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11.
Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of
inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4
+ and PO4
3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH
solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases,
gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at
80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and
hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific
surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products
were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4
+,
and PO4
3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4
+ decreased
due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4
3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the
solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature. 相似文献
12.
Kameoka Hiroshi Ito Koji Ono Junko Banno Arisa Matsumura Chisato Haga Yuki Endo Kazuto Mizutani Satoshi Yabuki Yoshinori 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):287-296
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in products, such as aqueous film-forming foam and fluorochemical surfactants, because of... 相似文献
13.
Shin-ichi Sakai Hideto Yoshida Jiro Hiratsuka Carlo Vandecasteele Regina Kohlmeyer Vera Susanne Rotter Fabrizio Passarini Alessandro Santini Maria Peeler Jinhui Li Gil-Jong Oh Ngo Kim Chi Lawin Bastian Stephen Moore Natsuko Kajiwara Hidetaka Takigami Takaaki Itai Shin Takahashi Shinsuke Tanabe Keijiro Tomoda Takashi Hirakawa Yasuhiro Hirai Misuzu Asari Junya Yano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(1):1-20
End-of-life vehicles (ELV) have become a global concern as automobiles have become popular worldwide. An international workshop was held to gather data and to discuss 3R policies and ELV recycling systems, their background and present situation, outcomes of related policies and programs, the framework of recycling and waste management, and case studies on related topics in several countries and regions, as well as the essential points of the comparison. Legislative ELV recycling systems are established in the EU, Japan, Korea, and China, while in the US, ELV recycling is managed under existing laws on environmental protection. Since automobile shredding residue (ASR) has a high calorific value and ash content, and includes heavy metals as well as a mass of unclassified fine particles, recycling ASR is considered highly difficult. Countries with a legislative ELV system commonly set a target for recovery rates, with many aiming for more than 95 % recovery. In order to reach this target, higher efficiency in ASR recovery is needed, in addition to material recycling of collectable components and metals. Environmentally friendly design was considered necessary at the planning and manufacturing stages, and the development of recycling systems and techniques in line with these changes are required for sound ELV management. 相似文献
14.
A pilot plant two-phase anaerobic digestion system for bioenergy recovery from swine wastes and garbage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A pilot plant bioenergy recovery system from swine waste and garbage was constructed. A series of experiments was performed using swine feces (SF); a mixture of swine feces and urine (MSFU); a mixture of swine feces, urine and garbage (MSFUG); garbage and a mixture of urine and garbage (AUG). The system performed well for treating the source materials at a high organic loading rate (OLR) and short hydraulic retention time (HRT). In particular, the biogas production for the MSFUG was the highest, accounting for approximately 865-930Lkg(-1)-VS added at the OLR of 5.0-5.3kg-VSm(-3)day(-1) and the HRT of 9 days. The removal of VS was 67-75%, and that of COD was 73-74%. Therefore, co-digestion is a promising method for the recovery of bioenergy from swine waste and garbage. Furthermore, the results obtained from this study provide fundamental information for scaling up a high-performance anaerobic system in the future. 相似文献
15.
Chung ‐Min Liao Takaaki Maekawa 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):1053-1078
Abstract Nitrogen removal by a methane fermentation plus activated sludge process with the intermittent aeration was presented based upon a full‐scale pig farm experiment. Swine wastewater had a T‐N/BOD ratio from 0.2–0.29. The BOD concentration input to the process ranged from 1050–1608 mg l‐1 and the T‐N concentration from 273–350 mg l‐1. More than 90% of organic carbon was removed in each experimental run. Only small concentrations of NO3‐N were found in the effluent and higher than 60% of the T‐N and 73% of NH4‐N which were loaded to the intermittent aeration tank was removed. The nitrogen balance of each run was calculated. Denitrification was estimated to be accountable for 45–90% of the T‐N removed in the intermittent aeration tank. Denitrification rate increased as the BOD concentration increased (> 1300 mg l‐1). The T‐N removal percentage was a function of the T‐N/BOD ratio of the influent. Although higher DO concentration (> 3 mg l‐1) did not enhance the denitrification rate, nitrification did maintain at relative higher rates at a lower DO concentration (ave. 1.5 mg l‐1). An operational condition of intermittent interval of aeration/nonaeration at 1:1 hr is better than that of the condition at 3:1 hr. As a result, T‐N and NH4‐N were removed up to 30% and 40% respectively, and the denitrification rate reached 79% in the intermittent aeration tank. An experimental run in a pilot plant on treating anaerobically pretreated swine wastewater was observed to verify simultaneous nitrification/denitrification. The results of the full‐scale plant experimentation seem to be confirmed by those obtained from the pilot plant runs. 相似文献
16.
Airborne particulate matter (APM) is a major air pollutant, and the effect on human health of fine APM (PM2.5) deposited deep inside the lungs has recently become a serious concern. Moreover, soluble constituents may leach from APM, and intensify some health disorders. To identify the soluble chemical constituents of APM, size-classified APM was sampled in central Tokyo, and the elemental compositions of the water-soluble, acid-soluble and insoluble fractions were investigated. The extraction procedure was validated by calculating the mass balance of soluble and insoluble fractions of a standard APM reference material (NIST SRM 1648). Among the major elements, Fe and Ti in APM of all size classes and K in coarse APM were distributed primarily in the insoluble fraction and were inferred to be present as oxides or silicates, whereas Na and Mg in all size classes and K in fine APM were primarily in the water-soluble fraction and were inferred to be have originated mainly from sea salt. Among the trace elements, Zn and Cd in the fine APM (d < 2 microm) had large enrichment factors, indicating an anthropogenic origin, and were distributed primarily in the water-soluble fraction. When fine anthropogenic APM enters into the lungs, leached toxic elements, such as Cd, may adversely affect health. The higher the bonding energy of the monoxide molecule of the element was, the higher its distribution ratio was in the water-soluble fraction. Therefore, many metallic elements in APM were inferred to be present as oxygen-bonded compounds. 相似文献
17.
Akira Hoshino Maso Tsuji Masanori Momochi Akiko Mizutani Hideo Sawada Setsuo Kohnami Hiroki Nakagomi Michio Ito Hisato Saida Munehiro Ohnishi Michimasa Hirata Masao Kunioka Masahiro Funabash Shogo Uematsu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(4):275-280
Several ISO standards for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic biodegradability of plastic materials have been published.
In particular, ISO 14855-1 is a common test method that measures evolved carbon dioxide using such methods as continuous infrared
analysis, gas chromatography or titration and others (ISO 14855-1(2005.9)). This method is a small-scale test for determining
the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, where the amounts of compost inoculum and test sample in one tenth
comparing with that of ISO 14855-1. This method is well versed in ISO/DIS 14855-2 which the carbon dioxide evolved from test
vessel is determined by gravimetric analysis of carbon dioxide absorbent. The focus of this study is to elucidate statistically
the results of round robin test by seven countries used MODA, which were various deviations among the experiments. 相似文献
18.
19.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Ports and marine transportation play important roles in the development of Vietnam, but there are increasing concerns over environmental issues... 相似文献
20.
《淮河流域可持续发展战略研究》采取系统科学的方法,提出了较为完整的淮河流可持续发展战略体系,既是中国水利事业步入“大水利”举措的尝试,也弥补了从整体上研究中国大河流域可持续发展战略的不足,对于其他大河流域的可持续发展战略研究具有借鉴意义。 相似文献