district). The optical measurements were carried out with a low-cost instrument recently developed at the University of Santiago. From the data, a site-specific mass absorption coefficient of 4.45 ± 0.01 m2/g has been found for EC. In addition, a mass absorption coefficient of 1.02 ± 0.03 m2/g has been obtained for PM2.5. These coefficients can be used during the colder months (May-August) to obtain EC concentration or PM2.5 from a measurement of the light absorption coefficient (σa). The high correlation that has been found between these variables indicates that σa is a good indicator of the degree of contamination of urbanized areas. The data also show an increase in PM2.5 and EC concentration during winter and an increase in the ratio of EC to PM2.5. When the EC/PM2.5 ratio is calculated during rush hour (7:00 a.m.-11:00 a.m.) and during part of the night (9:00 p.m.-2:00 a.m.), it is found that the increase is caused by higher concentration levels of EC at night. These results suggest that the rise in the EC concentration is caused by emissions from heating and air mass transport of pollution from other parts of the city, while traffic contribution remains approximately constant. 相似文献