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991.
Carolina Lourencetti Mary R. R. De Marchi Maria L. Ribeiro 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):949-958
This study reports the influence of sugar cane vinasse on the persistence, sorption and leaching potential of diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), hexazinone (3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione) and tebuthiuron (1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea) in both a clay and sandy soil from a tropical area of Brazil. The experiments were conducted out under controlled laboratory conditions. The addition of sugarcane vinasse to soil influenced the persistence and sorption of the herbicides in both the studied clay and sandy soils, with a considerable decrease in the diuron DT50 values in clay soil. The Ground Water Ubiquity Score (GUS) Index classifies the herbicides as leachers in both soils and treatments, with the exception of diuron, which is classified as a non-leacher in clay soil-vinasse and as a transient herbicide in sandy soil. These results suggest that special attention should be given to areas such as those where the sandy soil was collected in this study, which is a recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer and is likely to experience groundwater contamination due to the high leaching potential of the applied pesticides. 相似文献
992.
993.
Elisabeth Krausmann Ana Maria Cruz Bastien Affeltranger 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2010,23(2):242-248
This study describes the results of a field trip to the area affected by the 12 May, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake to analyse its impact on industrial facilities. The damage severity correlates well with the age of the plant, with older facilities having suffered more extensive and severe damage than those built more recently according to the latest design codes. The main cause of worker death and injury was the collapse of warehouses, office and manufacturing buildings. This concerned mostly concrete structures with insufficient confinement or poor reinforcement. The falling debris resulted in equipment damage and loss, as well as pipe severing and crushing. Pipes were also severed or bent when connected tanks were displaced or buildings collapsed. Numerous hazardous-materials releases occurred with spills being the dominant accident scenario. In some sites soil–liquefaction induced damage was evident, highlighting the need to consider potential site effects when selecting the location for a facility. The impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on chemical facilities confirms the findings from other earthquakes in terms of typical Natech damage and failure modes, as well as of hazardous-materials release potential and mechanisms. 相似文献
994.
Kelly KE Jaramillo IC Quintero-Núñez M Wagner DA Collins K Meuzelaar HL Lighty JS 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2010,60(12):1476-1486
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) currently classifies Imperial County, CA, as a nonattainment area for PM10 (particulate matter [PM] < or = 10 microm in diameter), and this region suffers from high rates of chronic bronchitis and childhood asthma. Although high annual and daily average PM levels can have negative health and economic effects, recent studies have identified an association between adverse health effects and short-term PM spikes of tens of micrograms per cubic meter. This study identified PM episodes in Calexico/Mexicali that involve PM concentration spikes with concentrations up to 10 times greater than those reported to cause adverse health effects. These episodes appear to be relatively common during the winter months, are associated with wind speeds below 2 m/sec and stable boundary level heights below 500 m, and can comprise a large portion of the 24-hr PM levels. The organic composition of the PM10 samples collected during the low-wind/ high-PM episodes differed from that collected at other times. However, a preliminary source attribution identified only one significant difference between the source classes: agricultural burning accounted for 6.7% of organic-fraction PM10 for low-wind/high-PM episodes versus 0.25% at other times. This preliminary source attribution also revealed that motor vehicles were the most important relative contributor to organic PM10. 相似文献
995.
Enrique González Ferradás Marta Doval Miñarro Isabel María Morales Terrés Francisco José Marzal Martínez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(21-22):2640-2645
EC Directive 2008/50/CE on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe specifies the obligations of Member States regarding fixed measurements of atmospheric pollutants in areas where maximum concentration levels exceed the lower assessment threshold. However, indications as to the siting of atmospheric monitoring stations are less precise and sometimes confusing. Campaigns to measure benzene and other volatile organic compounds in Murcia in 2007 and 2008 revealed that the areas where measurements coincided with the mean concentration for the whole city were always practically the same. Consequently, we propose a method for siting atmospheric monitoring stations in cities for which emission sources remain steady throughout the year, as is the case for cities in most southern European countries, where the most important emission source is traffic. The method is particularly useful for towns in which only one fixed measuring point is compulsory and should help local authorities in making correct decisions in this context. 相似文献
996.
Ingrid Öborn Jan Bengtsson Fredrik Hedenus Lotta Rydhmer Maria Stenström Katarina Vrede Charles Westin Ulf Magnusson 《Ambio》2013,42(7):823-839
To increase the awareness of society to the challenges of global food security, we developed five contrasting global and European scenarios for 2050 and used these to identify important issues for future agricultural research. Using a scenario development method known as morphological analysis, scenarios were constructed that took economic, political, technical, and environmental factors into account. With the scenarios as a starting point future challenges were discussed and research issues and questions were identified in an interactive process with stakeholders and researchers. Based on the outcome of this process, six socioeconomic and biophysical overarching challenges for future agricultural were formulated and related research issues identified. The outcome was compared with research priorities generated in five other research programs. In comparison, our research questions focus more on societal values and the role of consumers in influencing agricultural production, as well as on policy formulation and resolving conflicting goals, areas that are presently under-represented in agricultural research. The partly new and more interdisciplinary research priorities identified in Future Agriculture compared to other programs analyzed are likely a result of the methodological approach used, combining scenarios and interaction between stakeholders and researchers. 相似文献
997.
María Alejandra Gómez Pivel Carla Maria Dal Sasso Freitas 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):17-32
Numerical models that predict the fate of drilling discharges at sea constitute a valuable tool for both the oil industry and regulatory agencies. In order to provide reliable estimates, models must be validated through the comparison of predictions with field or laboratory observations. In this paper, we used the Offshore Operators Committee Model to simulate the discharges from two wells drilled at Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil, and compared the results with field observations obtained 3 months after drilling. The comparison showed that the model provided reasonable predictions, considering that data about currents were reconstructed and theoretical data were used to characterize the classes of solids. The model proved to be a valuable tool to determine the degree of potential impact associated to drilling activities. However, since the accuracy of the model is directly dependent on the quality of input data, different possible scenarios should be considered when used for forecast modeling. 相似文献
998.
999.
Ricardo Lavandier Natalia Quinete Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis Patrick Simões Dias Satie Taniguchi Rosalinda Montone Isabel Moreira 《Chemosphere》2013,90(9):2435-2443
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyls Ethers (PBDEs) are two highly lipophilic classes of persistent organic pollutants able to resist degradation and with the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain. In Brazil, there are still few studies on PCBs and PBDEs in aquatic organisms. In this study, we determined the levels of PBDEs and PCBs in three different fish species from the Ilha Grande Bay, located in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PBDEs levels were very low, with values below the limit of quantification. PCBs concentrations ranged from 2.29 to 27.60 ng g?1 ww in muscle and from 3.41 to 34.22 ng g?1 ww in liver of the three investigated fish species. Significant positive correlations were established between PCBs concentration and fish biometric variables in mullet (length and lipid content) and a statistically significant change between seasons in croaker was observed. 相似文献
1000.
Stefan Platikanov Roma Tauler Pedro M. S. M. Rodrigues Maria Cristina G. Antunes Dilson Pereira Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1389-1400