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991.
太湖主要入湖河流排污控制量研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
利用2006—2008年的监测数据对太湖主要入湖河流的水环境状况进行了分析,通过对研究区工业污染源、农业污染源和城镇生活污水排污的分布以及入河情况的调查,对各种污染源的入河量进行了计算,根据确定的水质目标,分别计算出主要入湖河流以及区域水系的水环境容量和排污控制量。结果表明:15条主要入湖河流超标现象显著,近3a来污染程度有所波动,N、P污染最为严重。研究区内污染物入河量较大,未接管的生活源污染物入河量所占比重最大,各类污染物均在50%~60%之间;张家港市的污染物入河量最大,各类污染物所占比重达总入河量的18%~20%。研究区内河网密布,水环境容量分布不均匀,望虞河、直湖港、武进港等7条河流水环境容量较大,张家港市区域水环境容量较大。为保证水质达标,研究区内近期共须削减CODCr66554.38t/a、NH4-N8105.71t/a、TP1324.42t/a;远期共须削减CODCr96719.08t/a、NH4-N11541.45t/a、TP1788.71t/a。 相似文献
992.
993.
Baoning Zhang Fan Meng Chune Shi Fuquan Yang Deyong Wen Jonatan Aronsson Philip K. Gbor James J. Sloan 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2204-2212
The atmospheric fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) was simulated for the year 2000 in North America using a SMOKE/CMAQ-based chemical transport model that was modified for this purpose. The 1999 USEPA emission inventories of PCDD/Fs and criteria pollutants were used. The 1995 Canadian emission inventory of criteria pollutants and the 1995 Canadian area source emissions for PCDD/Fs were used with the 2000 Canadian point source emissions. Modifications to CMAQ involved coupling it with dual organic matter (OM) absorption and black carbon (BC) adsorption models to calculate PCDD/F gas–particle partitioning. The model satisfactorily reproduced the particle bound fractions at all rural sites for which there were measured data and across the whole domain, the modeled vs. measured differences in particle bound fractions were less than 20% for nearly all congeners. The model predicted ambient air PCDD/F concentrations were also consistent with measurements. Simulated deposition fluxes were within 58% of direct measurements. PCDD/F atmospheric depositions to each of the Great Lakes were estimated for the year 2000. The results indicate that approximately 76% of the total deposition of PCDD/Fs to the Great Lakes (in W-TEQ, or toxic equivalent units as defined by the World Health Organization) is attributed to PCDD/Fs absorbed into OM in aerosol. For all of the lakes, more than 92% of all deposition is particle phase wet deposition and only 5–8% is particle phase dry deposition. Wet deposition from the gas phase is negligible. Of the 17 toxic PCDD/F congeners, the Cl4–5DD/F compounds contribute approximately 70% to the total atmospheric deposition to the Great Lakes. The seasonal changes in the PCDD/F deposition flux track variations in ambient temperature. 相似文献
994.
Distribution,possible sources,and health risk assessment of SVOC pollution in small streams in Pearl River Delta,China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hongwei Sun Taicheng An Guiying Li Meng Qiao Dongbin Wei 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10083-10095
The pollution levels of typical semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) consisting of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 20 organic chlorinated pesticides (OCPs), and 15 phthalate esters (PAEs) were investigated in small rivers running through the flourishing cities in Pearl River Delta region, China. The concentrations of ∑15PAHs were 2.0–48 ng/L and 29–1.2?×?103 ng/g in the water and sediment samples, respectively. The ∑20OCPs were 6.6–57 ng/L and 9.3–6.0?×?102 ng/g in the water and sediment samples, respectively. The concentrations of ∑15PAEs were much higher both in the water and sediments. The partition process of the detected SVOCs between the water and sediment did not reach the equilibrium state at most of the sites when sampling. The combustion of petroleum products and coal was the major source of the detected PAHs. The OCPs were mainly historical residue, whereas the new inputs of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlordane, and endosulfan were possible at several sites. The industrial and domestic sewage were the major source for the PAEs; storm water runoff accelerated the input of PAEs. No chronic risk of the SVOCs was identified by a health risk assessment through daily water consumption, except for the ∑20OCPs that might cause cancer at several sites. Nevertheless, the integrated health risk of the SVOCs should not be neglected and need intensive investigations. 相似文献
995.
Da-yong Zhao Juan Luo Jin Zeng Meng Wang Wen-ming Yan Rui Huang Qinglong L. Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):389-398
Abundances and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in unvegetated sediment and the rhizosphere sediments of three submerged macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria spinulosa, and Potamogeton crispus) were investigated in a large, eutrophic freshwater lake, Lake Taihu. Abundances of archaeal ammonia monooxygenase alpha-subunit (amoA) gene (from 6.56?×?106 copies to 1.06?×?107 copies per gram of dry sediment) were higher than those of bacterial amoA (from 6.13?×?105 to 3.21?×?106 copies per gram of dry sediment) in all samples. Submerged macrophytes exhibited no significant effect on the abundance and diversity of archaeal amoA gene. C. demersum and V. spinulosa increased the abundance and diversity of bacterial amoA gene in their rhizosphere sediment. However, the diversity of bacterial amoA gene in the rhizosphere sediments of P. crispus was decreased. The data obtained in this study would be helpful to elucidate the roles of submerged macrophytes involved in the nitrogen cycling of eutrophic lake ecosystems. 相似文献
996.
短小芽孢杆菌A—30耐碱性木聚糖酶基因的分子生物学研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用PCR方法对短小芽孢杆菌A-30菌株的耐碱性木聚糖酶基因进行克隆。在木聚糖选择平板上用刚果红染色法筛选出阳性克隆,提取阳性克隆的重组质粒进行酶切鉴定和测序。该基因在大肠杆菌中表达,过夜培养物胞外、胞内和周质空间的木聚糖酶酶活分别为0.159IUmL^-1、0.322IUmL^-1和0.007IUmL^-1。此木聚糖酶表现出较宽的pH作用范围,最适作用pH7左右,在pH9时仍有60%以上的酶活性。图4参14 相似文献
997.
<正>环境科技是环境保护的重要支撑和保障。"十一五"期间,国家启动了污染源普查、环境宏观战略研究、水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(以下简称水专项)三大环境保护基础战略性工程。中国环境科学研究院积极参加这三大工程建设,在其中发挥着突出的技术引领作用。 相似文献
998.
总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)是评价湖泊水体富营养化的主要指标,而实验分析中的总氮、总磷含量的测定结果受诸多因素(如水样储存方式、储存时间和氮磷赋存状态等)的影响,易造成分析数据的不稳定性。对于云南典型喀斯特地区湖泊水体氮磷含量分析而言,特别是在采样点距实验室距离远、样品数量多的情况下,不能按实验分析标准要求时间完成分析。该研究针对云南九大高原典型湖泊的特殊性和在大批量样品采集、远距离搬运、实验分析需要一定时间的实际情况,选择3个氮磷含量差异较大的抚仙湖、阳宗海和滇池为研究对象,对采样后样品在低温储存条件下随测定时间而发生变化进行分析,探讨样品TN、TP和溶解态氮(DN)、溶解态磷(DP)含量的变化特征,以确定最佳的实验分析时间。研究结果表明:(1)采样后即进行氮磷含量分析结果显示:3个湖泊水样氮磷含量差别明显,同时存在状态不相一致,滇池样品中氮磷含量最高,其TN含量为2.44 mg/L,DN含量为1.47 mg/L,占总氮的60%,TP含量为0.13 mg/L,DP含量为0.02 mg/L,占总磷的15%;阳宗海次之,其中TN含量为0.73 mg/L,DN含量为0.60 mg/L,占总氮的82%,TP含量为0.04 mg/L,DP含量为0.03 mg/L,占总磷的75%;抚仙湖最低,其中TN含量为0.32 mg/L,DN含量为0.28 mg/L,占总氮的90%,TP含量为0.02 mg/L,DP含量为0.01 mg/L,占总磷的50%;(2)样品在低温室(3℃~4℃)随着静置时间的增长,TN、TP含量均呈现降低趋势,说明静置时间对其有影响;其中滇池和阳宗海水样总氮总磷含量降低幅度较大,而抚仙湖较小;(3)样品经过滤后,滇池阳和宗海的水样氮磷含量呈现降低趋势,而抚仙湖则无明显变化。样品储存时间、过滤处理对氮磷含量低的湖泊水样影响较小,对氮磷含量大的湖泊影响较大,尤其是颗粒态氮磷含量较高的样品。由于水样中氮磷存在多种形态,湖泊营养程度不同,在对水样进行氮磷含量测定时,应当考虑水样储存时间和氮磷赋存状态等因素。 相似文献
999.
有载分接开关是换流变压器的重要部件。针对某±800 kV特高压换流站发生的换流变压器有载分接开关故障,通过设备检查和试验分析,得出此次事故发生的主要原因是有载分接开关的机械操作机构故障,并提出了相应的改进建议。 相似文献
1000.
直流系统的稳定性影响着发电厂和变电站的安全运行,介绍了几种传统的直流系统接地故障检测方法,并分析了每种方法的优缺点。针对传统直流系统接地故障检测方法的不足,提出了一种基于改进电桥法的故障检测方法,通过两次投切检测电阻来检测电桥上的不平衡电流和支路漏电流,计算得出接地电阻并快速找出故障支路,通过对比分析发现改进电桥法的测量准确性更高。 相似文献