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81.
Anne Bousquet-Mélou Sophie Louis Christine Robles Stéphane Greff Sylvie Dupouyet Catherine Fernandez 《Chemoecology》2005,15(4):193-198
Summary. Biological invasions are nowadays a major problem in ecology. Allelopathy has been shown to be involved in such invasions,
but this mechanism has been little studied in France. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the allelopathic potential
of Medicago arborea, an invasive species in the French Mediterranean region. Foliar extracts were tested on three target species (Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum and Linum strictum). We showed that Medicago arborea has high allelopathic potential to affect the growth and germination of other species. Yellow flax (Linum strictum), native to the invaded area, was the most sensitive of the tested plant species to foliar extracts of Medicago arborea. Our study pointed out the role of allelopathy in processes leading to biological invasion, and more generally in population
dynamics. 相似文献
82.
Amelène El-Mufleh Béatrice Béchet Véronique Ruban Michel Legret Blandine Clozel Sylvie Barraud Carolina Gonzalez-Merchan Jean-Philippe Bedell Cécile Delolme 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(8):5329-5346
Urban stormwater infiltration basins are designed to hold runoff from impervious surfaces and allow the settling of sediments and associated pollutants. However concerns have been expressed about the environmental impacts that may be exerted by the trapped pollutants on groundwater, soils and ecosystems. In this context, sediment characterization represents a key issue for local authorities in terms of management strategies. During the last two decades, several studies were launched including either physical or chemical characterization of stormwater sediments but without real synthesis of data and methods used. Consequently, there is an important need for reviewing the current experimental techniques devoted to the physico-chemical characterization of sediment. The review is based on the outcomes of two experimental sites for which long term monitoring and data collection have been done: the Cheviré basin (near Nantes) and the Django Reinhardt basin (near Lyon). The authors summarize the studies dealing with bulk properties, pollutant contents, their potential mobility and speciation. This paper aims at promoting the significant progresses that were made through a multidisciplinary approach involving multi-scaled and combined experimental techniques. 相似文献
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86.
Kamil M. Szafranski Sylvie M. Gaudron Sébastien Duperron 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(5):373-383
Bacterial symbiont transmission is a key step in the renewal of the symbiotic interaction at each host generation, and different modes of transmission can be distinguished. Vesicomyidae are chemosynthetic bivalves from reducing habitats that rely on symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, in which two studies suggesting vertical transmission of symbionts have been published, both limited by the imaging techniques used. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that bacterial symbionts of Isorropodon bigoti, a gonochoristic Vesicomyidae from the Guiness cold seep site, occur intracellularly within female gametes at all stages of gametogenesis from germ cells to mature oocytes and in early postlarval stage. Symbionts are completely absent from the male gonad and gametes. This study confirms the transovarial transmission of symbionts in Vesicomyidae and extends it to the smaller species for which no data were previously available. 相似文献
87.
Jacques-Eric Bergez Françoise Carpy-Goulard Sylvie Paradis Aude Ridier 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(4):951-961
Following the request of local stakeholders, a multidisciplinary group of experts was formed to implement a foresight analysis
of the cash crop sector in the Midi-Pyrénées region. The group developed a four-step multidisciplinary and participatory methodology
that defined the objectives, established a shared diagnosis of the issue raised in the regional cash crop sector, implemented
a foresight analysis, and then created a graphical summary. Three types of working groups (steering, restricted, and expanded)
were involved with well-assigned tasks. The dynamic interactions between the different groups of stakeholders and scientists
and the use of graphics and maps as a medium to identify critical areas, such as zones in which production or environmental
issues, are declining or evolving, enabled a shared view of regional problems. The main contribution of this paper is the
presentation of a participative methodology that enabled co-construction of three shared scenarios based on the combination
of five major uncertainties: (i) change in agricultural markets and international trade; (ii) urbanization and regional planning;
(iii) changing patterns of consumption and product processing; (iv) environmental issues in public policies; and (v) ability
of farmers to implement innovative tools and methods. 相似文献
88.
Foltête AS Masfaraud JF Bigorgne E Nahmani J Chaurand P Botta C Labille J Rose J Férard JF Cotelle S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2515-2522
Mineral sunscreen nanocomposites, based on a nano-TiO2 core, coated with aluminium hydroxide and dimethicone films, were submitted to an artificial ageing process. The resulting Altered TiO2 Nanocomposites (ATN) were then tested in the liquid phase on the plant model Vicia faba, which was exposed 48 h to three nominal concentrations: 5, 25 and 50 mg ATN/L. Plant growth, photosystem II maximum quantum yield, genotoxicity (micronucleus test) and phytochelatins levels showed no change compared to controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers remained unchanged in shoots while in roots, glutathione reductase activity decreased at 50 mg ATN/L and ascorbate peroxidase activity decreased for 5 and 25 mg ATN/L. Nevertheless, despite the weak response of biological endpoints, ICP-MS measurements revealed high Ti and Al concentrations in roots, and X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy revealed titanium internalization in superficial root tissues. Eventual long-term effects on plants may occur. 相似文献
89.
The release of hospital wastewater into the urban sewer networks contributes to the general contamination of aquatic media by pharmaceutical residues. These residues include bio-accumulative pharmaceuticals that lead to increased risk for ecosystems because they can concentrate in organisms and food chains, and therefore reach toxic levels. In order to assess the ecotoxicological risks linked to this particular category of residues, we have developed a specific method, by combining a theoretical calculation of pollutant concentrations in organisms to estimate Body Residue (BR), and ecotoxicity biomarkers in fish cell lines, enabling the calculation of a Critical Body Residue (CBR). This method finally results in the calculation of a specific risk quotient (Qb = BR/CBR), characterizing the risk linked to this type of pollutant. This method was applied to mitotane, a bio-accumulative pharmaceutical typically found in hospital wastewater, in the framework of an exposure scenario corresponding to the discharge of all the hospital wastewaters into the Rhone River which flows through the city of Lyon, France. This approach leads to risk quotients (Qb and Qbg) much higher than those found with the classical approach, i.e. Q = PEC/PNEC (Predictive Environmental Concentration/Predictive Non Effect Concentration) = 0.0006. This difference in the appreciation of risk is important when using cytotoxicity as the criterion for measuring the toxicity of mitotane (Qb = 0.056) and it is even greater when the criterion used is genotoxicity (Qbg = 6.8). This study must be now consolidated by taking the biomagnification of the pharmaceuticals into consideration. 相似文献
90.
Daniel Imbeau Joseph-Jean Paques Sylvie Bergeron Réal Bourbonnière 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):196-211
Sixteen certified crane operators performed several series of boom movements toward a segment of a typical power line using a 100-ton lifting capacity crane equipped with an 18-m boom, a single lifting cable, and a hard ball hook. The operators were instructed to stop the crane movement when the lifting cable reached the edge of the danger zone located 3 m from the power line. To achieve each maneuver, they evaluated the distance between the nearest wire and their crane using two methods: free sighting and the use of highly visible markers delineating the edge of the danger zone. The dependent measure was the distance between the lifting cable and the edge of the danger zone. Results showed that operators were generally unreliable when judging the distance between their crane and the power line when sighting the power line directly, but the use of markers proved to be much more precise and reliable in targeting the edge of the danger zone. 相似文献